Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2022.2087845
Tamer Eljufout, N. Hadadin, A. Haddad, Fadi Alhomaidat
ABSTRACT Rebound hammer (RH) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique that has a significant role in the field assessment of ancient and modern buildings made of natural stones. This study aims to establish correlation models for utilising the RH technique in evaluating weathered limestone walls and to provide an efficient in-situ assessment. Compressive and RH tests were conducted for four types of building limestones: Ruwaished Hard, Ruwaished Soft, Hallabat, and Ma’an, including nine specimens for each type with dimensions of 15 × 15 × 15 cm and two real-scale weathered stone walls with dimensions of 100 × 200 cm. Based on the experimental tests, regression analyses were conducted between the RH values, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity. The established power-based correlation models had high coefficients of determination. For validation purposes, real-scale weathered stone walls were evaluated using the RH test, the mechanical properties were underestimated and affected by Stone Units’ surface roughness and weathering degrees. However, the established models give conservative estimations and can be used with sufficient accuracy for an in-situ evaluation of limestone structures. Further investigations are necessary to enhance models’ validity for various stone types by combining other NDTs and considering different weathering factors.
{"title":"Correlation models for utilising rebound hammer technique in evaluating weathered limestone walls","authors":"Tamer Eljufout, N. Hadadin, A. Haddad, Fadi Alhomaidat","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2022.2087845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2022.2087845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rebound hammer (RH) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique that has a significant role in the field assessment of ancient and modern buildings made of natural stones. This study aims to establish correlation models for utilising the RH technique in evaluating weathered limestone walls and to provide an efficient in-situ assessment. Compressive and RH tests were conducted for four types of building limestones: Ruwaished Hard, Ruwaished Soft, Hallabat, and Ma’an, including nine specimens for each type with dimensions of 15 × 15 × 15 cm and two real-scale weathered stone walls with dimensions of 100 × 200 cm. Based on the experimental tests, regression analyses were conducted between the RH values, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity. The established power-based correlation models had high coefficients of determination. For validation purposes, real-scale weathered stone walls were evaluated using the RH test, the mechanical properties were underestimated and affected by Stone Units’ surface roughness and weathering degrees. However, the established models give conservative estimations and can be used with sufficient accuracy for an in-situ evaluation of limestone structures. Further investigations are necessary to enhance models’ validity for various stone types by combining other NDTs and considering different weathering factors.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81189587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2022.2070958
Omar El Gendy, Ezzaat A. Sallam, M. Mohamedien
ABSTRACT A numerical formulation was carried out in this paper to produce the tangent stiffness matrix for two-nodal tapered Timoshenko beam-column elements for geometrically nonlinear analysis. The proposed solution is based on the exact shape functions and their derivatives describing the non-uniformity of the element properties. The section properties were presented as exponential functions with tapering indices to illustrate the variations in section properties along the tapered element length. The model is applicable for elements with different solid and hollow cross-sections. The proposed formulation is embedded into a Visual Basic code to carry out the analysis accompanied by many examples for validating its accuracy and efficiency. The model results are compared with those of commercial software and cited references that showed high accurate results with a small number of elements.
{"title":"Finite element formulation of Timoshenko tapered beam-column element for large displacement analysis based on the exact shape functions","authors":"Omar El Gendy, Ezzaat A. Sallam, M. Mohamedien","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2022.2070958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2022.2070958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A numerical formulation was carried out in this paper to produce the tangent stiffness matrix for two-nodal tapered Timoshenko beam-column elements for geometrically nonlinear analysis. The proposed solution is based on the exact shape functions and their derivatives describing the non-uniformity of the element properties. The section properties were presented as exponential functions with tapering indices to illustrate the variations in section properties along the tapered element length. The model is applicable for elements with different solid and hollow cross-sections. The proposed formulation is embedded into a Visual Basic code to carry out the analysis accompanied by many examples for validating its accuracy and efficiency. The model results are compared with those of commercial software and cited references that showed high accurate results with a small number of elements.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80370315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2022.2079165
H. Saleh, R. Kalfat, Kamiran Abduka, R. Al-Mahaidi
ABSTRACT Punching shear strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs can be required due to increased loads or design/construction defect. One of the more effective punching shear strengthening solutions, which has shown promising results is the use of post-installed L-shaped carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (L-CFRP) laminates bonded into predrilled holes through the slab in specific shear perimeter arrangements around the column. This paper presents an extensive finite element analysis (FEA) into RC slabs strengthened in punching shear using L-CFRP laminates. FEA models were developed using an existing experimental study as the baseline. After successful model calibration, parametric studies were used to explore the influence of critical parameters such as the concrete strength (32, 40 and 60 MPa) and the number of shear perimeters on the resulting punching shear capacity. In total, four RC slabs were modelled including an unstrengthened control specimen and an additional three specimens with different strengthening arrangements. A bond-slip model was introduced between the CFRP and the concrete and its calibration was described in this paper. Simulation results are compared with the experimental results in terms of load–deflection behaviour, FRP strains and crack patterns. The predicted peak loads calculated from the design codes and critical shear crack theory (CSCT) are compared and discussed in conjunction with the experimental and FEA results. The failure mode for the slabs were also compared with design codes and CSCT theory predictions. The study demonstrated the FEA results to have a good agreement with the experimental results in terms of load deflection behaviour, failure mode and L-CFRP strains.
