Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.2.282
K. Banyen
Financial integration is generally associated with the development of synergies through cross-border banking and investment activities and increased competitiveness among banks. This paper examines the effects of shifts in financial freedom and competition on bank risk-taking behavior using data from 405 banks in 47 African countries across five regional economic communities from 2007-2014. The core findings suggest that financial integration directly increases bank risk-taking behavior in Africa through rising competition. The results also support an inverted U-shaped relationship between competition and bank risk-taking behavior. However, disparities in the results across sub-regional markets suggest that financial integration policies must be tailored to suit the market characteristics of each regional bloc. Overall, the study identifies deficiencies in competitiveness as a fundamental variable that hinders banks’ ability to benefit from the opportunity of stability offered by financial integration in emerging economies.
{"title":"Financial Integration, Competition and Bank Risk-Taking Behavior: Evidence from Africa’s Sub-Regional Markets","authors":"K. Banyen","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.2.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.2.282","url":null,"abstract":"Financial integration is generally associated with the development of synergies through cross-border banking and investment activities and increased competitiveness among banks. This paper examines the effects of shifts in financial freedom and competition on bank risk-taking behavior using data from 405 banks in 47 African countries across five regional economic communities from 2007-2014. The core findings suggest that financial integration directly increases bank risk-taking behavior in Africa through rising competition. The results also support an inverted U-shaped relationship between competition and bank risk-taking behavior. However, disparities in the results across sub-regional markets suggest that financial integration policies must be tailored to suit the market characteristics of each regional bloc. Overall, the study identifies deficiencies in competitiveness as a fundamental variable that hinders banks’ ability to benefit from the opportunity of stability offered by financial integration in emerging economies.","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"282-307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46241177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.2.203
Oleg Gurshev, Sarhad Hamza
This paper empirically investigates the impact of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) on foreign direct investment (FDI) using data on British multinational firms’ outward FDI in a panel of 140 countries across 2009-2017. We apply the Knowledge-Capital model to demonstrate that BITs act as a market access mechanism to parent country multinational enterprises. Our core result confirms the negative impact of BIT membership on horizontal FDI in the host economy. This result is robust to changes in partner sample composition, hypothetical stock levels, and inclusion of trade policies. Our findings imply that factor cost advantages are unable to compensate for the adverse effect of BIT entry, which raises concerns regarding the potency of BIT-centered development policies.
{"title":"BITs, Colony Ties, and Offshore Centers: The Case of United Kingdom Outward FDI","authors":"Oleg Gurshev, Sarhad Hamza","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.2.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.2.203","url":null,"abstract":"This paper empirically investigates the impact of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) on foreign direct investment (FDI) using data on British multinational firms’ outward FDI in a panel of 140 countries across 2009-2017. We apply the Knowledge-Capital model to demonstrate that BITs act as a market access mechanism to parent country multinational enterprises. Our core result confirms the negative impact of BIT membership on horizontal FDI in the host economy. This result is robust to changes in partner sample composition, hypothetical stock levels, and inclusion of trade policies. Our findings imply that factor cost advantages are unable to compensate for the adverse effect of BIT entry, which raises concerns regarding the potency of BIT-centered development policies.","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"203-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44823219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.2.308
Dorothee Flaig, J. Greenville
Global value chains (GVCs) a re an increasingly important driver of world t rade, and they are relevant in analyzing border policies and trade agreements. Combining methods of value added decomposition and a computable general equilibrium model, we show how tariff liberalization in APEC impacts on measures of integration. The trade agreement increases GVC integration worldwide irrespective of membership. The effects differ by type of integration, namely, forward or backward, depending on the source of intermediate inputs, the membership of countries up- and downstream the supply chain, and the border protection in the base. The analysis reveals some limitations of the presented integration measures in a dynamic context. First, value added incorporates income related to policy measures, and decreasing integration can reflect a lower tax burden and a more efficient network. Second, changes do not allow interpreting the size of effects of underlying variables, and similar changes can result from various underlying developments.
