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Effects of institutional policies on employees with nonobvious disabilities. 制度性政策对非明显残疾员工的影响。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1103
Anthony G Stacey

Background: While legislation protects persons with disabilities against discrimination, decisions taken in line with institutional policies may still have a negative impact on the lived experience of those individuals.

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of institutional policies, to describe the unintended psychosocial impact of policies and to identify factors that moderate the impact of the policies.

Method: The study adopted an autoethnographic approach involving recollecting life experiences, reading archival and policy documents, reflecting on experiences, articulating lived experiences, deep thought, reviewing and repetition. Activities were carried out as and when appropriate, not necessarily sequentially. The aim was to produce a coherent narrative with credibility, authenticity and integrity.

Results: The results indicate that decisions based on interpretation of policies did not necessarily result in persons with disabilities being fully included in normal academic activities. A disablist institutional culture substantially moderates the intended consequences of institutional policies on the experiences of persons living with disabilities, particularly those that are nonobvious.

Conclusions: Consideration of persons of all abilities should be no different from recognising the diverse needs of persons of different genders, ages, educational backgrounds, financial means, languages and other demographics. A culture of disability prejudice, even among well-meaning individuals, prevents a progressive policy framework from ensuring inclusivity for persons with disabilities.

Contribution: The study demonstrates that a supportive institutional culture is necessary to give effect to disability policies and legislation and to optimise the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the workplace.

背景:虽然立法保护残疾人不受歧视,但根据体制政策作出的决定仍可能对这些人的生活经历产生负面影响。目的:本研究的目的是评估制度政策的有效性,描述政策的意外心理社会影响,并确定缓和政策影响的因素。方法:采用自我民族志的研究方法,包括回忆生活经历、阅读档案和政策文件、反思经验、表达生活经验、深入思考、回顾和重复。活动是在适当的时候进行的,不一定是按顺序进行的。其目的是产生一种具有可信度、真实性和完整性的连贯叙述。结果:结果表明,基于政策解释的决策并不一定导致残疾人充分参与正常的学术活动。残疾人制度文化大大缓和了制度政策对残疾人经历的预期后果,特别是那些不明显的后果。结论:考虑所有能力的人应该与承认不同性别、年龄、教育背景、经济能力、语言和其他人口统计数据的人的多样化需求没有什么不同。即使在善意的个人中,残疾偏见文化也会阻碍进步的政策框架确保对残疾人的包容。贡献:该研究表明,支持性的制度文化对于实施残疾政策和立法以及优化工作场所对残疾人的包容是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions of health professionals on structure and process of stroke rehabilitation in Ghana. 卫生专业人员对加纳中风康复的结构和过程的看法。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1116
Tawagidu Mohammed, Gifty G Nyante, Joyce D Mothabeng

Background: Ensuring quality in the structure and process of stroke rehabilitation helps to attain a good outcome. However, knowledge on this is limited in resource-constrained settings such as Ghana.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore healthcare professionals' (HCPs) views and experiences of the structure and process of stroke rehabilitation in three selected hospitals in Ghana.

Method: A qualitative study was carried out involving 26 HCPs directly involved in stroke rehabilitation from three selected hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana representing the different levels of healthcare. Interviews were conducted using an interview guide to understand participants' views and experiences of the structure and process of stroke rehabilitation. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results: HCPs reported limitations with the structure of stroke rehabilitation with regards to the availability of rehabilitation units, bed capacity, approach to care, availability of protocol, staff capacity development and payment systems. With respect to the process of rehabilitation, the primary and secondary level hospitals were found not to have computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning equipment. Participants also reported limitations with discharge planning, basis for discharge and post-discharge care across all three hospitals.

Conclusion: This study found limitations in the current structure and process of stroke rehabilitation, which when given some considerations for improvement, can help improve the quality of care and thereby improve the outcome of stroke patients in Ghana.

Contribution: This study provided data which helps to assess the quality of stroke rehabilitation in Ghana.

