The paper aims to investigate the impact of ESG practice on firms’ financial performance in the context of U.S. market from 2018 to 2020. The paper examines a sample of 57 U.S. non-financial firms belonging to the S&P 500. The Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) estimation is employed with an instrumental variable - the political views of the states where the studied firms are located. The paper shows that having a better practice of ESG could enhance firms’ financial performance measured by ROA, ROE, and TobinQ. These findings are consistent with the stakeholder-focused theory instead of shareholder-focus perspective. In addition, the magnitude of the influence of the ESG practice on TobinQ is significantly higher than that of the ESG-ROA and ESG-ROE relations. It reveals that the ESG benefits could make the firms appear more attractive to investors, creating higher market values of the firms’ assets and then higher TobinQ ratio. Not as the TobinQ enhancement, the significant improvement in ROA and ROE would be realized in the long run rather than short term. The low managerial ownership in the U.S. market may increase the chance of ESG overinvestment by the firms’ managers, hence reducing firm value. However, under the pressure of the investors’ strong demand for socially responsible investing, the U.S. firms tend to become involved in ESG activities, obtaining a strong stakeholder commitment and thus creating additional firm value in the long run.
{"title":"Help or Hurt? The Impact of ESG on Firm Performance in S&P 500 Non-Financial Firms","authors":"","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to investigate the impact of ESG practice on firms’ financial performance in the context of U.S. market from 2018 to 2020. The paper examines a sample of 57 U.S. non-financial firms belonging to the S&P 500. The Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) estimation is employed with an instrumental variable - the political views of the states where the studied firms are located. The paper shows that having a better practice of ESG could enhance firms’ financial performance measured by ROA, ROE, and TobinQ. These findings are consistent with the stakeholder-focused theory instead of shareholder-focus perspective. In addition, the magnitude of the influence of the ESG practice on TobinQ is significantly higher than that of the ESG-ROA and ESG-ROE relations. It reveals that the ESG benefits could make the firms appear more attractive to investors, creating higher market values of the firms’ assets and then higher TobinQ ratio. Not as the TobinQ enhancement, the significant improvement in ROA and ROE would be realized in the long run rather than short term. The low managerial ownership in the U.S. market may increase the chance of ESG overinvestment by the firms’ managers, hence reducing firm value. However, under the pressure of the investors’ strong demand for socially responsible investing, the U.S. firms tend to become involved in ESG activities, obtaining a strong stakeholder commitment and thus creating additional firm value in the long run.","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83336677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For decades, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been an area at the heart of business research. The aspects of CSR that researchers have been focusing on have grown exponentially. Most research efforts have dwelled on its positive effects, including good behavioural changes, promising financial performance, social investment and development, and environmental preservation and protection. On the other hand, several scholars have questioned the credibility of CSR and its link to unethical financial conduct, particularly earnings management. This review paper uses a systematic literature review to conduct bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis in order to identify trends and outcomes of CSR reporting and earnings management research. The literature review search is guided by PRISMA and analyses 152 Scopus-indexed articles between 2005 and 2021. As a result, this paper reveals the most influential authors and articles, leading journals and countries, and research cluster networks. This review also outlines the theoretical perspectives and future direction of CSR and earnings management research. In addition, this review paper provides critical and beneficial insights for stakeholders and researchers.
