Abstract This paper explores the transmission process of SP and the texts from which it developed. It evaluates the reliability of the transmission by means of an examination of variants attested in MT and SP attributable to graphic similarity between letters. The paper shows that if one focuses on variants that originated solely in graphic similarity between letters, SP contains primary readings in an equal number of instances as MT. These findings are consistent with the lack of evidence for scribal errors in the pre-Samaritan scrolls. Both indicate that the texts in the Samaritan and pre-Samaritan traditions were carefully transmitted.
{"title":"The Transmission of the Samaritan Pentateuch Group: A New Perspective","authors":"Hila Dayfani","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2021-2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-2001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the transmission process of SP and the texts from which it developed. It evaluates the reliability of the transmission by means of an examination of variants attested in MT and SP attributable to graphic similarity between letters. The paper shows that if one focuses on variants that originated solely in graphic similarity between letters, SP contains primary readings in an equal number of instances as MT. These findings are consistent with the lack of evidence for scribal errors in the pre-Samaritan scrolls. Both indicate that the texts in the Samaritan and pre-Samaritan traditions were carefully transmitted.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"133 1","pages":"143 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43931643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The story of the assembly at Shechem (I Reg 11, 26–28.40; 12,1–20*) was composed within a sapiential circle of literati in the Kingdom of Judah in about the mid-seventh century. Underlying the story is a subversive account that depicts sarcastically the establishment of the Israelite monarchy and ridicules the figure of Jeroboam, its founder. In essence, the setting of the new king comprises the replacement of the former Judahite taskmaster by an Israelite one. The Deuteronomist cut short the account of Jeroboam’s rebellion and inserted the episode of Ahijah and Jeroboam. Thereby, he blurred the message of the early story and fitted the sequence of events to his ideological presentation of Israel’s history.
{"title":"Replacing a Judahite with an Ephraimite taskmaster","authors":"N. Na’aman","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2021-2003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-2003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The story of the assembly at Shechem (I Reg 11, 26–28.40; 12,1–20*) was composed within a sapiential circle of literati in the Kingdom of Judah in about the mid-seventh century. Underlying the story is a subversive account that depicts sarcastically the establishment of the Israelite monarchy and ridicules the figure of Jeroboam, its founder. In essence, the setting of the new king comprises the replacement of the former Judahite taskmaster by an Israelite one. The Deuteronomist cut short the account of Jeroboam’s rebellion and inserted the episode of Ahijah and Jeroboam. Thereby, he blurred the message of the early story and fitted the sequence of events to his ideological presentation of Israel’s history.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"133 1","pages":"174 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zaw-2021-2003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42757846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article by Torleif Elgvin in ZAW 132/2 (2020): 281–300 fails in the material reconstruction of 1QSam. Considering the different width of the columns correctly, the manuscript could well have contained all parts of 2Sam 20–23 which makes further speculations superfluous.
{"title":"A Critique of Torleif Elgvin’s Reconstructions of 1QSamuel","authors":"Benjamin Ziemer","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article by Torleif Elgvin in ZAW 132/2 (2020): 281–300 fails in the material reconstruction of 1QSam. Considering the different width of the columns correctly, the manuscript could well have contained all parts of 2Sam 20–23 which makes further speculations superfluous.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"133 1","pages":"56 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zaw-2021-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43049301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Wilhelm Moses Shapira’s infamous Deuteronomy fragments have long been deemed forgeries, with Shapira himself serving as the obvious suspect. I provide new evidence that Shapira did not forge the fragments and was himself convinced of their authenticity. Indeed, the evidence for forgery is illusory. In a companion monograph, I show that the Shapira fragments are not only authentic ancient artifacts but are unprecedented in their significance: They preserve a pre-canonical antecedent of the Book of Deuteronomy.
