Abstract There are passages in the Hebrew Bible in which the translation of the Hebrew G-stem verb ḥāṭā’ as »to miss, fail to attain« makes better sense than its otherwise dominant meaning »to sin.« Though modern Hebrew lexica allow for the occasional meaning of »to miss,« many modern translations fail to consider »to miss« and insist on »to sin.« The article examines eleven instances in the Bible where »to miss, fail to attain,« makes better sense than the traditional »to sin,« especially in the Wisdom literature.
{"title":"Hebrew ḥāṭā’ in the G-Stem: »to Miss« or »to Sin«?","authors":"R. Clifford","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2022-2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2022-2005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are passages in the Hebrew Bible in which the translation of the Hebrew G-stem verb ḥāṭā’ as »to miss, fail to attain« makes better sense than its otherwise dominant meaning »to sin.« Though modern Hebrew lexica allow for the occasional meaning of »to miss,« many modern translations fail to consider »to miss« and insist on »to sin.« The article examines eleven instances in the Bible where »to miss, fail to attain,« makes better sense than the traditional »to sin,« especially in the Wisdom literature.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"134 1","pages":"230 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49597290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Die gegenwärtige Forschung sieht den ältesten Baustein des Kulteinheitsgesetzes zumeist in Dtn 12,13–19. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass dies (wie auch ein Textanfang mit 12,8–12) aus sprachlichen und sachlichen Gründen nicht plausibel ist. Analytisch erweisen sich zudem die vermeintlichen Dubletten in 12,1–19 als pragmatisch erforderliche Entfaltungen des Gesetzes auf der Ebene des DtrG. Darüber hinaus erschließt sich der großflächige Numeruswechsel in Dtn 12 als strukturell stimmig. Demgegenüber hat der Abschnitt 12,20–28 (neben diversen punktuellen Interpolationen) als jüngere Ergänzung zu gelten. Das DtrG als primärer Kontext des Grundtextes schließt eine ältere deuteronomische Vorlage nicht per se aus, da der literargeschichtliche Befund für einen solchen Rückschluss nachweislich nicht hinreicht.
{"title":"Die Forderung nach Kulteinheit. Beobachtungen zu Struktur und Genese von Dtn 12","authors":"Sang-won Lee","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2022-2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2022-2001","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Die gegenwärtige Forschung sieht den ältesten Baustein des Kulteinheitsgesetzes zumeist in Dtn 12,13–19. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass dies (wie auch ein Textanfang mit 12,8–12) aus sprachlichen und sachlichen Gründen nicht plausibel ist. Analytisch erweisen sich zudem die vermeintlichen Dubletten in 12,1–19 als pragmatisch erforderliche Entfaltungen des Gesetzes auf der Ebene des DtrG. Darüber hinaus erschließt sich der großflächige Numeruswechsel in Dtn 12 als strukturell stimmig. Demgegenüber hat der Abschnitt 12,20–28 (neben diversen punktuellen Interpolationen) als jüngere Ergänzung zu gelten. Das DtrG als primärer Kontext des Grundtextes schließt eine ältere deuteronomische Vorlage nicht per se aus, da der literargeschichtliche Befund für einen solchen Rückschluss nachweislich nicht hinreicht.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"134 1","pages":"155 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45053234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Der Aufsatz evaluiert im ersten Teil die zunehmend vertretene These der Eigenständigkeit der Hiobdichtung gegenüber der Hioberzählung kritisch und bewertet sie als unwahrscheinlich. Der zweite Teil bietet eine knappe redaktionsgeschichtliche Analyse der Hioberzählung, um die Grundzüge der Buchwerdung des Hiobbuches darzustellen: Die ursprüngliche Hioberzählung wurde in einem zweiten Schritt um Hi 2,11–13 und die ursprüngliche Hiobdichtung erweitert und in einem dritten Schritt durch Hi 1,6–12; 2,1–10; 42,7–10 ergänzt.