{"title":"Trade Liberalization in APEC and Global Value Chain Participation: What Can Value Added Indicators Tell?","authors":"Dorothee Flaig, J. Greenville","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.2.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.2.308","url":null,"abstract":"Global value chains (GVCs) a re an increasingly important driver of world t rade, and they are relevant in analyzing border policies and trade agreements. Combining methods of value added decomposition and a computable general equilibrium model, we show how tariff liberalization in APEC impacts on measures of integration. The trade agreement increases GVC integration worldwide irrespective of membership. The effects differ by type of integration, namely, forward or backward, depending on the source of intermediate inputs, the membership of countries up- and downstream the supply chain, and the border protection in the base. The analysis reveals some limitations of the presented integration measures in a dynamic context. First, value added incorporates income related to policy measures, and decreasing integration can reflect a lower tax burden and a more efficient network. Second, changes do not allow interpreting the size of effects of underlying variables, and similar changes can result from various underlying developments.","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"308-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49335289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.72
I. Sangaré
This paper compares the macroeconomic and welfare performances of the currency union against those from the independent managed floating regime using a two open-country DSGE model with the foreign currency denomination of private debt. The model is calibrated on the average data from the five founding members of the ASEAN and the performance of regimes is assessed under the effects of supply and demand shocks. We find that the macroeconomic and welfare performances of the ASEAN economies under the independent managed floating regimes are comparable to those under a currency union. This is explained by the stability of the intra-regional nominal exchange rates arising from the similarity of policy rules under the independent managed floating regimes. Our findings suggest that the choice of exchange rate targeting regimes with coordinated policies for the ASEAN countries would be an effective way to move towards a currency union.
{"title":"Exchange Rate Regimes in the ASEAN: Would a Currency Union Outperform the Independent Managed Floating Regimes?","authors":"I. Sangaré","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.72","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the macroeconomic and welfare performances of the currency union against those from the independent managed floating regime using a two open-country DSGE model with the foreign currency denomination of private debt. The model is calibrated on the average data from the five founding members of the ASEAN and the performance of regimes is assessed under the effects of supply and demand shocks. We find that the macroeconomic and welfare performances of the ASEAN economies under the independent managed floating regimes are comparable to those under a currency union. This is explained by the stability of the intra-regional nominal exchange rates arising from the similarity of policy rules under the independent managed floating regimes. Our findings suggest that the choice of exchange rate targeting regimes with coordinated policies for the ASEAN countries would be an effective way to move towards a currency union.","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"72-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46270490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.65
P. Claeys, Helena Sanz-Morales, Camélia Turcu
+Corresponding Author: Camélia Turcu University of Orléans LEO. Rue de Blois, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France. E-mail: camelia.turcu@univ-orleans.fr Acknowledgments: We wish to thank Professor Seongeun Kim, Editor of the Journal of Economic Integration, for giving us the opportunity to publish this special issue. Many thanks also to Yunhoe Kim, Managing Editor of the journal, for her excellent support. Our special thanks to the journal referees, the discussants, and the participants at the INFER Annual Conference 2019, for their insightful comments and suggestions. We are also grateful to our three keynote speakers and to all the colleagues and INFER board members who contributed to the excellent organization of the INFER Annual Conference 2019.
