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Epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children in Ghana. 加纳儿童脑瘫流行病学。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-20 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1336
Israt Jahan, Sk Md Kamrul Bashar, Francis Laryea, Samuel Kofi Amponsah, Frederick Inkum Danquah, Mohammad Muhit, Hayley Smithers-Sheedy, Sarah McIntyre, Nadia Badawi, Gulam Khandaker

Background: The epidemiology of cerebral palsy (CP) is poorly described in Ghana. These data are crucial for evidence-based intervention for children with CP in the country.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the epidemiology of CP among children in Ghana.

Method: We established the first institution-based register of children with CP in Ghana (Ghana CP Register-GCPR). Children with confirmed CP aged < 18 years were registered following a detailed neurodevelopmental assessment. Socio-demographics, risk factors, predominant motor type and topography, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), associated impairments, education and rehabilitation status were documented.

Results: Between October 2018 and February 2020, 455 children were registered (mean [standard deviation {s.d.}] age at assessment: 5.9 [4.1] years). Preterm birth and low birthweight were reported in 52.0% and 21.1% children respectively. Most children (79.6%) had a pre- or perinatally acquired CP and the mean (s.d.) age of CP diagnosis was 22.2 (21.6) months. Overall, 55.9% of children had spastic tri- or quadriplegia, 60.5% had GMFCS level III-V and 70.3% had ≥ 1 associated impairment. However, 20.5% had never received rehabilitation services and 69.6% of school-aged children in the GCPR were not enrolled in schools.

Conclusion: The study findings indicate a high burden of severe motor and associated impairment among children with CP in Ghana which highlights the need for tailored interventions to improve health and well-being of children with CP in the country.

Contribution: The study highlights the need for interventions to improve functional outcome, health and well-being of children with CP in Ghana.

背景:加纳对脑瘫(CP)的流行病学描述很少。这些数据对于为加纳的脑瘫儿童提供循证干预至关重要:我们旨在描述加纳儿童脑瘫的流行病学:方法:我们建立了加纳首个以机构为基础的 CP 儿童登记册(加纳 CP 登记册-GCPR)。年龄小于 18 岁的确诊 CP 儿童在接受详细的神经发育评估后进行登记。社会人口统计学、风险因素、主要运动类型和地形、粗大运动功能分类系统(GMFCS)、相关损伤、教育和康复状况均被记录在案:2018年10月至2020年2月期间,共登记了455名儿童(评估时的平均年龄[标准差{s.d.}]:5.9 [4.1]岁)。早产和出生体重不足的儿童分别占 52.0% 和 21.1%。大多数儿童(79.6%)患有先天性或围产期获得性脑瘫,确诊脑瘫的平均年龄(s.d.)为 22.2(21.6)个月。总体而言,55.9%的儿童患有痉挛性三或四肢瘫痪,60.5%的儿童患有GMFCS III-V级,70.3%的儿童患有≥1种相关障碍。然而,20.5%的儿童从未接受过康复服务,69.6%的学龄儿童没有入学:研究结果表明,加纳患有严重运动障碍和相关障碍的儿童人数众多,这突出表明需要采取有针对性的干预措施,以改善该国患有心绞痛儿童的健康和福祉:贡献:本研究强调了采取干预措施以改善加纳脊髓灰质炎儿童的功能结果、健康和福祉的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Inclusive education and related policies in special needs schools in South Africa. 南非特殊需要学校的全纳教育及相关政策。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1358
Amukelani P Mahlaule, Cheryl M E McCrindle, Lizeka Napoles

Background: Post-apartheid, the education system shifted its focus from a segregated education system to an inclusive education system, which resulted in greater consideration of the role and function of special needs schools. In 2014 the National Department of Basic Education developed and implemented an inclusive approach and policies to provide guidelines on the running of special needs schools (SNS). The study was conducted in six SNS in Ekurhuleni South District, South Africa.

Objectives: The study explored the experiences of teachers and healthcare workers when implementing policies in SNS in the study area.

Method: This exploratory qualitative study used purposive sampling to select 13 teachers and healthcare workers for in-depth interviews. Collected data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis and ATLAS-ti version 23.