背景:保证脑卒中康复的结构和过程质量,有助于获得良好的康复效果。然而,在加纳等资源受限的国家,这方面的知识有限。目的:本研究旨在探讨加纳选定的三家医院的医疗保健专业人员(HCPs)对脑卒中康复的结构和过程的看法和经验。方法:对来自加纳大阿克拉地区代表不同医疗水平的三家医院的26名直接参与中风康复的医务人员进行了定性研究。采用访谈指南进行访谈,了解参与者对脑卒中康复的结构和过程的看法和经验。访谈记录采用专题分析进行分析。结果:HCPs报告了卒中康复结构的局限性,包括康复单位的可用性、床位容量、护理方法、方案的可用性、员工能力发展和支付系统。在康复过程方面,发现一级和二级医院没有计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)扫描设备。参与者还报告了所有三家医院在出院计划、出院基础和出院后护理方面的局限性。结论:本研究发现了目前卒中康复的结构和流程存在的局限性,对其加以改进,有助于提高护理质量,从而改善加纳卒中患者的预后。贡献:本研究提供的数据有助于评估加纳中风康复的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of acquired brain injury one-month post-discharge from acute hospitalisation. 急性住院出院后1个月获得性脑损伤的体会。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1037
Kirsten J Talbot, Esedra Krüger, Bhavani S Pillay

Background: Healthcare professionals may have a preconceived idea about life after an acquired brain injury (ABI). Understanding lived experiences of individuals with ABI and their significant others, post-hospitalisation, may improve communication between healthcare professionals and individuals directly influenced by the ABI.

Objective: To describe perceived experiences of individuals with ABI, and their significant others, regarding rehabilitation services and returning to daily activities, one-month post-discharge from acute hospitalisation.

Method: Semi-structured interviews, via an online platform, expanded on the experiences of six dyads (individuals with an ABI and their significant others). Data were thematically analysed.

Results: Six main themes emerged that best described participants' experiences; two of which were shared between individuals with ABI and their significant others (SO). Individuals with an ABI acknowledged recovery as their priority and highlighted the importance of patience. The need for counselling and additional support from healthcare professionals and peers arose. The SO expressed a need for written information, improved communication from healthcare professionals, and education regarding the implications of an ABI. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic negatively influenced all participants' overall experiences, mainly because of termination of visiting hours. Psychosocial intervention would have been beneficial to all participants. Faith influenced most participants' attitudes towards recovery and adapting post-ABI.

Conclusion: Most participants accepted their new reality but required additional support to cope emotionally. Individuals with an ABI would benefit from opportunities to share experiences with and learn from others in a similar situation. Streamlined services and improved communication may alleviate anxiety among families during this crucial transitional period.

Contribution: This article provides valuable information on the perspectives and experiences of individuals with ABI and their significant others during the transition from acute hospitalisation. The findings can assist with the continuity of care, integrative health and supportive strategies during the transition period post-ABI.

背景:医疗保健专业人员可能对后天性脑损伤(ABI)后的生活有先入为主的看法。了解ABI患者及其重要他人在住院后的生活经历,可以改善医疗保健专业人员与直接受ABI影响的个人之间的沟通。目的:描述ABI患者及其重要他人在急性住院出院一个月后康复服务和恢复日常活动方面的感知体验。方法:通过在线平台进行半结构化访谈,扩展了六个二人组(ABI个体及其重要他人)的经历。对数据进行主题分析。结果:六个主题最能描述参与者的经历;其中两个在ABI患者和他们的重要他人(SO)之间共享。患有ABI的人承认恢复是他们的首要任务,并强调耐心的重要性。需要咨询和来自保健专业人员和同行的额外支持。SO表示需要书面信息,改善医疗保健专业人员的沟通,以及关于ABI含义的教育。2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行对所有参与者的整体体验产生了负面影响,主要原因是参观时间的终止。心理干预对所有参与者都是有益的。信仰影响了大多数参与者对创伤后康复和适应的态度。结论:大多数参与者接受了他们的新现实,但在情感上需要额外的支持。有ABI的个人将从与处于类似情况的其他人分享经验和学习的机会中受益。在这个关键的过渡时期,精简的服务和改善的沟通可能会减轻家庭的焦虑。贡献:这篇文章提供了关于ABI患者及其重要他人在急性住院过渡期间的观点和经验的宝贵信息。研究结果有助于在abi后的过渡时期继续护理、综合健康和支持策略。
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引用次数: 1
A call to give a voice to people with intellectual disabilities in Africa through inclusive research. 呼吁通过包容性研究为非洲智障人士发声。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1127
Callista K Kahonde