{"title":"Finite element modelling of RC slabs strengthened against punching shear with L-CFRP laminates","authors":"H. Saleh, R. Kalfat, Kamiran Abduka, R. Al-Mahaidi","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2022.2079165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2022.2079165","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Punching shear strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs can be required due to increased loads or design/construction defect. One of the more effective punching shear strengthening solutions, which has shown promising results is the use of post-installed L-shaped carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (L-CFRP) laminates bonded into predrilled holes through the slab in specific shear perimeter arrangements around the column. This paper presents an extensive finite element analysis (FEA) into RC slabs strengthened in punching shear using L-CFRP laminates. FEA models were developed using an existing experimental study as the baseline. After successful model calibration, parametric studies were used to explore the influence of critical parameters such as the concrete strength (32, 40 and 60 MPa) and the number of shear perimeters on the resulting punching shear capacity. In total, four RC slabs were modelled including an unstrengthened control specimen and an additional three specimens with different strengthening arrangements. A bond-slip model was introduced between the CFRP and the concrete and its calibration was described in this paper. Simulation results are compared with the experimental results in terms of load–deflection behaviour, FRP strains and crack patterns. The predicted peak loads calculated from the design codes and critical shear crack theory (CSCT) are compared and discussed in conjunction with the experimental and FEA results. The failure mode for the slabs were also compared with design codes and CSCT theory predictions. The study demonstrated the FEA results to have a good agreement with the experimental results in terms of load deflection behaviour, failure mode and L-CFRP strains.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73757454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2022.2073954
C. Liu, Xizhi Wu, Xianjun Li, Yiqiang Wu
ABSTRACT Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates can significantly improve the flexural performance of the bamboo scrimber. This study evaluated the effects of three fabrication methods (one-time hot pressing, secondary hot pressing, and secondary cold pressing) on the flexural performance of CFRP-bamboo scrimber composites. Four-point bending experiments and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the failure modes, flexural performance, load-displacement relationships and strain curves over time of CFRP-bamboo scrimber composites. Besides a theoretical model was proposed to describe the flexural stiffness of CFRP-bamboo scrimber composites. The results indicated that the CFRP-bamboo scrimber composite specimens demonstrated four failure modes depending on the treatment methods. Overall, the static flexural modulus of the one-time hot pressed specimens was superior (up to 1.93 times that of the untreated bamboo scrimber specimen), and the static flexural strength of the secondary cold pressing specimens was superior (up to 3.58 times greater than that of the untreated bamboo scrimber specimen), although neither the static flexural modulus nor the static flexural strength of the secondary hot pressing specimens was satisfactory. Finally, it was illustrated that the theoretical models, established to describe the load-displacement, could accurately predict the experimental results.