Results: Teachers and healthcare workers had different working experiences and understandings about inclusive education and policies, as well as their role in implementing these policies. Experienced challenges included lack of training, limited resources, lack of parental support, issues with differentiated curriculum, an unacceptable teaching environment; and poor referral systems. These challenges evoked strategies such as improvising, collaborating, and referring. Participants indicated that they required further training, resources, and support to successfully implement inclusive policies.

Conclusion: Both teachers and healthcare workers agreed that resources were lacking at all SNS represented. Staff training was urgently needed as the current curricula at SNS were differentiated for learners with physical and intellectual disabilities.

Contribution: Findings may inform policy implementation and change in SNS.

背景:种族隔离结束后,教育系统将重点从隔离式教育系统转向全纳教育系统,从而更多地考虑到特殊需求学校的作用和功能。2014 年,国家基础教育部制定并实施了全纳方法和政策,为特殊需求学校(SNS)的办学提供指导。本研究在南非埃库尔胡莱尼南区的六所特需学校进行:本研究探讨了教师和医护人员在研究地区的特殊需要学校实施政策时的经验:这项探索性定性研究采用目的性抽样,选择了 13 名教师和医护人员进行深入访谈。采用归纳式主题分析法和 ATLAS-ti 23 版对收集到的数据进行分析:教师和医护人员对全纳教育和政策以及他们在实施这些政策中的角色有着不同的工作经验和理解。他们遇到的挑战包括缺乏培训、资源有限、缺乏家长支持、差异化课程设置问题、教学环境令人难以接受以及转介系统不完善。这些挑战催生了诸如随机应变、合作和转介等策略。与会者表示,他们需要进一步的培训、资源和支持,才能成功实施全纳政策:教师和医护人员都认为,所有 SNS 代表机构都缺乏资源。亟需对员工进行培训,因为现有的特殊教育学校课程针对肢体残疾和智障学生进行了区分:贡献:研究结果可为特殊教育学校的政策实施和变革提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Seeing the human behind the research: Strengthening emerging African disability researchers. 看到研究背后的人性:加强新兴的非洲残疾研究人员。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-08-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1494
Michelle Botha, Chioma Ohajunwa

Background: A pre-conference workshop that investigated the experiences and needs of PhD candidates and early career researchers in disability studies in Africa was held as part of the proceedings of the African Network for Evidence to Action in Disability (AfriNEAD) 7th Conference in November 2023.

Objectives: To determine how the existing structures in AfriINEAD can be leveraged to support emerging African disability researchers. This article documents this event and summarises the key findings from the discussions that took place.

Method: The workshop included presentations from leading scholars in health professions education, panel discussions with PhD candidates and early career researchers, and small group discussions on what is needed to support emerging researchers.

Results: Disability studies was positioned by participants as not only an academic exercise but also a deeply personal pursuit, requiring introspection and conscientisation, with which they felt they needed support. There are also specific ethical concerns related to doing research work with persons with disabilities, which need to be prioritised in postgraduate education in disability studies. The needs identified by participants are summarised as: (1) mentorship, (2) networking, and (3) funding.

Conclusion: We suggest that the development of African disability scholars and scholarship requires an African ethical approach, which prioritises humanity, community and reciprocity.

Contribution: African disability studies scholars are well-placed to disrupt ableism in academic, medical and social spheres, as well as hierarchies within academia, which limit development, mutual growth and respect.

背景:作为 2023 年 11 月第七届非洲残疾问题证据行动网络(AfriNEAD)会议记录的一部分,举办了一次会前研讨会,调查非洲残疾研究领域的博士候选人和早期职业研究人员的经验和需求:确定如何利用非洲残疾问题证据行动网络(AfriNEAD)的现有结构来支持新兴的非洲残疾问题研究人员。本文记录了此次活动,并总结了讨论中的主要发现:研讨会包括健康专业教育领域知名学者的演讲、与博士候选人和早期职业研究人员的小组讨论,以及关于支持新兴研究人员所需内容的小组讨论:结果:与会者认为残疾研究不仅是一项学术活动,也是一种深刻的个人追求,需要反省和自觉,他们认为需要得到支持。在与残疾人一起开展研究工作时,还存在一些特殊的伦理问题,需要在残疾研究研究生教育中予以优先考虑。与会者提出的需求总结如下(结论:我们建议,非洲残疾学者和学术的发展需要一种非洲伦理方法,这种方法优先考虑人性、社区和互惠:非洲残疾研究学者完全有能力打破学术、医疗和社会领域的能力主义以及学术界内部的等级制度,因为这些制度限制了发展、相互成长和尊重。
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引用次数: 0
Healthcare transition practices of occupational therapists in South African public healthcare. 南非公共医疗机构中职业治疗师的医疗过渡实践。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-08-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1413
Ilhaam Hoosen, Fiona Breytenbach, Janine van der Linde