+通讯作者:camsamlia Turcu University of orlsamans LEO。Rue de Blois, 45067 orlsamans Cedex 2，法国。电子邮件:camelia.turcu@univ-orleans.fr致谢:我们要感谢《经济一体化杂志》的编辑Seongeun Kim教授，他给了我们出版这一期特刊的机会。同时也非常感谢本刊总编辑Yunhoe Kim的大力支持。我们特别感谢期刊审稿人、讨论者和2019年INFER年会的参与者，他们提出了深刻的意见和建议。我们也感谢我们的三位主题演讲嘉宾以及所有为2019年INFER年会的出色组织做出贡献的同事和董事会成员。
{"title":"[Guest Editors’ Remarks] Special Theme 2: Asian and European Economic Integration at a Crossroads","authors":"P. Claeys, Helena Sanz-Morales, Camélia Turcu","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.65","url":null,"abstract":"+Corresponding Author: Camélia Turcu University of Orléans LEO. Rue de Blois, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France. E-mail: camelia.turcu@univ-orleans.fr Acknowledgments: We wish to thank Professor Seongeun Kim, Editor of the Journal of Economic Integration, for giving us the opportunity to publish this special issue. Many thanks also to Yunhoe Kim, Managing Editor of the journal, for her excellent support. Our special thanks to the journal referees, the discussants, and the participants at the INFER Annual Conference 2019, for their insightful comments and suggestions. We are also grateful to our three keynote speakers and to all the colleagues and INFER board members who contributed to the excellent organization of the INFER Annual Conference 2019.","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42372815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.125
Eleonora Cavallaro, Ilaria Villani
We employ Phillips and Sul’s (2007) nonlinear dynamic factor model to investigate whether economic integration within the EU has caused countries’ productive structures to become increasingly similar and sector-level productivity to converge over the period 1995-2018. This analysis provides several results. First, the EU countries do not converge to a unique path; instead, we observe clustered patterns for aggregate and sector-level productivity growth. Second, although successful integration in global production networks enabled most Central-Eastern European countries to catch up to other EU countries, asymmetries have increased following the recent financial crisis. Third, the heterogeneity in countries’ long-run productivity levels reflects differences in their vertical specialization; countries approaching the high-growth paths specialize in knowledge-intensive production, and the foreign value-added content of their exports is lower. Our analysis is relevant to the ongoing debate on the effects of internationalizing production, as it sheds light on countries’ growth prospects and indicates possible directions for policy actions.
{"title":"Club Convergence in EU Countries: A Sectoral Perspective","authors":"Eleonora Cavallaro, Ilaria Villani","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.125","url":null,"abstract":"We employ Phillips and Sul’s (2007) nonlinear dynamic factor model to investigate whether economic integration within the EU has caused countries’ productive structures to become increasingly similar and sector-level productivity to converge over the period 1995-2018. This analysis provides several results. First, the EU countries do not converge to a unique path; instead, we observe clustered patterns for aggregate and sector-level productivity growth. Second, although successful integration in global production networks enabled most Central-Eastern European countries to catch up to other EU countries, asymmetries have increased following the recent financial crisis. Third, the heterogeneity in countries’ long-run productivity levels reflects differences in their vertical specialization; countries approaching the high-growth paths specialize in knowledge-intensive production, and the foreign value-added content of their exports is lower. Our analysis is relevant to the ongoing debate on the effects of internationalizing production, as it sheds light on countries’ growth prospects and indicates possible directions for policy actions.","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"125-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41449109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.46
N. Uttama
Stumbling blocks to regional integration continue to pose a serious threat to the World Trade Organization (WTO), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine the effect of regional economic integration on trade in COVID-19 products for Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries using quarterly data for 2010–2020. A panel data model is estimated using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood approach to address zero trade values, cross-sectional dependence, and heterogeneity problems. The findings of a case study on bilateral trade in COVID-19 products reveal that the ASEAN regional trade agreement is a stumbling block to the WTO’s rules-based multilateral trading system. The results indicate that the home country’s productive capacity, the host country’s absorptive capacity, the countries’ similarity in size and per capita income, and the countries’ remoteness have positive and significant relationships with trade in COVID-19 products in ASEAN economies. This study provides several policy implications for Southeast Asian countries.
