Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/14639947.2022.2033924
Bhadrajee S. Hewage
{"title":"Seeking Sakyamuni: South Asia in the Formation of Modern Japanese Buddhism","authors":"Bhadrajee S. Hewage","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2022.2033924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2022.2033924","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"21 1","pages":"446 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46830530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-11DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190843670.003.0005
D. Wright
What is the relationship between Buddhist teachings and the practice of Buddhism? Buddhist practices are spiritual activities or exercises intentionally undertaken to cultivate the mental states and ideal ways of living that are articulated in the teachings. The teachings explain what Buddhism is about in...
{"title":"Buddhist Practices","authors":"D. Wright","doi":"10.1093/wentk/9780190843670.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190843670.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"What is the relationship between Buddhist teachings and the practice of Buddhism?\u0000 Buddhist practices are spiritual activities or exercises intentionally undertaken to cultivate the mental states and ideal ways of living that are articulated in the teachings. The teachings explain what Buddhism is about in...","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80054529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-11DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190843670.003.0003
D. Wright
How and when did Buddhism spread beyond its origins in northeastern India? Buddhism began expanding out from its birthplace during the Buddha’s life, and that process continues today. Its mode of dissemination has typically been word of mouth: from person to person and community to...
{"title":"Buddhist Diversity","authors":"D. Wright","doi":"10.1093/wentk/9780190843670.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190843670.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"How and when did Buddhism spread beyond its origins in northeastern India?\u0000 Buddhism began expanding out from its birthplace during the Buddha’s life, and that process continues today. Its mode of dissemination has typically been word of mouth: from person to person and community to...","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87118736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-11DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190843670.003.0004
D. Wright
Do Buddhists believe in God? As you may have noticed, our discussions so far have hardly mentioned God. Buddhist teachings aren’t oriented around a theistic concept of God, God as creator or ruler or savior. Although images of the Buddha as savior or supreme being...
{"title":"Buddhist Teachings","authors":"D. Wright","doi":"10.1093/wentk/9780190843670.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190843670.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Do Buddhists believe in God?\u0000 As you may have noticed, our discussions so far have hardly mentioned God. Buddhist teachings aren’t oriented around a theistic concept of God, God as creator or ruler or savior. Although images of the Buddha as savior or supreme being...","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86147188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.1080/14639947.2020.1734731
Helen J. Baroni
ABSTRACT In the early 1970s, Zen in the United States remained a fledgling new religious movement, characterised by small, informal meditation groups or living room sanghas, and only a handful of larger practice centres in major metropolitan areas. Existing groups were experimenting, tentatively exploring possibilities to adapt Zen for an American context; groups’ continued survival was precarious. In retrospect, the American Zen movement was actually on the cusp of four decades of dramatic growth and change. This paper analyses data preserved in an unpublished study from 1973, and provides an overview of basic patterns such as membership size, geographical distribution, lineage affiliations and the place of teachers. It identifies and profiles the basic types of Zen organisations and their stage of institutional development, with special attention to group longevity, identifying factors that supported future growth and those that placed groups at the greatest risk for dissolution.
{"title":"A Retrospective Snapshot of American Zen in 1973","authors":"Helen J. Baroni","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2020.1734731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2020.1734731","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the early 1970s, Zen in the United States remained a fledgling new religious movement, characterised by small, informal meditation groups or living room sanghas, and only a handful of larger practice centres in major metropolitan areas. Existing groups were experimenting, tentatively exploring possibilities to adapt Zen for an American context; groups’ continued survival was precarious. In retrospect, the American Zen movement was actually on the cusp of four decades of dramatic growth and change. This paper analyses data preserved in an unpublished study from 1973, and provides an overview of basic patterns such as membership size, geographical distribution, lineage affiliations and the place of teachers. It identifies and profiles the basic types of Zen organisations and their stage of institutional development, with special attention to group longevity, identifying factors that supported future growth and those that placed groups at the greatest risk for dissolution.","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"21 1","pages":"304 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14639947.2020.1734731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48362065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1080/14639947.2020.1734734
M. Voyce
ABSTRACT This article deals with the Buddhist approach to death and the dilemmas facing Buddhists as regards the donation of their bodies after death. In particular, the article outlines the importance of the death process in providing an opportunity for transformation and Enlightenment. Firstly, the article deals with the issue of how bodies are procured for transplantation. This section notes the importance of the ‘brain death’ approach and the consequential issues surrounding the procurement of bodies that may arguably not be dead. Secondly, the article explores Buddhist views on organ transplants and how such views may fit within Buddhist ideas of the body, dying and the after life. In particular, the article describes how Buddhists may wish to structure their death and how these desires may not fit in with the structure and operation of ‘transplant medicine’.