Background: Healthcare transition (HCT), the process of transitioning an adolescent from paediatric- to adult-oriented care, is vital for improving the long-term health of adolescents with chronic conditions. The role of occupational therapy in HCT has not been well-researched. Effective HCT practices are necessary to ensure that adolescents have access to coordinated, optimal and uninterrupted occupational therapy services throughout this period of development.

Objectives: This study describes occupational therapists' self-perceived knowledge of HCT within the context of South African public health facilities, the HCT practices used, and the factors that promote or hinder the success of HCT within this context.

Method: The study utilised a quantitative, non-experimental and descriptive cross-sectional design. Simple convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants via professional databases and social media forums. An online survey was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and simple content analysis were used to analyse the information.

Results: This study identifies limitations in the knowledge and practical implementation of HCT within South African occupational therapy practice. Healthcare transition is characterised by inadequate use of policies, insufficient transition preparation and poor outcome measurements.

Conclusion: There is a need for the development of training programmes and practice guidelines to optimise and support HCT implementation within South African occupational therapy practice.

Contribution: This study provides novel data on HCT practices utilised by occupational therapists in South African public health facilities. This study has potential use for the development of effective HCT programmes that can improve the functional outcomes of South African adolescents.

背景:医疗过渡(HCT)是指将青少年从儿科护理过渡到成人护理的过程,对于改善患有慢性疾病的青少年的长期健康状况至关重要。职业疗法在 HCT 中的作用尚未得到充分研究。要确保青少年在整个成长过程中都能获得协调、最佳和不间断的职业治疗服务,就必须采取有效的 HCT 实践:本研究描述了职业治疗师在南非公共卫生机构中对小儿麻痹症治疗的自我认知、所采用的小儿麻痹症治疗方法,以及在这种情况下促进或阻碍小儿麻痹症治疗取得成功的因素:研究采用了定量、非实验和描述性横截面设计。通过专业数据库和社交媒体论坛采用简单方便的滚雪球式抽样来招募参与者。采用在线调查的方式收集数据。采用描述性统计和简单内容分析法对信息进行分析:本研究指出了南非职业治疗实践中对 HCT 的认识和实际实施的局限性。医疗保健过渡的特点是政策使用不充分、过渡准备不足以及结果测量不佳:结论:有必要制定培训计划和实践指南,以优化和支持在南非职业治疗实践中实施 HCT:本研究提供了有关南非公共卫生机构中职业治疗师使用 HCT 实践的新数据。这项研究可能有助于制定有效的 HCT 计划,从而改善南非青少年的功能状况。
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引用次数: 0
Life outcomes in adults living with FASD in a rural South African community: A follow-up study. 南非农村社区患有 FASD 的成年人的生活状况:后续研究。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-08-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1386
Mandi Broodryk, Jaco G Louw, Debbie Acker, Denis L Viljoen, Leana Olivier

Background: Even though adults with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are at risk of negative life outcomes, there is no published evidence of this in South Africa, which has the highest estimated FASD prevalence rate globally.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to describe and compare the life outcomes of adults with FASD and adults without FASD in a South African rural community, 16 years after diagnosis.

Method: Participants were examined and interviewed regarding their biographical information, knowledge of FASD, information on their family, relationships, home circumstances, education, work and medical history.

Results: Adults with FASD were less likely to be in a relationship and more likely to have poor educational outcomes and to be exposed to violence as victim or perpetrator than their peers who did not have FASD. None of the participants with FASD completed secondary school successfully. No differences were found for independent living, employment, health, substance use and legal outcomes, between the foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial foetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS) and control group.

Conclusion: While significant differences existed in certain aspects, differences are not as stark as one would expect between individuals with FASD and controls.

Contribution: This study highlights the importance of considering the social context in which a FASD diagnosis is made. The comparative negative impact of an FASD diagnosis and the associated challenges on life outcomes may be less pronounced in rural communities where everyone has fewer opportunities and resources. This can also make the unique needs of persons with disabilities less visible.