{"title":"Is Trade in COVID-19 Products in ASEAN Economies a Building or Stumbling Block?","authors":"N. Uttama","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.46","url":null,"abstract":"Stumbling blocks to regional integration continue to pose a serious threat to the World Trade Organization (WTO), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine the effect of regional economic integration on trade in COVID-19 products for Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries using quarterly data for 2010–2020. A panel data model is estimated using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood approach to address zero trade values, cross-sectional dependence, and heterogeneity problems. The findings of a case study on bilateral trade in COVID-19 products reveal that the ASEAN regional trade agreement is a stumbling block to the WTO’s rules-based multilateral trading system. The results indicate that the home country’s productive capacity, the host country’s absorptive capacity, the countries’ similarity in size and per capita income, and the countries’ remoteness have positive and significant relationships with trade in COVID-19 products in ASEAN economies. This study provides several policy implications for Southeast Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"46-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41425312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.162
K. Bissinger, R. Herrmann
Sustainability and online retailing are two of the main challenges in the food industry. This study analyzes how honey characteristics, including sustainability indicators, affect consumer prices for honey, using 241 German honey prices in online and offline retailing. Many honey characteristics significantly influence honey prices. However, a clear identification of the regional origin of honey has a particularly strong impact on the consumer price premium. It outperforms all other sustainability indicators such as fairtrade certification, organic production, and environmentally friendly packaging. Regional origins that receive high relative and absolute consumer price premiums are Germany and German regions as well as individual EU and non-EU countries that have a reputation for high-quality in the honey market. Given this evidence, the major demand-side argument behind high consumer price premiums for defined origins appears to be food-safety related concerns. Thus, foreign suppliers will gain from international honey trade with Germany in different ways, depending on their reputation for quality. The magnitude of price premiums is surprisingly stable across different years, as are online prices of honeys that belong to the “core” assortment. Changes in the depth of the assortment, such as non-price competition, rather than price adjustments clear the market.
{"title":"Regional Origin Outperforms All Other Sustainability Characteristics in Consumer Price Premiums for Honey: Empirical Evidence for Germany","authors":"K. Bissinger, R. Herrmann","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.162","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability and online retailing are two of the main challenges in the food industry. This study analyzes how honey characteristics, including sustainability indicators, affect consumer prices for honey, using 241 German honey prices in online and offline retailing. Many honey characteristics significantly influence honey prices. However, a clear identification of the regional origin of honey has a particularly strong impact on the consumer price premium. It outperforms all other sustainability indicators such as fairtrade certification, organic production, and environmentally friendly packaging. Regional origins that receive high relative and absolute consumer price premiums are Germany and German regions as well as individual EU and non-EU countries that have a reputation for high-quality in the honey market. Given this evidence, the major demand-side argument behind high consumer price premiums for defined origins appears to be food-safety related concerns. Thus, foreign suppliers will gain from international honey trade with Germany in different ways, depending on their reputation for quality. The magnitude of price premiums is surprisingly stable across different years, as are online prices of honeys that belong to the “core” assortment. Changes in the depth of the assortment, such as non-price competition, rather than price adjustments clear the market.","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"162-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.1
Seung-Gwan Baek, S. Kim, Tae-hwan Rhee
{"title":"[Editors’ Remarks] Special Theme 1: Globalization in the Era of COVID-19","authors":"Seung-Gwan Baek, S. Kim, Tae-hwan Rhee","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45526592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.3
A. Waldkirch
This study uses the COVID-19 follow-up surveys to the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys (ES) to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms around the world. The surveyed countries are selected from those in which the regular ES was recently conducted. This study finds that the pandemic’s impact has been swift, large, and heterogeneous. The pandemic’s negative effects on exports are greater than those on domestic sales and are also greater for foreign-owned firms that rely more on global value chains. The pandemic’s effects are very heterogeneous across countries and sectors.
{"title":"Firms around the World during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"A. Waldkirch","doi":"10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11130/JEI.2021.36.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses the COVID-19 follow-up surveys to the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys (ES) to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms around the world. The surveyed countries are selected from those in which the regular ES was recently conducted. This study finds that the pandemic’s impact has been swift, large, and heterogeneous. The pandemic’s negative effects on exports are greater than those on domestic sales and are also greater for foreign-owned firms that rely more on global value chains. The pandemic’s effects are very heterogeneous across countries and sectors.","PeriodicalId":45678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Integration","volume":"36 1","pages":"3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47106649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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