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3D Reconstruction from Multiple Images: Part 1 - Principles 从多个图像三维重建:第1部分-原则
IF 36.5 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2009-10-23 DOI: 10.1561/0600000007
T. Moons, L. Gool, M. Vergauwen
This issue discusses methods to extract three-dimensional (3D) models from plain images. In particular, the 3D information is obtained from images for which the camera parameters are unknown. The principles underlying such uncalibrated structure-from-motion methods are outlined. First, a short review of 3D acquisition technologies puts such methods in a wider context and highlights their important advantages. Then, the actual theory behind this line of research is given. The authors have tried to keep the text maximally self-contained, therefore also avoiding to rely on an extensive knowledge of the projective concepts that usually appear in texts about self-calibration 3D methods. Rather, mathematical explanations that are more amenable to intuition are given. The explanation of the theory includes the stratification of reconstructions obtained from image pairs as well as metric reconstruction on the basis of more than two images combined with some additional knowledge about the cameras used. Readers who want to obtain more practical information about how to implement such uncalibrated structure-from-motion pipelines may be interested in two more Foundations and Trends issues written by the same authors. Together with this issue they can be read as a single tutorial on the subject.
本文讨论了从平面图像中提取三维模型的方法。特别是,从相机参数未知的图像中获得三维信息。本文概述了这种未经校准的运动构造方法的基本原理。首先,对3D采集技术的简短回顾将这些方法置于更广泛的背景下,并突出了它们的重要优势。然后,给出了这条研究路线背后的实际理论。作者试图保持文本最大限度地自给自足,因此也避免依赖于投影概念的广泛知识,通常出现在文本中关于自校准3D方法。相反,给出了更符合直觉的数学解释。该理论的解释包括从图像对中获得的重建分层,以及基于两个以上图像并结合有关所使用相机的一些额外知识的度量重建。想要获得更多关于如何实现这种未校准的运动结构管道的实用信息的读者可能会对同一作者撰写的另外两个基础和趋势问题感兴趣。和这个问题一起,它们可以作为一个关于这个主题的教程来阅读。
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引用次数: 130
Kernel Methods in Computer Vision 计算机视觉中的核方法
IF 36.5 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2009-09-03 DOI: 10.1561/0600000027
Christoph H. Lampert
Over the last years, kernel methods have established themselves as powerful tools for computer vision researchers as well as for practitioners. In this tutorial, we give an introduction to kernel methods in computer vision from a geometric perspective, introducing not only the ubiquitous support vector machines, but also less known techniques for regression, dimensionality reduction, outlier detection, and clustering. Additionally, we give an outlook on very recent, non-classical techniques for the prediction of structure data, for the estimation of statistical dependency, and for learning the kernel function itself. All methods are illustrated with examples of successful application from the recent computer vision research literature.
在过去的几年里,核方法已经成为计算机视觉研究人员和实践者的强大工具。在本教程中,我们从几何角度介绍了计算机视觉中的核方法,不仅介绍了无处不在的支持向量机,还介绍了鲜为人知的回归、降维、离群点检测和聚类技术。此外,我们对最近的非经典技术进行了展望,这些技术用于预测结构数据,估计统计依赖性,以及学习核函数本身。所有方法都用最近计算机视觉研究文献中的成功应用实例加以说明。
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引用次数: 102
Bilateral Filtering: Theory and Applications 双边过滤:理论与应用
IF 36.5 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1561/0600000020
Pierre Kornprobst, J. Tumblin, F. Durand
1: Introduction 2: From Gaussian Convolution to Bilateral Filter 3: Applications 4: Efficient Implementation 5: Relationship between BF and Other Methods or Framework 6: Extensions of Bilateral Filtering 7: Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References.