Research looking into the day-to-day lives of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is on the increase in Africa. However, not enough is being done to include people with ID as active contributors to this research through inclusive approaches. Inclusive research empowers people with ID as they have the agency and autonomy to speak for themselves and they are given an active voice in the research process and outcomes. This leads to services that cater for what matters to people with ID themselves as opposed to having their needs defined by other people. The common myths and misconceptions attached to ID in Africa, which increase stigma towards people affected by this type of disability can be abated by their visibility in research and evidence of their ability to express themselves. This article makes a call to researchers on the African continent to include people with ID in research as active contributors to the research and not simply as research subjects or respondents. A background is given of global developments that have occurred in inclusive research based on the literature and the author's personal experience, which African researchers can learn from while taking cognizance of the specific needs of their own contexts. This is followed by highlighting the gaps in Africa. The article ends with a discussion of possible reasons for a lack of inclusive research in Africa and suggestions and recommendations to address this gap.

在非洲,对智障人士日常生活的研究正在增加。然而,通过包容性的方法,将ID患者纳入这项研究的积极贡献者还不够。包容性研究赋予ID患者权力,因为他们拥有为自己说话的代理和自主权,他们在研究过程和结果中被赋予了积极的发言权。这就导致了服务的出现,这些服务迎合了有身份认同的人自己的需求,而不是让其他人来定义他们的需求。在非洲,与身份证有关的常见神话和误解增加了对受这类残疾影响的人的污名,可以通过他们在研究中的知名度和他们表达自己能力的证据来减少。这篇文章呼吁非洲大陆的研究人员将有ID的人纳入研究中,作为研究的积极贡献者,而不仅仅是作为研究对象或受访者。根据文献和作者的个人经验,给出了包容性研究中发生的全球发展的背景,非洲研究人员可以从中学习,同时认识到自己背景的具体需求。其次是强调非洲的差距。文章最后讨论了非洲缺乏包容性研究的可能原因,以及解决这一差距的建议和建议。
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引用次数: 0
Self-devised assistive techniques by university students with learning disabilities. 有学习障碍的大学生自行设计的辅助技术。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1106
Ndakaitei Manase
Background Access to assistive technology for disabilities is limited in low-resource settings. Therefore, existing research focuses on accessibility challenges. This article focuses on how students with learning disabilities manage learning in the absence of assistive technology, a subject that receives less scholarly attention. Objectives This article aims to provide insights on how students with learning disabilities manage learning in the face of limited access to assistive technology. It explores conversion factors that influence access to assistive technology. Method This qualitative study used semistructured interviews to collect data from students with learning disabilities and respective university staff members who were recruited using convenience and snowballing techniques. Data were analysed thematically and supported by thick descriptions of experiences. Results This study established that students have limited access to assistive technology, and they manage learning through self-devised means that are more socially than technologically or scientifically inspired such as self-affirmation, animal therapy, family support and prayer. Conversion factors, which affect ability by either enabling or constraining access to assistive technology, were identified at personal and institutional or environmental levels. Conclusion The article concludes that even though students with learning disabilities devise unconventional assistive ways to manage learning, failure to access assistive technology is a capability deprivation that promotes inequalities. Contribution This article provides insights that shift perspectives that students with disabilities are passive recipients of support; rather, they can be active agents who innovate nontechnological ways to manage learning in the absence of assistive technology.
背景:在资源匮乏的环境中,残疾人获得辅助技术的机会有限。因此,现有的研究主要集中在可访问性挑战上。本文关注的是在缺乏辅助技术的情况下,有学习障碍的学生如何管理学习,这是一个较少受到学术关注的主题。目的:本文旨在提供关于学习障碍学生如何在有限的辅助技术下管理学习的见解。它探讨了影响辅助技术获取的转换因素。方法:本定性研究采用半结构化访谈法,对学习障碍学生和各自的大学工作人员进行数据收集,采用便利滚雪球法。数据是按主题进行分析的,并辅以大量的经验描述。结果:本研究表明,学生使用辅助技术的机会有限,他们通过自我设计的方法来管理学习,这些方法更多的是社会而不是技术或科学启发,如自我肯定、动物疗法、家庭支持和祈祷。在个人和机构或环境层面上确定了通过允许或限制获得辅助技术来影响能力的转换因素。结论:文章的结论是,尽管有学习障碍的学生设计了非常规的辅助方法来管理学习,但未能获得辅助技术是一种能力剥夺,助长了不平等。贡献:这篇文章提供了一些见解,改变了残疾学生是被动接受支持的观点;相反,他们可以成为积极的代理人,在缺乏辅助技术的情况下创新非技术方法来管理学习。
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引用次数: 0
Non-use of healthcare services among persons with mobility impairments in Cofimvaba, South Africa. 在南非科菲姆瓦巴,行动不便的人不使用保健服务。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1112
Babalwa Tshaka, Surona Visagie, Lieketseng Y Ned

