Abstract It is a significant challenge for social enterprises (SEs) to scale up their social impact, especially for those in transforming societies such as China, where the ecosystem of SEs remains at a nascent stage of development. Although previous studies have devoted attention to scaling strategies and scaling performance, none of them has examined the relationship between scaling strategies and scaling performance through empirical quantitative analysis. To address this gap, this study utilizes a hypothesis-testing quantitative method, for the first time, to investigate the divergent impact of different scaling strategies on scaling performance and the moderating role of organizational resources. Our results demonstrate that three types of scaling strategies are positively associated with scaling performance, and the magnitude of the linkages descends from knowledge dissemination through organizational growth to contractual partnerships. Additionally, our results reveal that the adequacy of financial and human resources perform as positive moderators, significantly magnifying the contribution of the scaling strategy of organizational growth to scaling performance. The findings provide important implications for SE managers and practitioners, helping them make informed decisions regarding how to choose and implement suitable scaling strategies in Chinese or other similar contexts, while considering the SEs’ organizational resources.
{"title":"The Scaling Strategies and the Scaling Performance of Chinese Social Enterprises: The Moderating Role of Organizational Resources","authors":"Xiao-Min Yu, Xiang-Yang Bi","doi":"10.1515/erj-2022-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2022-0127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is a significant challenge for social enterprises (SEs) to scale up their social impact, especially for those in transforming societies such as China, where the ecosystem of SEs remains at a nascent stage of development. Although previous studies have devoted attention to scaling strategies and scaling performance, none of them has examined the relationship between scaling strategies and scaling performance through empirical quantitative analysis. To address this gap, this study utilizes a hypothesis-testing quantitative method, for the first time, to investigate the divergent impact of different scaling strategies on scaling performance and the moderating role of organizational resources. Our results demonstrate that three types of scaling strategies are positively associated with scaling performance, and the magnitude of the linkages descends from knowledge dissemination through organizational growth to contractual partnerships. Additionally, our results reveal that the adequacy of financial and human resources perform as positive moderators, significantly magnifying the contribution of the scaling strategy of organizational growth to scaling performance. The findings provide important implications for SE managers and practitioners, helping them make informed decisions regarding how to choose and implement suitable scaling strategies in Chinese or other similar contexts, while considering the SEs’ organizational resources.","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"43 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The majority of research on corporate entrepreneurship focuses on developed countries and overlooks that various cultural and economic contexts may lead to different intensities and behaviors in entrepreneurial activities. This omission could challenge extant theoretical models and assumptions. Accordingly, this article intends to analyze the literature on corporate entrepreneurship in developing countries. The paper adopts a two-step research approach, a systematic literature review, and a bibliometric (co-word analysis) analysis of 85 articles published between 1999 and 2021. We identify the major articles, journals, and scholars that made significant contributions to the field within the context by summarizing and describing indicators, such as number of publications, citations, theoretical and methodological perspectives, topic trends, and thematic maps. Analysis enables the study to establish that research on corporate entrepreneurship in developing countries comprises three major thematic classifications, namely, determinants and effects of corporate entrepreneurship; determinants of intrapreneurship and performance, and dynamic capabilities and corporate entrepreneurship. In summary, this article contributes to an enhanced understanding of the concepts and dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship within developing countries. In addition, it provides a research agenda; hence, we propose future directions that shape the dynamics of the field and that provide relevant insights for researchers and managers interested in corporate entrepreneurship in the context of developing countries.