{"title":"Organ Transplants and the Medicalisation of Death: Dilemmas for Tibetan Buddhists","authors":"M. Voyce","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2020.1734734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2020.1734734","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article deals with the Buddhist approach to death and the dilemmas facing Buddhists as regards the donation of their bodies after death. In particular, the article outlines the importance of the death process in providing an opportunity for transformation and Enlightenment. Firstly, the article deals with the issue of how bodies are procured for transplantation. This section notes the importance of the ‘brain death’ approach and the consequential issues surrounding the procurement of bodies that may arguably not be dead. Secondly, the article explores Buddhist views on organ transplants and how such views may fit within Buddhist ideas of the body, dying and the after life. In particular, the article describes how Buddhists may wish to structure their death and how these desires may not fit in with the structure and operation of ‘transplant medicine’.","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"21 1","pages":"190 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14639947.2020.1734734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-21DOI: 10.1080/14639947.2020.1734733
Daniel Capper
ABSTRACT A number of scientific writers have proposed manipulating the ecology of Mars in order to make the planet more comfortable for future immigrants from Earth. However, the ethical acceptability of such ‘terraforming’ proposals remains unresolved. In response, in this article I explore some of these scientific proposals through the lens provided by Buddhist environmental ethics that are quantitatively expressed by practitioners in the ethnographic field of the United States. What I find is that contemporary Buddhists combine philosophical notions of interconnectedness with moral considerations not to harm others and then creatively extend this combined sensibility to the protection specifically of abiotic features of Mars. In so doing, these Buddhists significantly reject proposals to alter the Martian ecology planet-wide as beyond the ethical right of humans. Along the way these Buddhists also, importantly, provide an innovative basis for enriching Buddhist environmental ethical protection of abiotic locations, and this strengthening can assist in mitigating climate change on Earth.
{"title":"American Buddhist Protection of Stones in Terms of Climate Change on Mars and Earth","authors":"Daniel Capper","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2020.1734733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2020.1734733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A number of scientific writers have proposed manipulating the ecology of Mars in order to make the planet more comfortable for future immigrants from Earth. However, the ethical acceptability of such ‘terraforming’ proposals remains unresolved. In response, in this article I explore some of these scientific proposals through the lens provided by Buddhist environmental ethics that are quantitatively expressed by practitioners in the ethnographic field of the United States. What I find is that contemporary Buddhists combine philosophical notions of interconnectedness with moral considerations not to harm others and then creatively extend this combined sensibility to the protection specifically of abiotic features of Mars. In so doing, these Buddhists significantly reject proposals to alter the Martian ecology planet-wide as beyond the ethical right of humans. Along the way these Buddhists also, importantly, provide an innovative basis for enriching Buddhist environmental ethical protection of abiotic locations, and this strengthening can assist in mitigating climate change on Earth.","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"21 1","pages":"149 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14639947.2020.1734733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41471341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-24DOI: 10.1080/14639947.2020.1723287
Weikun Cheng
ABSTRACT This paper will compare the ritual performance in two transnational Buddhist organizations in contemporary Taiwan in attempt to investigate the influencing factors in shaping transnational Buddhism. The traditions of both Buddhist organizations studied in this paper are foreign in Taiwan: one is of Sri Lankan Theravada tradition and the other is of Vietnamese Mahayana tradition. The ritual performance chosen for the discussion is commonly translated into English as “Ghost Festival”, though as to be shown later, the translation is somehow inappropriate. I will provide the ethnographic accounts of the Ghost Festival performed by the two organizations for discussion and comparison. Two influencing factors emerge from the comparative study are the role of ritual participants and the perception of the sacred. My discussion will show how these two factors shape Buddhist discourse in transnational context.