Background: Access to primary health care is a fundamental right for all. However, persons with disabilities are experiencing difficulties when accessing healthcare because of various environmental and personal barriers which may lead to nonuse of such services.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the challenges leading to non-use of healthcare services among persons with mobility impairments in Cofimvaba.

Method: A descriptive qualitative design using snowball sampling was implemented. Semistructured interviews were conducted in isiXhosa with five participants who stopped accessing healthcare, using a self-developed interview guide. Inductive thematic analysis was used to develop codes and themes from the data.

Results: Study findings revealed major challenges experienced by persons with mobility impairments in accessing healthcare. These included inaccessible roads, geographic inaccessibility, financial accessibility and indirect cost of care, having little or not many health problems, physical infrastructure difficulties within facilities, and attitudinal barriers.

Conclusion: The findings indicated that persons with disabilities are experiencing a combination of structural and environmental challenges which make them stop accessing healthcare.

Contribution: The article shares insights on access challenges that influence non-use of the often-needed healthcare services within the context of rural areas.

背景:获得初级卫生保健是所有人的一项基本权利。然而,由于各种环境和个人障碍,残疾人在获得医疗保健方面遇到困难,这些障碍可能导致无法使用这些服务。目的:本研究旨在确定导致科菲姆瓦巴行动不便的人不使用医疗服务的挑战。方法:采用滚雪球抽样法进行描述性定性设计。使用自行开发的访谈指南,在isiXhosa对五名停止就医的参与者进行了半结构化访谈。采用归纳主题分析法,从数据中制定代码和主题。结果:研究结果揭示了行动障碍人士在获得医疗保健方面面临的主要挑战。这些障碍包括道路不通、地理上的不便、经济上的可及性和间接的护理费用、很少或没有多少健康问题、设施内的有形基础设施困难以及态度上的障碍。结论:调查结果表明,残疾人正在经历结构性和环境双重挑战,使他们无法获得医疗保健服务。贡献:文章分享了对影响农村地区不使用经常需要的医疗保健服务的获取挑战的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Social participation of individuals with spinal injury using wheelchairs in rural Tanzania after peer training and entrepreneurial skills training. 坦桑尼亚农村使用轮椅的脊髓损伤患者在同伴培训和创业技能培训后的社会参与。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.975
Annabelle de Serres-Lafontaine, Delphine Labbé, Charles S Batcho, Lucy Norris, Krista L Best

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in less-resourced settings reported barriers to community integration, including inaccessible rehabilitation services, restricted environments and limited social integration. Peer training and entrepreneurial skills training are provided by Motivation, a nonprofit organisation, and Moshi Cooperative University to enhance occupational engagement of individuals with SCI in less-resourced settings.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of peer training and entrepreneurial skills training on the social participation of individuals with SCI living in Tanzania.