{"title":"Anmerkungen zum chronologischen Verhältnis von Hioberzählung und Hiobdichtung","authors":"Walter Bührer","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Der Aufsatz evaluiert im ersten Teil die zunehmend vertretene These der Eigenständigkeit der Hiobdichtung gegenüber der Hioberzählung kritisch und bewertet sie als unwahrscheinlich. Der zweite Teil bietet eine knappe redaktionsgeschichtliche Analyse der Hioberzählung, um die Grundzüge der Buchwerdung des Hiobbuches darzustellen: Die ursprüngliche Hioberzählung wurde in einem zweiten Schritt um Hi 2,11–13 und die ursprüngliche Hiobdichtung erweitert und in einem dritten Schritt durch Hi 1,6–12; 2,1–10; 42,7–10 ergänzt.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"134 1","pages":"68 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47691694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The notion that the Torah represents a supervening »rule of law« that circumscribes the political and legal authority of the king stems from a particular Deuteronomistic scribal circle that worked long after the Davidic monarchy had ended. Using Zedekiah’s edict (Jer 34:8–22) as a case study, this paper examines how Deuteronomistic redactors recast the final normative legal act of an independent Judahite king as his pious application of Pentateuchal law.
{"title":"The Torah and the King: Zedekiah’s Edict (Jer 34) and Deuteronomistic Redaction","authors":"Dylan R. Johnson","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The notion that the Torah represents a supervening »rule of law« that circumscribes the political and legal authority of the king stems from a particular Deuteronomistic scribal circle that worked long after the Davidic monarchy had ended. Using Zedekiah’s edict (Jer 34:8–22) as a case study, this paper examines how Deuteronomistic redactors recast the final normative legal act of an independent Judahite king as his pious application of Pentateuchal law.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"134 1","pages":"40 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41850465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Within the books of Samuel and Kings, there are three royal figures who put on disguises in the final days of their reigns. This article examines the theme of disguise and how it functions in 1Sam 28, 1Kgs 14 and 1Kgs 22. Disguises serve two purposes within these texts: first, they help the characters cover up their provenance in their attempts to avoid God’s word and other people. Second, disguises also serve to reveal the characters’ attitude and intentions towards God’s prophetic word. Despite the attempts made to manipulate the prophetic word, these disguises are not only futile, but God’s word has the final say. Attention is also paid to how the motif of »disguise« helps to explain the nature of judgments that close these narratives.
{"title":"(You’re) The Devil in Disguise: The Theme of Disguise in 1 Samuel and 1 Kings","authors":"Timothy Yap","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within the books of Samuel and Kings, there are three royal figures who put on disguises in the final days of their reigns. This article examines the theme of disguise and how it functions in 1Sam 28, 1Kgs 14 and 1Kgs 22. Disguises serve two purposes within these texts: first, they help the characters cover up their provenance in their attempts to avoid God’s word and other people. Second, disguises also serve to reveal the characters’ attitude and intentions towards God’s prophetic word. Despite the attempts made to manipulate the prophetic word, these disguises are not only futile, but God’s word has the final say. Attention is also paid to how the motif of »disguise« helps to explain the nature of judgments that close these narratives.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"134 1","pages":"2 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47001851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The name »Berechiah« in Sach 1,1.7 is often regarded as the name of the father of the prophet Zechariah and part of the prophet’s patronymic information. However, it is more likely a reference to Baruch b. Neriah, the scribe symbolically associated with formation of much material in the book of Jeremiah. The present study considers the role that Baruch played in the lore associated with Jeremiah cultivated during the exilic period, and the status of Baruch as a patron saint of scribalism among the Yehudite literati of the Persian period. This, in turn, affected the redaction of reception of the developing book of Zechariah, where the name and memory of Baruch could lend authority to the work and those who shaped it.
在撒迦利亚书1:7中，“比利家”这个名字通常被认为是先知撒迦利亚父亲的名字，也是先知父姓信息的一部分。然而，它更有可能是指巴录·尼利亚(Baruch b. Neriah)，这位文士象征性地与《耶利米书》中许多材料的形成有关。本研究考虑了巴鲁克在被流放时期与耶利米有关的传说中所扮演的角色，以及巴鲁克作为波斯时期耶胡德文人抄写的守护神的地位。这反过来又影响了对《撒迦利亚书》的编辑，在这本书中，巴录的名字和记忆可以给这部作品和那些塑造它的人带来权威。
{"title":"The Name »Berechiah« in Sach 1","authors":"M. Leuchter","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The name »Berechiah« in Sach 1,1.7 is often regarded as the name of the father of the prophet Zechariah and part of the prophet’s patronymic information. However, it is more likely a reference to Baruch b. Neriah, the scribe symbolically associated with formation of much material in the book of Jeremiah. The present study considers the role that Baruch played in the lore associated with Jeremiah cultivated during the exilic period, and the status of Baruch as a patron saint of scribalism among the Yehudite literati of the Persian period. This, in turn, affected the redaction of reception of the developing book of Zechariah, where the name and memory of Baruch could lend authority to the work and those who shaped it.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"134 1","pages":"55 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46333323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zeitschriften- und Bücherschau","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42216670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Nach der überwiegend negativ verlaufenen Prüfung älterer Datierungsvorschläge für das masoretische Sondergut des Jeremiabuches im 1. Teil des Aufsatzes versucht der 2. Teil, belastbare Datierungskriterien zu erschließen. Das Alter der jüngsten noch in die alexandrinische Ausgabe des Buches eingegangenen Einheiten, die mit der Reorganisation des Buchaufbaus verbundene Umdeutung des Elamorakels 49,34–39 sowie prägende Eigenarten des masoretischen Sonderguts (konzeptionelle Abstinenz, Homogenisierung auch über die Buchgrenzen hinaus, Fehlerkonservierung, das Überleben bestimmter idiolektaler Elemente) deuten auf das 3. Jahrhundert als den Entstehungszeitraum der meisten masoretischen Sonderlesarten. Im Hinblick auf aktuelle Debatten um linguistische Datierungsmethoden gibt das Ergebnis Anlass, die Treffsicherheit solcher Verfahren eher gering einzuschätzen.