{"title":"Research on Corporate Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries: A Review and Agenda for Future Directions","authors":"Jairo Orozco, A. Turro, David Urbano","doi":"10.1515/erj-2023-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2023-0060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The majority of research on corporate entrepreneurship focuses on developed countries and overlooks that various cultural and economic contexts may lead to different intensities and behaviors in entrepreneurial activities. This omission could challenge extant theoretical models and assumptions. Accordingly, this article intends to analyze the literature on corporate entrepreneurship in developing countries. The paper adopts a two-step research approach, a systematic literature review, and a bibliometric (co-word analysis) analysis of 85 articles published between 1999 and 2021. We identify the major articles, journals, and scholars that made significant contributions to the field within the context by summarizing and describing indicators, such as number of publications, citations, theoretical and methodological perspectives, topic trends, and thematic maps. Analysis enables the study to establish that research on corporate entrepreneurship in developing countries comprises three major thematic classifications, namely, determinants and effects of corporate entrepreneurship; determinants of intrapreneurship and performance, and dynamic capabilities and corporate entrepreneurship. In summary, this article contributes to an enhanced understanding of the concepts and dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship within developing countries. In addition, it provides a research agenda; hence, we propose future directions that shape the dynamics of the field and that provide relevant insights for researchers and managers interested in corporate entrepreneurship in the context of developing countries.","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83846465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.1515/erj-2023-frontmatter4
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/erj-2023-frontmatter4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2023-frontmatter4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135521016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We analyze the initial intellectual property (IP) decisions of 336 start-ups in IP-intensive industries in China, distinguishing among patents, trademarks, and IP portfolios. Our empirical results show that the initial IP decisions of start-ups have an impact on their innovation performance. Compared with start-ups that choose trademarks or patents, start-ups that choose IP portfolios have higher financial and non-financial innovation performance. Furthermore, venture capital positively moderates the relationship between initial IP decisions and non-financial innovation performance. VC-backed start-ups that choose IP portfolios are more likely than other start-ups to achieve higher non-financial innovation performance. Finally, strategic planning also plays a role in the relationship. Among the start-ups that choose IP portfolios, those with high strategic planning gain higher non-financial innovation performance. This paper contributes to research on initial IP decisions in entrepreneurial contexts by incorporating IP portfolios to initial IP decisions and uncovering the role of initial IP decisions in innovation performance.
{"title":"The Impact of Initial Intellectual Property Decisions of Start-Ups on Innovation Performance","authors":"Hong Li, Mengge Gan, Yibin Zhang","doi":"10.1515/erj-2022-0293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2022-0293","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We analyze the initial intellectual property (IP) decisions of 336 start-ups in IP-intensive industries in China, distinguishing among patents, trademarks, and IP portfolios. Our empirical results show that the initial IP decisions of start-ups have an impact on their innovation performance. Compared with start-ups that choose trademarks or patents, start-ups that choose IP portfolios have higher financial and non-financial innovation performance. Furthermore, venture capital positively moderates the relationship between initial IP decisions and non-financial innovation performance. VC-backed start-ups that choose IP portfolios are more likely than other start-ups to achieve higher non-financial innovation performance. Finally, strategic planning also plays a role in the relationship. Among the start-ups that choose IP portfolios, those with high strategic planning gain higher non-financial innovation performance. This paper contributes to research on initial IP decisions in entrepreneurial contexts by incorporating IP portfolios to initial IP decisions and uncovering the role of initial IP decisions in innovation performance.","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88100675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Entrepreneurship is increasingly acknowledged as a critical economic and growth driver. As a result, practitioners’ and scholars’ inquiry into the link between the entrepreneurial social network and its pursuit of innovation have gained momentum in developed economies. However, it remains scarce in the context of emergent economies. Drawing upon social network theory, this qualitative study explores this knowledge gap by examining how Romanian software as a service (SaaS) entrepreneurs enable innovative performance by using social capital in national and international entrepreneurial networks. This qualitative interpretative study relies on the experiences and practices shared by 24 Romanian SaaS entrepreneurs interviewed to expand our understanding of how these entrepreneurs use social capital-driven networks to achieve innovative performance in international markets. Feeling unsupported by a weak institutional entrepreneurial context, Romanian SaaS entrepreneurs build their international entrepreneurial journeys and achieve innovative performance extensively by relying on social capital-driven networks. This paper contributes to the emergent economies stream on entrepreneurship literature and regional entrepreneurship policies. These findings show that motivated to overcome the challenges of a weak institutional context and pursue their entrepreneurial path, these Romanian SaaS entrepreneurs’ international presence and innovative performance are relational manifestations of bonding and bridging social capital-based networks.