Method: Using a qualitative photovoice approach, 10 participants captured meaningful photos and provided captions according to five standardised questions (PHOTO technique) to convey their messages. Participants selected up to 34 photos that best illustrated their experiences in the community. A mixed inductive-deductive thematic analysis was guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Results: Two interrelated themes emerged: (1) 'influencing factors', which revealed how participants' inclusion in the community was influenced by their activities and personal and environmental factors and (2) 'empowerment', which highlighted participants' desire to advocate and promote awareness of needs and hopes.

Conclusion: Participants emphasised the importance of accessibility and equal opportunities. Whilst some were able to overcome obstacles, others experienced continued inaccessibility that inhibited meaningful occupations. Daily participation challenges of individuals with SCI in rural Tanzania were highlighted. Although the Motivation programmes were perceived to have powerful impacts on social participation, continued efforts and advocacy are needed to overcome accessibility issues and to meet the physical, psychological and social needs of Tanzanians living with SCI.

Contribution: This article highlights the importance of accessibility and equal opportunities for individuals with disability living in rural Tanzania. Peer-training and entrepreneurial programs offer community-based rehabilitation services that were perceived by people with disabilities to have a powerful impact on social participation and vocation. However, continued efforts and advocacy are needed to meet the needs of Tanzanians living with spinal cord injury.

背景:在资源匮乏的环境中,脊髓损伤(SCI)患者报告了社区融入障碍,包括难以获得康复服务、环境受限和社会融入有限。非营利组织Motivation和Moshi合作大学提供同伴培训和创业技能培训,以提高资源匮乏环境下脊髓损伤患者的职业参与度。目的:本研究旨在探讨同伴培训和创业技能培训对坦桑尼亚SCI患者社会参与的影响。方法:采用定性的照片语音方法,10名参与者根据5个标准化问题(照片技术)拍摄有意义的照片并提供说明文字,以传达他们的信息。参与者选择了最多34张最能说明他们在社区经历的照片。在《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》的指导下,进行了混合归纳-演绎专题分析。结果:出现了两个相互关联的主题:(1)"影响因素",显示参与者的活动、个人及环境因素如何影响他们融入社会;(2)“赋权”,突出了参与者倡导和促进对需求和希望的认识的愿望。结论:与会者强调可及性和平等机会的重要性。虽然有些人能够克服障碍,但其他人经历了持续的难以接近,这阻碍了有意义的职业。强调了坦桑尼亚农村脊髓损伤患者的日常参与挑战。虽然人们认为动机方案对社会参与有强大的影响,但仍需要继续努力和宣传,以克服无障碍问题,满足坦桑尼亚脊髓损伤患者的生理、心理和社会需要。贡献:这篇文章强调了生活在坦桑尼亚农村的残疾人无障碍和平等机会的重要性。同伴培训和创业项目提供以社区为基础的康复服务,被残疾人认为对社会参与和职业有强大的影响。然而,需要继续努力和宣传,以满足坦桑尼亚脊髓损伤患者的需要。
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引用次数: 1
A stroke rehabilitation training program for community-based primary health care, South Africa. 以社区为基础的初级卫生保健中风康复培训计划,南非。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1135
Elsje Scheffler, Robert Mash

Background: With an increasing burden of stroke and a lack of access to rehabilitation services in rural South African settings, stroke survivors rely on untrained family caregivers for support and care. Community health workers (CHWs) support these families but have no stroke-specific training.

Objectives: To describe the development of a contextually appropriate stroke training program for CHWs in the Cape Winelands District, South Africa.

Method: Twenty-six health professionals and CHWs from the local primary healthcare services participated in action research over a 15-month period from September 2014 to December 2015. The groups participated in two parallel cooperative inquiry (CI) groups. The inquiry followed the cyclical steps of planning, action, observation and reflection. In this article, the planning step and how the CI groups used the first three steps of the analyse, design, develop, implement, evaluate (ADDIE) instructional design model are described.