{"title":"The Valediction of Moses: New Evidence on the Shapira Deuteronomy Fragments","authors":"Idan Dershowitz","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wilhelm Moses Shapira’s infamous Deuteronomy fragments have long been deemed forgeries, with Shapira himself serving as the obvious suspect. I provide new evidence that Shapira did not forge the fragments and was himself convinced of their authenticity. Indeed, the evidence for forgery is illusory. In a companion monograph, I show that the Shapira fragments are not only authentic ancient artifacts but are unprecedented in their significance: They preserve a pre-canonical antecedent of the Book of Deuteronomy.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"133 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zaw-2021-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45303147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There is no space in the innermost part of the 1QSam scroll to include 2Sam 24. The last three columns (2Sam 20–23) can be materially reconstructed with 46, 42, or 21 lines. With one of the eight literary appendices to 2Samuel missing, other appendices may be absent too. A number of factors point to a reconstruction with 21 lines and containing only three appendices: a) very few scrolls dated to 50–1 BCE have more than 40 lines, medium-sized scrolls are most common; b) a 46-line reconstruction without ch. 24 would destroy the chiastic structure of the appendices; c) a 46-line reconstruction (as preferred by Ziemer) would require the long psalm of ch. 22 to be formatted without any section breaks or vacats; d) Qumran scrolls and literary analysis evince many cases of 2nd and 1st century literary editing of biblical scrolls as well as preservation of earlier variant recensions. Further, Ziemer’s consequent critique of the linear model of literary growth in biblical studies should be welcomed but remains one-sided. Editorial growth into new recensions could develop according to different paradigms.
{"title":"More on 1QSamuel and the Theory of Literary Growth. Response to Benjamin Ziemer","authors":"T. Elgvin","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is no space in the innermost part of the 1QSam scroll to include 2Sam 24. The last three columns (2Sam 20–23) can be materially reconstructed with 46, 42, or 21 lines. With one of the eight literary appendices to 2Samuel missing, other appendices may be absent too. A number of factors point to a reconstruction with 21 lines and containing only three appendices: a) very few scrolls dated to 50–1 BCE have more than 40 lines, medium-sized scrolls are most common; b) a 46-line reconstruction without ch. 24 would destroy the chiastic structure of the appendices; c) a 46-line reconstruction (as preferred by Ziemer) would require the long psalm of ch. 22 to be formatted without any section breaks or vacats; d) Qumran scrolls and literary analysis evince many cases of 2nd and 1st century literary editing of biblical scrolls as well as preservation of earlier variant recensions. Further, Ziemer’s consequent critique of the linear model of literary growth in biblical studies should be welcomed but remains one-sided. Editorial growth into new recensions could develop according to different paradigms.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"133 1","pages":"64 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zaw-2021-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46271926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Aaron’s enigmatic response to Moses’ accusation of cultic malpractice in the disposal of the remains of the ḥaṭṭāt (Lev 10:19) has puzzled exegetes since antiquity. Recent interpreters have concluded that it is not possible to understand Aaron’s reasoning and that his response emphasizes the priesthood’s mystique and its claim to a qualified freedom in interpreting Mosaic law. In contrast, I argue that the crux interpretum can be resolved when we pay particular attention to the pronominal suffixes attached to the word חטאת.
{"title":"Whose Ḥaṭṭāʾt? Aaron’s Enigmatic Response to Moses in Lev 10:19","authors":"N. Macdonald","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aaron’s enigmatic response to Moses’ accusation of cultic malpractice in the disposal of the remains of the ḥaṭṭāt (Lev 10:19) has puzzled exegetes since antiquity. Recent interpreters have concluded that it is not possible to understand Aaron’s reasoning and that his response emphasizes the priesthood’s mystique and its claim to a qualified freedom in interpreting Mosaic law. In contrast, I argue that the crux interpretum can be resolved when we pay particular attention to the pronominal suffixes attached to the word חטאת.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"133 1","pages":"23 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zaw-2021-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45339873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article argues that subtle resistance to power was all-important in Ahiqar and this was highlighted through interpreting the narrative and poetic sections symbiotically. This resistance to power, however, was hidden in Ahiqar, embedded in ironic twists on traditionally expected roles, and in the display of obedience, deference, and loyalty that is performed in the face of the king’s power. The article suggested that Ahiqar was performed to audiences at Elephantine and that a potential way for Elephantine audiences to interpret Ahiqar was in light of Persian dominance.