{"title":"Social Capital and Innovative Performance in Networks: The Journey of Romanian SaaS Entrepreneurs","authors":"A. Clipa, I. Chițac, C. Clipa, Nelu Florea","doi":"10.1515/erj-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Entrepreneurship is increasingly acknowledged as a critical economic and growth driver. As a result, practitioners’ and scholars’ inquiry into the link between the entrepreneurial social network and its pursuit of innovation have gained momentum in developed economies. However, it remains scarce in the context of emergent economies. Drawing upon social network theory, this qualitative study explores this knowledge gap by examining how Romanian software as a service (SaaS) entrepreneurs enable innovative performance by using social capital in national and international entrepreneurial networks. This qualitative interpretative study relies on the experiences and practices shared by 24 Romanian SaaS entrepreneurs interviewed to expand our understanding of how these entrepreneurs use social capital-driven networks to achieve innovative performance in international markets. Feeling unsupported by a weak institutional entrepreneurial context, Romanian SaaS entrepreneurs build their international entrepreneurial journeys and achieve innovative performance extensively by relying on social capital-driven networks. This paper contributes to the emergent economies stream on entrepreneurship literature and regional entrepreneurship policies. These findings show that motivated to overcome the challenges of a weak institutional context and pursue their entrepreneurial path, these Romanian SaaS entrepreneurs’ international presence and innovative performance are relational manifestations of bonding and bridging social capital-based networks.","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86870788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This research examines how commitment, long-term orientation, and distinctive family business traits resulting from family ownership affect internationalization by studying two unique and long-lasting firms with family and non-family ownership structures. Drawing upon arguments from international business studies and family business research, we have identified various entrepreneurial motivations and derived a framework that expands our knowledge on how commitment, long-term orientation and specific differences between family and non-family firms impact their international expansion. Our results indicate that family firms generate social capital, experience, and knowledge in an international context to sustain and maximize their advantages better than non-family firms.
{"title":"Commitment Helps: The Positive Effects of Long-Term Orientation and Family Ownership on Firms’ International Expansion","authors":"Sören Frerich, A. Calabrò, M. Torchia","doi":"10.1515/erj-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research examines how commitment, long-term orientation, and distinctive family business traits resulting from family ownership affect internationalization by studying two unique and long-lasting firms with family and non-family ownership structures. Drawing upon arguments from international business studies and family business research, we have identified various entrepreneurial motivations and derived a framework that expands our knowledge on how commitment, long-term orientation and specific differences between family and non-family firms impact their international expansion. Our results indicate that family firms generate social capital, experience, and knowledge in an international context to sustain and maximize their advantages better than non-family firms.","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86867899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study uses data from an ethnographic study of 32 family members from six families from New Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR), India, to develop our understanding of entrepreneurial intentions in the younger members of middle-class families of India. The study identifies two critical familial influences, generational congruence and the need to maintain harmony, along with the presence of feministic values, as factors that impact the development of entrepreneurial intentions. The study further confirms that the need to conform to a social image impacts the decisions taken by family members. By highlighting the significant influence that family can have on the development of entrepreneurial intentions, this research points out gaps in how current policies and programs target entrepreneurship development in transforming economies like India. While the limited geographic scope of this study makes the findings applicable only to families in New Delhi and NCR and less generalizable overall, it further highlights the need to conduct similar studies across other parts of India, as well as other countries with similar cultural dimensions as India. The researchers suggest focussing policies towards promoting trust and confidence in entrepreneurship as a potential career option and highlighting the benefits of pursuing entrepreneurship amongst the masses by keeping in mind the cultural and geographic differences across the country. The novelty of this study lies firstly in its methodological approach, where entrepreneurial intentions are evaluated via short ethnographies. Secondly, with a strong focus on Indian family dynamics, the authors have identified novel influences that could apply to other transforming economies with similar social-cultural factors to India.