{"title":"Investigation into the effects of various processing treatments on the flexural performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer-bamboo scrimber composites","authors":"C. Liu, Xizhi Wu, Xianjun Li, Yiqiang Wu","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2022.2073954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2022.2073954","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates can significantly improve the flexural performance of the bamboo scrimber. This study evaluated the effects of three fabrication methods (one-time hot pressing, secondary hot pressing, and secondary cold pressing) on the flexural performance of CFRP-bamboo scrimber composites. Four-point bending experiments and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the failure modes, flexural performance, load-displacement relationships and strain curves over time of CFRP-bamboo scrimber composites. Besides a theoretical model was proposed to describe the flexural stiffness of CFRP-bamboo scrimber composites. The results indicated that the CFRP-bamboo scrimber composite specimens demonstrated four failure modes depending on the treatment methods. Overall, the static flexural modulus of the one-time hot pressed specimens was superior (up to 1.93 times that of the untreated bamboo scrimber specimen), and the static flexural strength of the secondary cold pressing specimens was superior (up to 3.58 times greater than that of the untreated bamboo scrimber specimen), although neither the static flexural modulus nor the static flexural strength of the secondary hot pressing specimens was satisfactory. Finally, it was illustrated that the theoretical models, established to describe the load-displacement, could accurately predict the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78224464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2022.2075136
Chandrasekhar Reddy K, R. N
ABSTRACT The majority of the world’s waste does not go through the recycling process. Moreover, in the suburbs, waste growth and disposal impose a significant risk to the environment. Two distinct waste materials, such as palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA), are used as basic materials in this research, with weight fractions of 0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0%, and 25.0%, respectively, to substitute for grade 50 MPa concrete. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, tensile and compressive strength of hybrid reinforced blended concrete were examined in the primary phase at 28 days of age. The study proposed an alternative mixture for each hybrid fibre combination. The durable properties such as sorptivity, saturated water absorption, acid resistance, and sulphate resistance of quaternary blended concrete with optimum hybrid materials were studied in the secondary phase. From the experimental investigation, mechanical properties are enhanced, and higher compressive and flexural strength are achieved as 64 MPa and 7.93 MPa in addition to 20% POFA and SCBA particles. The durable properties of quaternary blended concrete are enhanced properties due to the addition of hybrid materials.
{"title":"Experimental Studies on Durability and Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete using POFA and SCBA hybridization","authors":"Chandrasekhar Reddy K, R. N","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2022.2075136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2022.2075136","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The majority of the world’s waste does not go through the recycling process. Moreover, in the suburbs, waste growth and disposal impose a significant risk to the environment. Two distinct waste materials, such as palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA), are used as basic materials in this research, with weight fractions of 0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0%, and 25.0%, respectively, to substitute for grade 50 MPa concrete. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, tensile and compressive strength of hybrid reinforced blended concrete were examined in the primary phase at 28 days of age. The study proposed an alternative mixture for each hybrid fibre combination. The durable properties such as sorptivity, saturated water absorption, acid resistance, and sulphate resistance of quaternary blended concrete with optimum hybrid materials were studied in the secondary phase. From the experimental investigation, mechanical properties are enhanced, and higher compressive and flexural strength are achieved as 64 MPa and 7.93 MPa in addition to 20% POFA and SCBA particles. The durable properties of quaternary blended concrete are enhanced properties due to the addition of hybrid materials.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84927003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2022.2070112
A. Habibi, M. Izadpanah, Yaser Namdar
ABSTRACT Pushover analysis is a nonlinear procedure that is widely used as the primary tool for the nonlinear analysis of structures. In the conventional pushover method, the fundamental mode of the structure is selected as the dominant response mode of the multi degree of freedom (MDOF) system while neglecting the influence of higher modes. It has been proved that for many structures, higher vibration mode effects should be considered to boost the outcomes of the pushover analysis. In this study, a new Modal Load Pattern (MLP) is developed to improve pushover analysis procedure in estimating nonlinear responses of structures. For this purpose, MLP is defined by the directed algebraic combination of the weighted vibration mode-shape vectors of the structure. The weights of modes are determined using an optimisation algorithm such that the difference between the nonlinear responses of the structure under MLP and1 those of nonlinear time-history analysis is reduced to the minimum possible value. Comparing the outcomes of MLP with some well-known lateral load distributions shows that the proposed method increases the accuracy of responses resulting from pushover analysis. It is illustrated that against elastic behaviour, in the inelastic range of structural behaviour, it is likely that higher modes have a significant effect on the optimal lateral load distribution.