{"title":"Performing Deference in Ahiqar: The significance of a Politics of Resistance in the Narrative and Proverbs of Ahiqar","authors":"K. Southwood","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article argues that subtle resistance to power was all-important in Ahiqar and this was highlighted through interpreting the narrative and poetic sections symbiotically. This resistance to power, however, was hidden in Ahiqar, embedded in ironic twists on traditionally expected roles, and in the display of obedience, deference, and loyalty that is performed in the face of the king’s power. The article suggested that Ahiqar was performed to audiences at Elephantine and that a potential way for Elephantine audiences to interpret Ahiqar was in light of Persian dominance.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"133 1","pages":"42 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zaw-2021-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44777375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In LXX 3 Kgdms 7:31, »the forty-eight pillars of the House of the King and the House of the Lord« do not constitute a separate architectonical item within the precincts of palace and temple. The note rather brings together all the pillars mentioned elsewhere in 3Kgdms 6–7.
{"title":"The 48 pillars of the House of the King and the House of the Lord (LXX 3Kgdms 7:31)","authors":"P. van Keulen","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In LXX 3 Kgdms 7:31, »the forty-eight pillars of the House of the King and the House of the Lord« do not constitute a separate architectonical item within the precincts of palace and temple. The note rather brings together all the pillars mentioned elsewhere in 3Kgdms 6–7.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"133 1","pages":"37 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zaw-2021-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Mit einer nördlichen Lage von Horonajim und einer Verbindung dieses Ortes mit der Daviddynastie (KAI 181:31) kann man einen historischen Kern der biblischen Texte bestimmen, die eine Beziehung Davids zu Moab behaupten. Die Dynastie Davids wäre somit von den Omriden im Ostjordanland eingesetzt worden, um einen Teil Moabs zu kontrollieren. Die biblische Erzählung hat die kriegerischen Erfolge des 9. Jh. v. Chr. mit David verbunden. Im Rutbuch könnte sich zudem die Tradition erhalten haben, dass die Daviddynastie irgendwann in Moab residierte und von dort wieder nach Jerusalem zurückgekehrt ist.
{"title":"David und Moab – Eine schwierige Verhältnisbestimmung","authors":"E. Gass","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2020-4004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2020-4004","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Mit einer nördlichen Lage von Horonajim und einer Verbindung dieses Ortes mit der Daviddynastie (KAI 181:31) kann man einen historischen Kern der biblischen Texte bestimmen, die eine Beziehung Davids zu Moab behaupten. Die Dynastie Davids wäre somit von den Omriden im Ostjordanland eingesetzt worden, um einen Teil Moabs zu kontrollieren. Die biblische Erzählung hat die kriegerischen Erfolge des 9. Jh. v. Chr. mit David verbunden. Im Rutbuch könnte sich zudem die Tradition erhalten haben, dass die Daviddynastie irgendwann in Moab residierte und von dort wieder nach Jerusalem zurückgekehrt ist.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"61 19","pages":"573 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zaw-2020-4004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41330831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article shows how attention to the dynamics surrounding production and revision of ancient Near Eastern scrolls can help scholars develop better models for the development and early use of the Bible. Though pioneers pursing such a scroll approach were confined to limited data in the Bible and rabbinic literature, we now have a wealth of data on scrolls from Egypt, Levantine sites like Deir ʿAlla, and Qumran. After discussing the use of scrolls for ancient literary compositions, the article illustrates how this information can reframe and inform analysis of the Pentateuch’s formation.
{"title":"Rethinking the Materiality of Biblical Texts: From Source, Tradition and Redaction to a Scroll Approach","authors":"D. M. Carr","doi":"10.1515/zaw-2020-4005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2020-4005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article shows how attention to the dynamics surrounding production and revision of ancient Near Eastern scrolls can help scholars develop better models for the development and early use of the Bible. Though pioneers pursing such a scroll approach were confined to limited data in the Bible and rabbinic literature, we now have a wealth of data on scrolls from Egypt, Levantine sites like Deir ʿAlla, and Qumran. After discussing the use of scrolls for ancient literary compositions, the article illustrates how this information can reframe and inform analysis of the Pentateuch’s formation.","PeriodicalId":45627,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT","volume":"132 1","pages":"594 - 621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zaw-2020-4005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47228016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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