{"title":"An Ethnographic Study Exploring the Effect of Family on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Its Younger Members in the Delhi-NCR Region of India","authors":"Ankit Gaur, P. Robson, D. Vazquez-Brust","doi":"10.1515/erj-2021-0319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2021-0319","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study uses data from an ethnographic study of 32 family members from six families from New Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR), India, to develop our understanding of entrepreneurial intentions in the younger members of middle-class families of India. The study identifies two critical familial influences, generational congruence and the need to maintain harmony, along with the presence of feministic values, as factors that impact the development of entrepreneurial intentions. The study further confirms that the need to conform to a social image impacts the decisions taken by family members. By highlighting the significant influence that family can have on the development of entrepreneurial intentions, this research points out gaps in how current policies and programs target entrepreneurship development in transforming economies like India. While the limited geographic scope of this study makes the findings applicable only to families in New Delhi and NCR and less generalizable overall, it further highlights the need to conduct similar studies across other parts of India, as well as other countries with similar cultural dimensions as India. The researchers suggest focussing policies towards promoting trust and confidence in entrepreneurship as a potential career option and highlighting the benefits of pursuing entrepreneurship amongst the masses by keeping in mind the cultural and geographic differences across the country. The novelty of this study lies firstly in its methodological approach, where entrepreneurial intentions are evaluated via short ethnographies. Secondly, with a strong focus on Indian family dynamics, the authors have identified novel influences that could apply to other transforming economies with similar social-cultural factors to India.","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"725 - 771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75244671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1515/erj-2023-frontmatter3
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/erj-2023-frontmatter3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2023-frontmatter3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134950788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The increase in national-level innovation driven by corporate innovation is an inherent requirement for the current shift from high-speed growth to high-quality development in China’s economy. In this study, we empirically analysed the influence of the institutional environment on corporate innovation and its underlying mechanism based on panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2016. The empirical results demonstrated that the institutional environment is conducive to the improvement of corporate innovation, and this result is validated by further robustness tests. The analysis of the companies’ subsamples showed that the stimulation effect of the institutional environment on corporate innovation is more significant in Central and Western China than in Eastern China. The role of the institutional environment is also more evident in non-state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises. Further analysis demonstrated that investment in R&D plays a mediator role in the context where the institutional environment promotes corporate innovation, and the executive equity incentives in this process have a moderating effect.
{"title":"Institutional Environment, Executive Equity Incentive, and Enterprise Innovation: The Case of China","authors":"Haijie Yu, Hong Li","doi":"10.1515/erj-2022-0383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2022-0383","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increase in national-level innovation driven by corporate innovation is an inherent requirement for the current shift from high-speed growth to high-quality development in China’s economy. In this study, we empirically analysed the influence of the institutional environment on corporate innovation and its underlying mechanism based on panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2016. The empirical results demonstrated that the institutional environment is conducive to the improvement of corporate innovation, and this result is validated by further robustness tests. The analysis of the companies’ subsamples showed that the stimulation effect of the institutional environment on corporate innovation is more significant in Central and Western China than in Eastern China. The role of the institutional environment is also more evident in non-state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises. Further analysis demonstrated that investment in R&D plays a mediator role in the context where the institutional environment promotes corporate innovation, and the executive equity incentives in this process have a moderating effect.","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90758164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Literature shows that entrepreneurial employee activity is positively related to organisational growth and competitiveness. A significant number of studies have focused on the determinants of entrepreneurial employee activity. However, there are aspects of these determinants that remain unexplored; in particular, the role of factors at the environmental level and their moderating effect has rarely been tested. Based on Human Capital Theory and Institutional Theory, this paper aims to analyse the direct and moderating effects of the determinants of entrepreneurial employee activity. Data were obtained from the 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for the context of Saudi Arabia (1499 observations). By applying a logistic regression model, we found that intrapreneurial skills, education and social status have significant and direct effects on entrepreneurial employee activity. In addition, ease of business and social status moderate and reinforce the effect of intrapreneurial skills on entrepreneurial employee activity. The results suggest that context plays a major role in the antecedents of entrepreneurial employee activity and that its effect may be different in the case of Saudi Arabia as compared to Western countries. Theoretical and practical implications are derived from these findings.
{"title":"Determinants of Entrepreneurial Employee Activity in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Ahmed Basingab, A. Turro, D. Urbano","doi":"10.1515/erj-2022-0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2022-0207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Literature shows that entrepreneurial employee activity is positively related to organisational growth and competitiveness. A significant number of studies have focused on the determinants of entrepreneurial employee activity. However, there are aspects of these determinants that remain unexplored; in particular, the role of factors at the environmental level and their moderating effect has rarely been tested. Based on Human Capital Theory and Institutional Theory, this paper aims to analyse the direct and moderating effects of the determinants of entrepreneurial employee activity. Data were obtained from the 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for the context of Saudi Arabia (1499 observations). By applying a logistic regression model, we found that intrapreneurial skills, education and social status have significant and direct effects on entrepreneurial employee activity. In addition, ease of business and social status moderate and reinforce the effect of intrapreneurial skills on entrepreneurial employee activity. The results suggest that context plays a major role in the antecedents of entrepreneurial employee activity and that its effect may be different in the case of Saudi Arabia as compared to Western countries. Theoretical and practical implications are derived from these findings.","PeriodicalId":45658,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Research Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87953852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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