1:介绍2:从高斯卷积到双边滤波3:应用4:高效实现5:BF与其他方法或框架的关系6:双边滤波的扩展7:结论。致谢参考文献
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引用次数: 210
Image and Video Matting: A Survey 图像和视频抠图:调查
IF 36.5 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1561/0600000019
Jue Wang, Michael F. Cohen
Matting refers to the problem of accurate foreground estimation in images and video. It is one of the key techniques in many image editing and film production applications, thus has been extensively studied in the literature. With the recent advances of digital cameras, using matting techniques to create novel composites or facilitate other editing tasks has gained increasing interest from both professionals as well as consumers. Consequently, various matting techniques and systems have been proposed to try to efficiently extract high quality mattes from both still images and video sequences. This survey provides a comprehensive review of existing image and video matting algorithms and systems, with an emphasis on the advanced techniques that have been recently proposed. The first part of the survey is focused on image matting. The fundamental techniques shared by many image matting algorithms, such as color sampling methods and matting affinities, are first analyzed. Image matting techniques are then classified into three categories based on their underlying methodologies, and an objective evaluation is conducted to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of each category. A unique Accuracy vs. Cost analysis is presented as a practical guidance for readers to properly choose matting tools that best fit their specific requirements and constraints. The second part of the survey is focused on video matting. The difficulties and challenges of video matting are first analyzed, and various ways of combining matting algorithms with other video processing techniques for building efficient video matting systems are reviewed. Key contributions, advantages as well as limitations of important systems are summarized. Finally, special matting systems that rely on capturing additional foreground/background information to automate the matting process are discussed. A few interesting directions for future matting research are presented in the conclusion.
抠图是指在图像和视频中准确估计前景的问题。它是许多图像编辑和电影制作应用中的关键技术之一,因此在文献中得到了广泛的研究。随着数码相机的最新进步,使用抠图技术来创建新颖的复合材料或促进其他编辑任务已经获得了越来越多的专业人士和消费者的兴趣。因此,已经提出了各种抠图技术和系统,试图有效地从静止图像和视频序列中提取高质量的抠图。本调查提供了现有的图像和视频抠图算法和系统的全面审查,重点是最近提出的先进技术。调查的第一部分侧重于图像抠图。首先分析了许多图像抠图算法共有的基本技术,如颜色采样方法和抠图亲和力。然后根据图像抠图技术的基本方法将其分为三类,并对每一类技术的优缺点进行客观评价。一个独特的精度与成本分析作为一个实用的指导,为读者正确选择最适合他们的特定需求和约束的消光工具。调查的第二部分集中在视频抠图。首先分析了视频抠图的难点和挑战,并综述了各种将抠图算法与其他视频处理技术相结合以构建高效视频抠图系统的方法。总结了重要系统的主要贡献、优势和局限性。最后,讨论了依赖于捕获额外的前景/背景信息来自动化抠图过程的特殊抠图系统。最后,对未来消光研究的几个方向进行了展望。
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引用次数: 390
Image-Based Rendering 基于图像的渲染
IF 36.5 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2006-09-28 DOI: 10.1561/0600000012
S. B. Kang, Yin Li, Xin Tong, H. Shum
Image-based rendering (IBR) is unique in that it requires computer graphics, computer vision, and image processing to join forces to solve a common goal, namely photorealistic rendering through the use of images. IBR as an area of research has been around for about ten years, and substantial progress has been achieved in effiectively capturing, representing, and rendering scenes. In this article, we survey the techniques used in IBR. Our survey shows that representations and rendering techniques can differ radically, depending on design decisions related to ease of capture, use of geometry, accuracy of geometry (if used), number and distribution of source images, degrees of freedom for virtual navigation, and expected scene complexity.