Results: The CHWs' scope of practice, learning needs, competencies and characteristics, as well as the needs of the caregivers and stroke survivors, were identified in the analysis step. The program design consisted of 16 sessions to be delivered over 20 h. Program resources were developed with appropriate technology, language and instructional methodology.

Conclusion: The program aims to equip CHWs to support family caregivers and stroke survivors in their homes as part of their generalist scope of practice. The implementation and initial evaluation will be described in a future article.

Contribution: The study developed a unique training program for CHWs to support caregivers and stroke survivors in a resource-constrained, rural, middle-income country setting.

背景:在南非农村地区,随着中风负担的增加和缺乏获得康复服务的机会,中风幸存者依靠未经训练的家庭照顾者获得支持和照顾。社区卫生工作者(CHWs)为这些家庭提供支持,但没有专门针对中风的培训。目的:描述在南非开普Winelands地区为chw制定的一项符合环境的卒中培训计划。方法:2014年9月至2015年12月,对当地基层卫生保健机构的26名卫生专业人员和保健员进行为期15个月的行动研究。这些小组参与了两个平行的合作探究(CI)小组。调查遵循计划、行动、观察和反思的循环步骤。在本文中,描述了计划步骤以及CI小组如何使用分析、设计、开发、实施、评估(ADDIE)教学设计模型的前三个步骤。结果:在分析步骤中确定了保健员的执业范围、学习需求、能力和特征,以及照顾者和脑卒中幸存者的需求。课程设计由16节课组成,每节课超过20小时。课程资源采用适当的技术、语言和教学方法开发。结论:该计划旨在使卫生保健员能够在家中支持家庭照顾者和中风幸存者,这是他们全面实践范围的一部分。实现和初步评估将在以后的文章中描述。贡献:该研究为卫生保健员制定了一个独特的培训计划,以支持资源受限的中等收入农村国家的护理人员和中风幸存者。
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引用次数: 2
How did South Africans with disabilities experience COVID-19? Results of an online survey. 南非残疾人如何经历COVID-19?网上调查的结果。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1119
Mary Wickenden, Tim G B Hart, Stephen J Thompson, Yul D Davids, Mercy Ngungu

Background: People with disabilities are a large, disadvantaged minority, comprising approximately 12% of the population. The South African government has ratified international and regional disability treaties but deals with disability rights within general anti-discrimination legislation. There are no specific frameworks to monitor justice for people with disabilities. The study aims to inform further development of disability inclusive mechanisms relating to crises including pandemics.

Objectives: This study explored the perceptions of South Africans with disabilities, to understand their experiences during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focussing on socioeconomic, well-being and human rights aspects.

Method: An online survey tool generated quantitative and qualitative data. Widespread publicity and broad recruitment were achieved through project partners networks. Participants responded via mobile phone and/or online platforms.

Results: Nearly 2000 people responded, representing different genders, impairments, races, socio-economic status, education and ages. Findings include: (1) negative economic and emotional impacts, (2) a lack of inclusive and accessible information, (3) reduced access to services, (4) uncertainty about government and non-government agencies' support and (5)exacerbation of pre-existing disadvantages. These findings echo international predictions of COVID-19 disproportionally impacting people with disabilities.

Conclusion: The evidence reveals that people with disabilities in South Africa experienced many negative impacts of the pandemic. Strategies to control the virus largely ignored attending to human rights and socioeconomic well-being of this marginalised group.

Contribution: The evidence will inform the development of the national monitoring framework, recognised by the South African Government and emphasised by the United Nations as necessary to ensure the realisation of the rights of people with disabilities during future crises including pandemics.