{"title":"Transnational Buddhism and Ritual Performance in Taiwan","authors":"Weikun Cheng","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2020.1723287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2020.1723287","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper will compare the ritual performance in two transnational Buddhist organizations in contemporary Taiwan in attempt to investigate the influencing factors in shaping transnational Buddhism. The traditions of both Buddhist organizations studied in this paper are foreign in Taiwan: one is of Sri Lankan Theravada tradition and the other is of Vietnamese Mahayana tradition. The ritual performance chosen for the discussion is commonly translated into English as “Ghost Festival”, though as to be shown later, the translation is somehow inappropriate. I will provide the ethnographic accounts of the Ghost Festival performed by the two organizations for discussion and comparison. Two influencing factors emerge from the comparative study are the role of ritual participants and the perception of the sacred. My discussion will show how these two factors shape Buddhist discourse in transnational context.","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"21 1","pages":"51 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14639947.2020.1723287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45077752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.1080/14639947.2020.1723285
J. Chia
ABSTRACT The restoration of Nanputuo Monastery (Nanputuo si 南普陀寺) in Xiamen and the revival of its South China Sea Buddhist networks in recent decades are significant factors in the religious resurgence in southeast China since the reform and open-door period. This article looks at an earlier role of such networks in this region, using Nanputuo Monastery as a case study, to explore the transregional Buddhist connections between southeast China and the Chinese diaspora from the turn of the twentieth century to 1949. It argues that new patterns of Buddhist mobility contributed to the circulation of people, ideas, and resources across the South China Sea. I show that, on the one hand, Buddhist monks and religious knowledge moved along these networks from China to Southeast Asia, while money from wealthy overseas Chinese was channelled along the networks for temple building in China; on the other hand, Buddhist monks relied on the networks to support China’s war effort and facilitate their relocation to Southeast Asia during the Sino–Japanese War. Examining these networks also explains the emergence of modernist Chinese Buddhism throughout Southeast Asia in the early to mid-twentieth century.
{"title":"Diaspora’s Dharma: Buddhist Connections across the South China Sea,1900–1949","authors":"J. Chia","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2020.1723285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2020.1723285","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The restoration of Nanputuo Monastery (Nanputuo si 南普陀寺) in Xiamen and the revival of its South China Sea Buddhist networks in recent decades are significant factors in the religious resurgence in southeast China since the reform and open-door period. This article looks at an earlier role of such networks in this region, using Nanputuo Monastery as a case study, to explore the transregional Buddhist connections between southeast China and the Chinese diaspora from the turn of the twentieth century to 1949. It argues that new patterns of Buddhist mobility contributed to the circulation of people, ideas, and resources across the South China Sea. I show that, on the one hand, Buddhist monks and religious knowledge moved along these networks from China to Southeast Asia, while money from wealthy overseas Chinese was channelled along the networks for temple building in China; on the other hand, Buddhist monks relied on the networks to support China’s war effort and facilitate their relocation to Southeast Asia during the Sino–Japanese War. Examining these networks also explains the emergence of modernist Chinese Buddhism throughout Southeast Asia in the early to mid-twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"21 1","pages":"33 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14639947.2020.1723285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44788337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.1080/14639947.2020.1723286
J. Reinke
ABSTRACT Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article discusses how the Fo Guang Shan Nan Hua Temple in South Africa constitutes a transnational religious space linking a ‘Global China’ and the dynamic interplay of its constituent parts (ROC/Taiwan, the Peoples Republic of China/PRC, Hong Kong, Singapore and the Chinese diasporas in South East Asia and worldwide) with the South African host society. It does so by looking at the complex processes of Chinese migration and diaspora building that generate the conditions for Fo Guang Shan’s developmental trajectory in South Africa, but also takes into consideration how Fo Guang Shan’s renjian Buddhism, and therefore socially engaged approach to the Dharma, generates multiple linkages and entanglements with South Africa’s host society. It aims to shed light on these dynamics, by examining the many different groups that are involved in the Nan Hua Temple. I argue that it is the ‘modernness’ of Fo Guang Shan renjian Buddhism (i.e. Buddhism for the human world) which, through a multitude of social, cultural, religious, charity and educational engagements, generates complex and diverse dynamics that link the Nan Hua temple space with the South African host society, a society that itself consists of people from a variety of backgrounds.
{"title":"The Buddha in Bronkhorstspruit: The Transnational Spread of the Taiwanese Buddhist Order Fo Guang Shan to South Africa","authors":"J. Reinke","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2020.1723286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2020.1723286","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article discusses how the Fo Guang Shan Nan Hua Temple in South Africa constitutes a transnational religious space linking a ‘Global China’ and the dynamic interplay of its constituent parts (ROC/Taiwan, the Peoples Republic of China/PRC, Hong Kong, Singapore and the Chinese diasporas in South East Asia and worldwide) with the South African host society. It does so by looking at the complex processes of Chinese migration and diaspora building that generate the conditions for Fo Guang Shan’s developmental trajectory in South Africa, but also takes into consideration how Fo Guang Shan’s renjian Buddhism, and therefore socially engaged approach to the Dharma, generates multiple linkages and entanglements with South Africa’s host society. It aims to shed light on these dynamics, by examining the many different groups that are involved in the Nan Hua Temple. I argue that it is the ‘modernness’ of Fo Guang Shan renjian Buddhism (i.e. Buddhism for the human world) which, through a multitude of social, cultural, religious, charity and educational engagements, generates complex and diverse dynamics that link the Nan Hua temple space with the South African host society, a society that itself consists of people from a variety of backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"21 1","pages":"15 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14639947.2020.1723286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44837949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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