基于图像的渲染(IBR)的独特之处在于它需要计算机图形学、计算机视觉和图像处理结合起来解决一个共同的目标,即通过使用图像进行逼真的渲染。IBR作为一个研究领域已经存在了大约十年,在有效捕获、表示和渲染场景方面已经取得了实质性的进展。在本文中,我们概述了IBR中使用的技术。我们的调查显示,表示和渲染技术可能会有根本的不同,这取决于与捕获的便利性、几何形状的使用、几何形状的准确性(如果使用的话)、源图像的数量和分布、虚拟导航的自由度以及预期的场景复杂性相关的设计决策。
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引用次数: 57
Monocular Model-Based 3D Tracking of Rigid Objects: A Survey 基于单目模型的刚性物体三维跟踪研究进展
IF 36.5 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1561/0600000001
V. Lepetit, P. Fua
Many applications require tracking of complex 3D objects. These include visual servoing of robotic arms on specific target objects, Augmented Reality systems that require real-time registration of the object to be augmented, and head tracking systems that sophisticated interfaces can use. Computer Vision offers solutions that are cheap, practical and non-invasive.This survey reviews the different techniques and approaches that have been developed by industry and research. First, important mathematical tools are introduced: Camera representation, robust estimation and uncertainty estimation. Then a comprehensive study is given of the numerous approaches developed by the Augmented Reality and Robotics communities, beginning with those that are based on point or planar fiducial marks and moving on to those that avoid the need to engineer the environment by relying on natural features such as edges, texture or interest. Recent advances that avoid manual initialization and failures due to fast motion are also presented. The survery concludes with the different possible choices that should be made when implementing a 3D tracking system and a discussion of the future of vision-based 3D tracking.Because it encompasses many computer vision techniques from low-level vision to 3D geometry and includes a comprehensive study of the massive literature on the subject, this survey should be the handbook of the student, the researcher, or the engineer who wants to implement a 3D tracking system.
许多应用程序需要跟踪复杂的3D对象。其中包括机器人手臂在特定目标物体上的视觉伺服,需要实时注册要增强的物体的增强现实系统,以及复杂接口可以使用的头部跟踪系统。计算机视觉提供了廉价、实用和非侵入性的解决方案。本调查回顾了工业和研究开发的不同技术和方法。首先介绍了重要的数学工具:摄像机表示、鲁棒估计和不确定性估计。然后,对增强现实和机器人社区开发的众多方法进行了全面的研究,从那些基于点或平面基准标记的方法开始,然后转向那些通过依赖边缘、纹理或兴趣等自然特征来避免对环境进行工程设计的方法。本文还介绍了避免手动初始化和快速运动导致的故障的最新进展。该调查总结了在实施3D跟踪系统时应该做出的不同可能选择,并讨论了基于视觉的3D跟踪的未来。因为它涵盖了从低级视觉到3D几何的许多计算机视觉技术,并且包括对该主题的大量文献的全面研究,因此该调查应该是想要实现3D跟踪系统的学生,研究人员或工程师的手册。
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引用次数: 744
Computational Studies of Human Motion: Part 1, Tracking and Motion Synthesis 人体运动的计算研究:第1部分,跟踪和运动合成
IF 36.5 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1561/0600000005
D. Forsyth, Okan Arikan, L. Ikemoto, J. F. O'Brien, Deva Ramanan
We review methods for kinematic tracking of the human body in video. The review is part of a projected book that is intended to cross-fertilize ideas about motion representation between the animation and computer vision communities. The review confines itself to the earlier stages of motion, focusing on tracking and motion synthesis; future material will cover activity representation and motion generation. In general, we take the position that tracking does not necessarily involve (as is usually thought) complex multimodal inference problems. Instead, there are two key problems, both easy to state. The first is lifting, where one must infer the configuration of the body in three dimensions from image data. Ambiguities in lifting can result in multimodal inference problem, and we review what little is known about the extent to which a lift is ambiguous. The second is data association, where one must determine which pixels in an image Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000005
本文综述了视频中人体运动跟踪的方法。这篇评论是一本计划出版的书的一部分,这本书的目的是在动画和计算机视觉社区之间交流关于运动表示的想法。回顾仅限于运动的早期阶段,专注于跟踪和运动合成;未来的材料将涵盖活动表示和运动生成。一般来说,我们认为跟踪并不一定涉及(通常认为的)复杂的多模态推理问题。相反,有两个关键问题,都很容易说明。第一种是升降,必须从图像数据中推断出物体的三维结构。举的模糊性会导致多模态推理问题,我们回顾了关于举的模糊性的程度所知甚少。第二个是数据关联,其中必须确定图像中的哪些像素全文可在:http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000005
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引用次数: 206
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Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision
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