背景:尽管患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍(FASD)的成年人有可能出现不良生活结果,但在南非却没有这方面的公开证据,而南非是全球估计FASD发病率最高的国家:本研究旨在描述和比较南非农村社区中患有 FASD 的成年人和未患有 FASD 的成年人在确诊 16 年后的生活状况:方法:对参与者的履历、对 FASD 的了解、家庭信息、人际关系、家庭环境、教育、工作和病史进行检查和访谈:与未患有 FASD 的同龄人相比,患有 FASD 的成年人更少可能有恋爱关系,更有可能教育成果不佳,更有可能成为暴力的受害者或施暴者。患有 FASD 的参与者中没有人顺利完成中学学业。在独立生活、就业、健康、药物使用和法律结果方面,胎儿酒精综合症(FAS)或部分胎儿酒精综合症(PFAS)组与对照组之间没有发现差异:结论:虽然在某些方面存在明显差异,但 FASD 患者与对照组之间的差异并不像人们预期的那样明显:贡献:本研究强调了在诊断 FASD 时考虑社会背景的重要性。在农村社区,每个人都拥有较少的机会和资源,因此,FASD 诊断和相关挑战对生活结果的负面影响可能不那么明显。这也会使残疾人的独特需求不那么明显。
{"title":"Life outcomes in adults living with FASD in a rural South African community: A follow-up study.","authors":"Mandi Broodryk, Jaco G Louw, Debbie Acker, Denis L Viljoen, Leana Olivier","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1386","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Even though adults with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are at risk of negative life outcomes, there is no published evidence of this in South Africa, which has the highest estimated FASD prevalence rate globally.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of the study was to describe and compare the life outcomes of adults with FASD and adults without FASD in a South African rural community, 16 years after diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were examined and interviewed regarding their biographical information, knowledge of FASD, information on their family, relationships, home circumstances, education, work and medical history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adults with FASD were less likely to be in a relationship and more likely to have poor educational outcomes and to be exposed to violence as victim or perpetrator than their peers who did not have FASD. None of the participants with FASD completed secondary school successfully. No differences were found for independent living, employment, health, substance use and legal outcomes, between the foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial foetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS) and control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While significant differences existed in certain aspects, differences are not as stark as one would expect between individuals with FASD and controls.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study highlights the importance of considering the social context in which a FASD diagnosis is made. The comparative negative impact of an FASD diagnosis and the associated challenges on life outcomes may be less pronounced in rural communities where everyone has fewer opportunities and resources. This can also make the unique needs of persons with disabilities less visible.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infection control in schools for learners with spina bifida: A scoping review. 脊柱裂患者学校的感染控制:范围综述。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-08-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1394
Sasavona R Mashamba, Saajida Mahomed, Jacqueline M van Wyk

Background: Despite the widespread prevalence of spina bifida and its impact on individual learners, there is limited information on how infection control is managed in the school environment.

Objective: This scoping review was conducted to map the evidence on infection control programmes at schools for learners with spina bifida (LSB) globally.

Methods: This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for the scoping review. A database search was conducted on an internet browser search on MEDLINE, PUBMED, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ERIC and Google search engines.

Results: A total of five articles met the inclusion criteria. Most of the schools in the study did not have special facilities or running water to accommodate basic infection control procedures.

Conclusion: Collaboration between policymakers, specialists of spina bifida and infection control in the health sector, the Association of Spina Bifida, specialists in spina bifida under the Department of Education and researchers is needed to improve the lives of LSB through infection control.

Contribution: The study will contribute to the improvement of training of staff working with LSB and the need for more research.

背景:尽管脊柱裂的发病率很高,而且对学习者个人的影响也很大,但有关在学校环境中如何进行感染控制的信息却很有限:本次范围界定审查旨在对全球脊柱裂患者(LSB)学校感染控制计划的证据进行摸底:本综述采用乔安娜-布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute)的方法进行范围界定综述。通过互联网浏览器在 MEDLINE、PUBMED、EBSCOhost、Google Scholar、ERIC 和 Google 搜索引擎上进行数据库搜索:共有五篇文章符合纳入标准。研究中的大多数学校都没有专门的设施或自来水来满足基本的感染控制程序:结论:需要政策制定者、卫生部门的脊柱裂和感染控制专家、脊柱裂协会、教育部的脊柱裂专家和研究人员通力合作,通过感染控制改善脊柱裂患者的生活:贡献:这项研究将有助于改善对从事脊柱裂患者工作的人员的培训,并有助于满足开展更多研究的需要。
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引用次数: 0
Nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy in Ghana. 加纳脑瘫儿童的营养状况。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1335
Israt Jahan, Risad Sultana, Francis Laryea, Samuel Kofi Amponsah, Frederick Inkum Danquah, Mohammad Muhit, Sk Md Kamrul Bashar, Hayley Smithers-Sheedy, Sarah McIntyre, Nadia Badawi, Gulam Khandaker