{"title":"A new modal lateral load pattern for improving pushover analysis to estimate nonlinear responses of structures","authors":"A. Habibi, M. Izadpanah, Yaser Namdar","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2022.2070112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2022.2070112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pushover analysis is a nonlinear procedure that is widely used as the primary tool for the nonlinear analysis of structures. In the conventional pushover method, the fundamental mode of the structure is selected as the dominant response mode of the multi degree of freedom (MDOF) system while neglecting the influence of higher modes. It has been proved that for many structures, higher vibration mode effects should be considered to boost the outcomes of the pushover analysis. In this study, a new Modal Load Pattern (MLP) is developed to improve pushover analysis procedure in estimating nonlinear responses of structures. For this purpose, MLP is defined by the directed algebraic combination of the weighted vibration mode-shape vectors of the structure. The weights of modes are determined using an optimisation algorithm such that the difference between the nonlinear responses of the structure under MLP and1 those of nonlinear time-history analysis is reduced to the minimum possible value. Comparing the outcomes of MLP with some well-known lateral load distributions shows that the proposed method increases the accuracy of responses resulting from pushover analysis. It is illustrated that against elastic behaviour, in the inelastic range of structural behaviour, it is likely that higher modes have a significant effect on the optimal lateral load distribution.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87638942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2022.2066610
S. Fernando, Jessey Lee, Y. Oktavianus
ABSTRACT A hydraulic load cell is a simple onsite load measurement device for quality assurance of structural fasteners. While these load cells can be used to establish torque-tension relationship, due to their reduced stiffness compared to electronic load cells, prominent standards such as EN14399-2 prevents the use of hydraulic load cells in bolt assemblies testing where nut rotational angle is also of importance. Since the significant angular parameter used in EN14399-2 is a difference of two angles, it can be argued that when the difference of angle is considered, the reduced stiffness effect of hydraulic load cell could be negated. This paper provides both theoretical and experimental validation of using an electronic and a hydraulic load cell to carry out the fit-for-purpose assembly test as prescribed in EN14399-2. Results show that a hydraulic load cell can be used as a simple onsite screening test to improve quality assurance of structural bolt assemblies on construction sites. The Australian Standard for fastener assemblies AS/NZS 1252:2016 requires a test regime to ensure the supplied bolts are suitable for its intended application. The methodology developed in this paper maybe used to screen the quality of the supplied fasteners on-site before being used in the assembly.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental validation of the use of hydraulic load cells in fit-for-purpose assessment of structural bolt assemblies","authors":"S. Fernando, Jessey Lee, Y. Oktavianus","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2022.2066610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2022.2066610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A hydraulic load cell is a simple onsite load measurement device for quality assurance of structural fasteners. While these load cells can be used to establish torque-tension relationship, due to their reduced stiffness compared to electronic load cells, prominent standards such as EN14399-2 prevents the use of hydraulic load cells in bolt assemblies testing where nut rotational angle is also of importance. Since the significant angular parameter used in EN14399-2 is a difference of two angles, it can be argued that when the difference of angle is considered, the reduced stiffness effect of hydraulic load cell could be negated. This paper provides both theoretical and experimental validation of using an electronic and a hydraulic load cell to carry out the fit-for-purpose assembly test as prescribed in EN14399-2. Results show that a hydraulic load cell can be used as a simple onsite screening test to improve quality assurance of structural bolt assemblies on construction sites. The Australian Standard for fastener assemblies AS/NZS 1252:2016 requires a test regime to ensure the supplied bolts are suitable for its intended application. The methodology developed in this paper maybe used to screen the quality of the supplied fasteners on-site before being used in the assembly.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84314048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2022.2060546
Mahes P. Rajakaruna, V. Vimonsatit, K. Wong
ABSTRACT Existing reinforced concrete inverted-U beam bridges in Western Australia built using standard beams designed by Public Works Department between 1957 and 1969 were found to have reinforcement anchorage detail at supports not adequate when assessed using recent design standards. Tests were carried out on six full-size bridge beams recovered from a bridge scheduled for replacement to determine whether the deficient detailing adversely affects the shear capacities of these beams. These beams were the longest of the series designed in 1957. In addition, the mean shear strengths of the five bridge beams to AS 5100.5–2004 and to the most recent design standard AS 5100.5–2017 were determined and these were compared with their corresponding test values. It was found from testing that the detail does not affect the shear strength much. The predicted mean shear capacities using AS 5100.5–2017 were found to be more conservative than the corresponding values using AS 5100.5–2004. This suggests the likelihood of low load ratings for shear using the latest design standard (based on the Modified Compression Field Theory) for existing reinforced concrete bridges designed to previous standards.