背景:残疾人是一个庞大的弱势群体,约占人口的12%。南非政府批准了国际和区域残疾条约,但在一般反歧视立法中处理残疾人权利。没有具体的框架来监测残疾人的司法公正。这项研究的目的是为进一步发展与包括流行病在内的危机有关的包容残疾机制提供信息。目的:本研究探讨了南非残疾人的看法,以了解他们在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)期间的经历,重点关注社会经济、福祉和人权方面。方法:使用在线调查工具生成定量和定性数据。通过项目伙伴网络进行了广泛宣传和广泛招聘。参与者通过手机和/或在线平台进行回答。结果:近2000人参与了调查,他们代表了不同的性别、残疾、种族、社会经济地位、教育程度和年龄。研究结果包括:(1)负面的经济和情感影响;(2)缺乏包容性和可获取的信息;(3)获得服务的机会减少;(4)政府和非政府机构支持的不确定性;(5)现有劣势的加剧。这些发现与国际上对COVID-19对残疾人造成不成比例影响的预测相呼应。结论:有证据表明,南非的残疾人受到了疫情的许多负面影响。控制病毒的战略在很大程度上忽视了关注这一边缘化群体的人权和社会经济福祉。贡献:这些证据将为制定国家监测框架提供信息,南非政府承认这一框架,联合国也强调这一框架是确保在未来的危机(包括大流行病)中实现残疾人权利所必需的。
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引用次数: 1
Identity construction among deaf adolescents and young adults: A literature review. 失聪青少年与青年的身份建构:文献回顾。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1168
Lieketseng V Sekoto, Vera-Genevey Hlayisi

Background: Identity construction is an integral developmental task for adolescents and young adults (AYA). The intersection of deaf identity and disabling hearing loss (DHL) adds a layer to the complex process of identity construction.

Aim: This literature review highlights the self-ascribed deaf identities of AYA and seeks to understand how AYA with DHL forge these identities. Knowledge areas for prospective research and practice are uncovered.

Method: A traditional literature review of qualitative empirical evidence on AYA's accounts of their deaf identity construction was conducted on seminal literature and peer-reviewed journals in psychology, disability studies and deaf studies.

Results: The emerging self-ascribed deaf identities of AYA are diverse. The identities include Deaf, hearing, hard-of-hearing (HOH), bicultural HOH, identities that detach from disability, bicultural DeaF, unresolved and fluid identities. Complex trade-offs exist where the construction of certain identities forgoes certain reasonable accommodations, interventions or relations that are critical for personal development and wellbeing.

Conclusion: Current literature orients deaf identity formation around hearing status and Deaf-hearing communal dynamics. In-depth research comprising facets of AYA's personal, enacted and relational identities is required to conscientise rehabilitation professionals about the nuances of deaf identity issues and how to develop interventions that are supportive and responsive to the clinical and psychosocial challenges of AYA with DHL.

Contribution: This paper deviates from the d/Deaf identity dichotomy, revealing a spectrum of deaf identities that AYA forge. The rationales of AYA's deaf identities, underlying processes and possible vulnerable identities are unpacked. Recommendations for prospective research pertaining to identity construction among deaf AYA are made.

背景:认同建构是青少年发展过程中不可或缺的一项任务。聋人身份与失能性听力损失(DHL)的交叉为复杂的身份建构过程增添了一层色彩。目的:本文献综述强调了AYA的自我定位聋人身份,并试图了解AYA与DHL如何伪造这些身份。知识领域的前瞻性研究和实践被发现。方法:对心理学、残疾研究和聋人研究领域的重要文献和同行评议期刊进行传统文献综述,对AYA聋人身份建构的定性经验证据进行综述。结果:新出现的AYA自认聋人身份是多样的。这些身份包括聋人、听力障碍者、听力障碍者(HOH)、双文化聋人、脱离残疾的身份、双文化聋人身份、未解决身份和流动身份。复杂的权衡是存在的,某些身份的构建放弃了对个人发展和幸福至关重要的某些合理的住宿、干预或关系。结论:当前文献以听力状况和聋人群体动态为中心,定位聋人身份的形成。需要深入研究聋人身份的个人、制定和关系方面,以使康复专业人员了解聋人身份问题的细微差别,以及如何开发支持和响应聋人身份与DHL的临床和社会心理挑战的干预措施。贡献:本文偏离了d/聋人身份二分法,揭示了AYA伪造的聋人身份的频谱。AYA聋人身份的基本原理,潜在的过程和可能的脆弱身份被解开。最后,对聋哑人身份建构的前瞻性研究提出建议。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
African Journal of Disability
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