Background: Limited knowledge on nutritional epidemiology in Ghanaian children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) necessitates a comprehensive investigation for an improved understanding of malnutrition in this population.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the epidemiology of malnutrition among children with CP in Ghana.

Methods: The study used data collected as part of the Ghana CP Register (GCPR). The GCPR is an institution-based surveillance of children with CP aged < 18 years in Ghana. Between October 2018 and April 2020, N = 455 children with CP were registered. Data were collected on (i) weight, length or height, mid-upper-arm-circumference of children with CP; (ii) socio-demographic characteristics; (iii) motor type and topography, gross motor function classification system level (GMFCS); (iv) associated impairments; (v) educational and rehabilitation status for each child. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed.

Results: Mean and standard deviation age of the registered children at assessment was 5.9 ± 4.1 years, and 42.1% were female. Two-thirds of the children had ≥ one form of undernutrition (underweight or severely underweight: 38.9%, stunted or severely stunted: 51.2%, thin or severely thin: 23.8%). In the adjusted analysis, low maternal education, GMFCS-IV, speech impairment and epilepsy significantly increased the odds of undernutrition among participating children (aOR: 2.6 [95% CI:1.3-5.4]; 2.2 [95% CI:1.0-4.8]; 2.0 [95% CI:1.1-3.6]; 2.9 [95% CI:1.1-7.5] respectively).

Conclusions: The high malnutrition rate indicates an urgent need for nutrition interventions and translational research to improve nutritional status and prevent adverse outcomes among children with CP in Ghana.

Contribution: Our study contributes important data and a framework to develop guidelines and evidence-based interventions for children with CP in Ghana.

背景:对加纳脑瘫儿童营养流行病学的了解有限,因此有必要进行全面调查,以更好地了解这一人群的营养不良状况:对加纳脑瘫(CP)儿童营养流行病学的了解有限,因此有必要进行全面调查,以加深对这一人群营养不良状况的了解:我们旨在描述加纳脑瘫儿童营养不良的流行病学:研究使用了作为加纳 CP 登记(GCPR)一部分收集的数据。GCPR 是对加纳年龄小于 18 岁的 CP 儿童进行的一项基于机构的监测。2018年10月至2020年4月期间,共登记了N = 455名患有CP的儿童。收集的数据包括:(i) CP 儿童的体重、身长或身高、中上臂围;(ii) 社会人口特征;(iii) 运动类型和地形、粗大运动功能分类系统级别(GMFCS);(iv) 相关损伤;(v) 每个儿童的教育和康复状况。对这些数据进行了描述性分析和双变量分析:接受评估时登记儿童的平均年龄为(5.9 ± 4.1)岁,标准差为(5.9 ± 4.1)岁,42.1%为女性。三分之二的儿童存在≥一种形式的营养不良(体重不足或严重不足:38.9%;发育迟缓或严重发育迟缓:51.2%;瘦弱或严重瘦弱:23.8%)。在调整分析中,母亲教育程度低、GMFCS-IV、语言障碍和癫痫会显著增加参与儿童营养不良的几率(aOR:分别为 2.6 [95% CI:1.3-5.4];2.2 [95% CI:1.0-4.8];2.0 [95% CI:1.1-3.6];2.9 [95% CI:1.1-7.5]):高营养不良率表明加纳迫切需要营养干预和转化研究,以改善CP儿童的营养状况并预防不良后果:我们的研究提供了重要的数据和框架,有助于为加纳的 CP 儿童制定指南和循证干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of fatigue on people with multiple sclerosis in Morocco. 疲劳对摩洛哥多发性硬化症患者的影响。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1376
Rachid Lotfi, Hind Bel Amgharia, Sami Ennaciri, Mourad Chikhaoui, Abdeslam El Kardoudi, Fatiha Chigr

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), fatigue is among the leading clinical symptoms. It is one of the most disabling symptoms for most MS people.