{"title":"Shear capacity of inverted-U reinforced concrete bridge beams","authors":"Mahes P. Rajakaruna, V. Vimonsatit, K. Wong","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2022.2060546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2022.2060546","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Existing reinforced concrete inverted-U beam bridges in Western Australia built using standard beams designed by Public Works Department between 1957 and 1969 were found to have reinforcement anchorage detail at supports not adequate when assessed using recent design standards. Tests were carried out on six full-size bridge beams recovered from a bridge scheduled for replacement to determine whether the deficient detailing adversely affects the shear capacities of these beams. These beams were the longest of the series designed in 1957. In addition, the mean shear strengths of the five bridge beams to AS 5100.5–2004 and to the most recent design standard AS 5100.5–2017 were determined and these were compared with their corresponding test values. It was found from testing that the detail does not affect the shear strength much. The predicted mean shear capacities using AS 5100.5–2017 were found to be more conservative than the corresponding values using AS 5100.5–2004. This suggests the likelihood of low load ratings for shear using the latest design standard (based on the Modified Compression Field Theory) for existing reinforced concrete bridges designed to previous standards.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73193576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2021.2019886
J. Lee, A. Amirsardari, L. Pham, E. Gad
ABSTRACT The adaptation of the design rules from one country for use in another country is becoming more frequent with growing international trade. For construction products, an individual country, however, still requires conformity assessment of the design rules to its own building regulation. Direct adoption of the design rule is usually not feasible due to differences in design format and material properties specifications. This paper demonstrates the process of adaptation of international design procedures to develop the Australian Standard AS 5216 for metal anchors (fasteners) in concrete. The original European design provisions has been adapted for Australian use. The paper outlines what factors need to be considered in the adaptation process for international harmonisation of structural design for metal anchors in concrete. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the workability ofBV1 Verification Method in the Australian National Construction Code (NCC) and its limitations for the purpose of demonstration of conformity.
{"title":"Methodology for development of AS 5216 using international harmonisation of construction products standard","authors":"J. Lee, A. Amirsardari, L. Pham, E. Gad","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2021.2019886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2021.2019886","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The adaptation of the design rules from one country for use in another country is becoming more frequent with growing international trade. For construction products, an individual country, however, still requires conformity assessment of the design rules to its own building regulation. Direct adoption of the design rule is usually not feasible due to differences in design format and material properties specifications. This paper demonstrates the process of adaptation of international design procedures to develop the Australian Standard AS 5216 for metal anchors (fasteners) in concrete. The original European design provisions has been adapted for Australian use. The paper outlines what factors need to be considered in the adaptation process for international harmonisation of structural design for metal anchors in concrete. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the workability ofBV1 Verification Method in the Australian National Construction Code (NCC) and its limitations for the purpose of demonstration of conformity.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82357867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/13287982.2021.2012388
Chanchal Sonkar, A. Mittal
ABSTRACT Load-bearing cold-formed steel (CFS) wall panels comprise of a stud (C-section), track (U-section) and sheathing. Sheathing is fastened to the CFS frame with self-drilling screws, which has an effect on the axial load-carrying capacity of panels. Experiments are complex and often expensive as they require use of different resources (raw material, manpower etc.). Therefore, conducting experiments is not always possible and an efficient design tool is necessary. Few studies are present in literature on comparing the effectiveness of available design methodologies. For the first time, an attempt is made to compare all the three (03) presented mathematical models together to predict the axial strength of CFS wall panels with sheathing. The present study examines the effectiveness of such analytical/semi-analytical tools, namely, Rayleigh-Ritz (R-R) method, Differential equation of equilibrium (DEEq) method and Constrained and Unconstrained Finite Strip Method – Direct Strength Method (CUFSM-DSM) for estimation of axial load-carrying capacity of sheathed CFS panels. The results show that CUFSM-DSM can be utilized meritoriously for evaluation of sheathed CFS wall panels.
{"title":"Comparative study of analytical/semi-analytical methods for prediction of axial strength of cold-formed steel wall panels with sheathing","authors":"Chanchal Sonkar, A. Mittal","doi":"10.1080/13287982.2021.2012388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2021.2012388","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Load-bearing cold-formed steel (CFS) wall panels comprise of a stud (C-section), track (U-section) and sheathing. Sheathing is fastened to the CFS frame with self-drilling screws, which has an effect on the axial load-carrying capacity of panels. Experiments are complex and often expensive as they require use of different resources (raw material, manpower etc.). Therefore, conducting experiments is not always possible and an efficient design tool is necessary. Few studies are present in literature on comparing the effectiveness of available design methodologies. For the first time, an attempt is made to compare all the three (03) presented mathematical models together to predict the axial strength of CFS wall panels with sheathing. The present study examines the effectiveness of such analytical/semi-analytical tools, namely, Rayleigh-Ritz (R-R) method, Differential equation of equilibrium (DEEq) method and Constrained and Unconstrained Finite Strip Method – Direct Strength Method (CUFSM-DSM) for estimation of axial load-carrying capacity of sheathed CFS panels. The results show that CUFSM-DSM can be utilized meritoriously for evaluation of sheathed CFS wall panels.","PeriodicalId":45617,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86980661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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