{"title":"Das Alter des masoretischen Sonderguts im Jeremiabuch (Teil 2)","authors":"Hermann-Josef Stipp","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Nach der überwiegend negativ verlaufenen Prüfung älterer Datierungsvorschläge für das masoretische Sondergut des Jeremiabuches im 1. Teil des Aufsatzes versucht der 2. Teil, belastbare Datierungskriterien zu erschließen. Das Alter der jüngsten noch in die alexandrinische Ausgabe des Buches eingegangenen Einheiten, die mit der Reorganisation des Buchaufbaus verbundene Umdeutung des Elamorakels 49,34–39 sowie prägende Eigenarten des masoretischen Sonderguts (konzeptionelle Abstinenz, Homogenisierung auch über die Buchgrenzen hinaus, Fehlerkonservierung, das Überleben bestimmter idiolektaler Elemente) deuten auf das 3. Jahrhundert als den Entstehungszeitraum der meisten masoretischen Sonderlesarten. Im Hinblick auf aktuelle Debatten um linguistische Datierungsmethoden gibt das Ergebnis Anlass, die Treffsicherheit solcher Verfahren eher gering einzuschätzen.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"134 1","pages":"15 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45921091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article demonstrates how pragmatic factors impacted the formation of the 11Q5 (11QPsa) psalter, confirming the essential interdependency between textual development, editorial processes, and physical manuscript production. I enumerate several default modes that guided the compiler and the types of editorial interventions by which he created the 11Q5 psalter. These suggest that the 11Q5 psalter was produced as a revised version of the traditional psalter, expanded and rearranged from an MT-like base text to enhance thematic, lexical, and sometimes formal connections between psalms.
{"title":"The 11Q5 Psalter as a Scribal Product: Standing at the Nexus of Textual Development, Editorial Processes, and Manuscript Production","authors":"Drew Longacre","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article demonstrates how pragmatic factors impacted the formation of the 11Q5 (11QPsa) psalter, confirming the essential interdependency between textual development, editorial processes, and physical manuscript production. I enumerate several default modes that guided the compiler and the types of editorial interventions by which he created the 11Q5 psalter. These suggest that the 11Q5 psalter was produced as a revised version of the traditional psalter, expanded and rearranged from an MT-like base text to enhance thematic, lexical, and sometimes formal connections between psalms.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"134 1","pages":"85 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46158746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Against Konrad Schmid’s thesis that the pre-P ancestral and Exodus traditions existed as competing origin myths that were conceptually independent from each other, this article argues that this conceptual independence is difficult to prove in the context of the ancient Israelites’ oral-written culture. Moreover, societal negotiation about the past should not be misconstrued as a sign of traditions’ conceptual independence. Competition between origin stories, or selective emphasis on one story over another, does not indicate their conceptual independence.
{"title":"Genesis and Exodus as Conceptually Independent, Competing Origin Myths?","authors":"K. Hong","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2021-4001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-4001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Against Konrad Schmid’s thesis that the pre-P ancestral and Exodus traditions existed as competing origin myths that were conceptually independent from each other, this article argues that this conceptual independence is difficult to prove in the context of the ancient Israelites’ oral-written culture. Moreover, societal negotiation about the past should not be misconstrued as a sign of traditions’ conceptual independence. Competition between origin stories, or selective emphasis on one story over another, does not indicate their conceptual independence.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"133 1","pages":"427 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44707272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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