Objectives: This research measures the prevalence of fatigue and its impact on the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial abilities of individuals with MS in Morocco.

Method: This cross-sectional and descriptive study included 152 participants. Data were collected via an online survey using the snowball method, incorporating sociodemographic characteristics and the Arabic version of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.

Results: According to the results, 89.4% of respondents experienced pathological fatigue, with an average score of 65.52 (± 18.00). There was a significant relationship between pathological fatigue, age (p = 0.0324), and clinical phenotype (p = 0.041). Fatigue negatively impacted participants' physical, cognitive, and psychological capacities, with average scores of 70.38 (± 8.15), 62.28 (± 10.23), and 73.87 (± 1.86), respectively.

Conclusion: The results of our study confirmed a high prevalence of fatigue among people with MS in Morocco. Sustained research in this field remains crucial, as it enables the formulation of strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of life for those impacted by MS.

Contribution: This study is the first in Morocco to examine fatigue prevalence in people with MS and its impact on their physical, cognitive, and psychosocial abilities. High fatigue levels hinder the integration of people with MS into professional and student life. The findings emphasize the need for effective symptom and fatigue management.

背景:多发性硬化症(MS多发性硬化症(MS)的主要临床症状之一是疲劳。它是大多数多发性硬化症患者致残率最高的症状之一:本研究测量了摩洛哥多发性硬化症患者的疲劳发生率及其对身体、认知和社会心理能力的影响:这项横断面描述性研究包括 152 名参与者。数据是通过在线调查收集的,采用滚雪球法,纳入了社会人口学特征和阿拉伯语版的 "改良疲劳影响量表":结果显示,89.4% 的受访者经历过病理性疲劳,平均得分 65.52(± 18.00)分。病态疲劳与年龄(p = 0.0324)和临床表型(p = 0.041)之间存在明显关系。疲劳对参与者的身体、认知和心理能力产生了负面影响,平均得分分别为 70.38(± 8.15)分、62.28(± 10.23)分和 73.87(± 1.86)分:我们的研究结果证实,在摩洛哥,多发性硬化症患者的疲劳发生率很高。该领域的持续研究至关重要,因为它有助于制定旨在提高多发性硬化症患者生活质量的策略:这项研究是摩洛哥首次对多发性硬化症患者的疲劳程度及其对身体、认知和社会心理能力的影响进行研究。高疲劳度阻碍了多发性硬化症患者融入职业和学生生活。研究结果强调了有效控制症状和疲劳的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Women with disabilities' use of maternal care services in sub-Saharan Africa. 撒哈拉以南非洲残疾妇女使用孕产妇护理服务的情况。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1327
Sara H Rotenberg, Calum Davey, Emily McFadden

Background: Quality maternal health care is central to the Sustainable Development Goals efforts to reduce maternal mortality, yet there remain limited quantitative data on maternal care inequities for women with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objectives: This study aims to understand the differences in maternal care providers for women with and without disabilities.

Method: We used Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from 13 sub-Saharan African countries conducted between 2017-2020. We used logistic and multinomial logistic regression to examine the relationship between disability (Washington Group definition) and antenatal care attendance and the type of care provider for antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and postnatal and postpartum checks. All analyses were adjusted for age, wealth, country, and location.

Results: The sample included 10 021 women, including 306 (3.1%) women with disabilities. There were small absolute and no relative differences in antenatal care attendance, qualified antenatal care provider, postnatal, and postpartum checks, for disabled and women without disabilities. Women with disabilities had some evidence of higher odds of having a doctor at their birth compared to women without disabilities (aOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.99-2.33).

Conclusion: This study shows small absolute and no relative differences between women with and without disabilities for antenatal access and provider types for maternal care, though these findings are limited by a small sample and no data on care quality, acceptability, or outcomes. More research on care quality and outcomes is needed.

Contribution: This study is the first quantitative, multi-country study in sub-Saharan Africa to examine maternal care seeking patterns, demonstrating important data on maternal health indicators for women with disabilities.

背景:优质孕产妇保健是可持续发展目标降低孕产妇死亡率工作的核心:优质的孕产妇保健是可持续发展目标降低孕产妇死亡率工作的核心,但撒哈拉以南非洲地区有关残疾妇女孕产妇保健不平等的定量数据仍然有限:本研究旨在了解残疾妇女和非残疾妇女在孕产妇保健提供者方面的差异:我们使用了 2017-2020 年间在 13 个撒哈拉以南非洲国家进行的多指标类集调查。我们使用逻辑回归和多项式逻辑回归来研究残疾(华盛顿小组定义)与产前护理就诊率之间的关系,以及产前护理、熟练助产护理、产后和产后检查的护理提供者类型之间的关系。所有分析均根据年龄、财富、国家和地点进行了调整:样本包括 10 021 名妇女,其中包括 306 名残疾妇女(3.1%)。残疾妇女和非残疾妇女在产前检查就诊率、合格产前检查提供者、产后检查和产后检查方面的绝对差异很小,没有相对差异。有证据表明,与非残疾妇女相比,残疾妇女在分娩时有医生在场的几率更高(aOR = 1.52,95% CI:0.99-2.33):这项研究表明,残疾妇女和非残疾妇女在产前就医和孕产妇护理服务提供者类型方面的绝对差异较小,没有相对差异,但由于样本较少,且没有关于护理质量、可接受性或结果的数据,这些研究结果受到了限制。需要对护理质量和结果进行更多的研究:本研究是撒哈拉以南非洲地区首个对孕产妇就医模式进行研究的多国定量研究,展示了有关残疾妇女孕产妇健康指标的重要数据。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring perceptions of sexuality among youth with physical disabilities in Gweru, Zimbabwe 探索津巴布韦格韦鲁身体残疾青年对性的看法
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1363
Tapson Mashanyare, T. Garutsa, Kiran Odhav
Background: Disability and sexuality are topical issues although they are not given much-deserved attention in most societies, and Zimbabwe is not an exception. The socio-cultural stigma associated with disability adversely impacts sexuality and seeps into the social existence of youth with disability. Youths with disability are assumed to be hypersexual or asexual.Objectives: This article explores the sexuality views and experiences of youth with disability in the context of the negative stigma associated with disability and sexuality in Gweru, Zimbabwe.Method: Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among 20 Gweru youth (18–35 years old) with physical disabilities and five key informants. Perceptions of youth with disability and socio-cultural assumptions regarding their sexuality were analysed.Results: The study established that most youths with disability faced social closure in terms of sexuality, with sparse offerings of sexuality education in their families. One sexual education theme that emerged from this study is sexual abstinence. Some suggestions of more open forms of communication on sexuality and disability also emerged although as a minority view.Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that, most youth feel that they are denied information on sexuality in their families and communities, as they are wrongfully assumed to have no need for it. However, youths with disability do not passively accept the negative perceptions about their sexuality, and they demonstrate their agency in resisting such negative perceptions.Contribution: The study contributes to knowledge on sexuality and disability among youths with disability in contexts where strong traditional beliefs, myths, and misconceptions exist.
背景:残疾和性行为是一个热门话题,但在大多数社会中,它们并没有得到应有的重视,津巴布韦也不例外。与残疾相关的社会文化污名对性行为产生了不利影响,并渗入到残疾青年的社会生活中。残疾青年被认为是性欲亢进或无性:本文探讨了津巴布韦格韦鲁残疾青年在与残疾和性相关的负面污名背景下的性观点和性经验:对 20 名格韦鲁肢体残疾青年(18-35 岁)和五名主要信息提供者进行了半结构化访谈和焦点小组讨论。对残疾青年的看法以及社会文化对其性行为的假设进行了分析:研究发现,大多数残疾青年在性问题上面临社会封闭,其家庭很少提供性教育。本研究得出的一个性教育主题是禁欲。此外,还提出了一些关于性与残疾问题的更开放交流形式的建议,但这只是少数观点:研究得出的结论是,大多数青少年认为他们在家庭和社区中被剥夺了有关性的信息,因为他们被错误地认为不需要这些信息。然而,残疾青年并没有被动地接受对其性行为的负面看法,他们在抵制这些负面看法方面表现出了自己的能动性:贡献:本研究有助于加深人们对残疾青少年的性与残疾问题的了解,因为在这种环境中,存在着强烈的传统观念、神话和误解。
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引用次数: 0
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African Journal of Disability
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