{"title":"Past, Present, and Future of Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management Research","authors":"F. N. R. M. Sofian, I. Mohd-Sabrun, R. Muhamad","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been an area at the heart of business research. The aspects of CSR that researchers have been focusing on have grown exponentially. Most research efforts have dwelled on its positive effects, including good behavioural changes, promising financial performance, social investment and development, and environmental preservation and protection. On the other hand, several scholars have questioned the credibility of CSR and its link to unethical financial conduct, particularly earnings management. This review paper uses a systematic literature review to conduct bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis in order to identify trends and outcomes of CSR reporting and earnings management research. The literature review search is guided by PRISMA and analyses 152 Scopus-indexed articles between 2005 and 2021. As a result, this paper reveals the most influential authors and articles, leading journals and countries, and research cluster networks. This review also outlines the theoretical perspectives and future direction of CSR and earnings management research. In addition, this review paper provides critical and beneficial insights for stakeholders and researchers.","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"IA-11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84590250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahamudul Hassan, Mohammad Nurul Alam, Nadine Campbell, D. Bowyer, M. Reaz
{"title":"Human Resource Management in Health Care Industries for Generation Y: Challenges of the 21st Century","authors":"Mahamudul Hassan, Mohammad Nurul Alam, Nadine Campbell, D. Bowyer, M. Reaz","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90099690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rashid, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Hajar Roudaki, Qaiser Rafique Yasser
Purpose –The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature on corporate fraud as well as financial crime and the prevention approaches used in different contexts. It also aims to find suitable approaches that have effectively been applied to prevent fraud. In addition, this paper attempts to identify the causes and effects of those frauds on the stakeholders of the business. Design/methodology/approachBased on the review of the literature concerning corporate fraud as well as financial crime from 2003 to 2018. Findings-Focusing on peer-reviewed articles from 2003 to 2018, the study reveals that the internal control system is the most effective approach to prevent and detect corporate fraud which is the component of
{"title":"An Overview of Corporate Fraud and its Prevention Approach","authors":"M. Rashid, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Hajar Roudaki, Qaiser Rafique Yasser","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose –The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature on corporate fraud as well as financial crime and the prevention approaches used in different contexts. It also aims to find suitable approaches that have effectively been applied to prevent fraud. In addition, this paper attempts to identify the causes and effects of those frauds on the stakeholders of the business. Design/methodology/approachBased on the review of the literature concerning corporate fraud as well as financial crime from 2003 to 2018. Findings-Focusing on peer-reviewed articles from 2003 to 2018, the study reveals that the internal control system is the most effective approach to prevent and detect corporate fraud which is the component of","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80987097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to determine how different audit considerations determine risk between certified auditors and non-certified auditors. This study uses an empirical study approach using an experimental method. Experiments without control (natural) are carried out through audit cases encountered in the field during the audit process. This study's participants were 52 auditors with two categories, namely 26 participants with certified auditors and 26 participants for non-certified auditors. Data collection using the deployment of instruments after the field audit process is carried out. Based on the one-way analysis of the Annova test data, it shows that there are significant differences in audit considerations in determining risk between certified auditors and non-certified auditors. Certified auditors have more professional competence in providing audit considerations in determining risk. The problem of work culture for uncertified auditors is a residual risk that is difficult to detect and can lead to audit failure. Professional certified auditors' competence in providing risk considerations will encourage the formation of smart governance, given that auditors are a synergistic catalyst in organizational processes. Practical recommendations to the leadership of a government institution, especially state universities in Indonesia, that the internal auditors in a university, together with the leadership and the authorized departments, need to establish a risk map in a university leadership provision auditors. To always improve competence in the form of expertise certification training in the audit field. Professional judgment in determining audit risk by looking deeper into the theory of judgment decision making (Connolly, Arkes, and Hammond, 2000). The research approach used a study conducted by Fukukawa and Mock (2011). This study uses internal auditors at state universities in Indonesia, where an experiment is designed to determine internal audit risk. The determination of audit risk will ensure that the audit is right on target, effective, and efficient.
本研究旨在确定不同的审计考虑因素如何决定注册审计师和非注册审计师之间的风险。本研究采用实证研究的方法，采用实验方法。通过审计过程中现场遇到的审计案例，进行无控制(自然)实验。本研究的参与者为52名审核员，分为两类，即26名认证审核员和26名非认证审核员。在进行现场审计过程后，使用部署仪器收集数据。基于方差检验数据的单向分析，表明注册审核员和非注册审核员在确定风险的审计考虑方面存在显著差异。注册审计师在提供审计考虑因素以确定风险方面具有更强的专业能力。对于未认证的审核员来说，工作文化问题是一种难以发现的残余风险，可能导致审核失败。鉴于审核员是组织过程中的协同催化剂，专业注册审核员在提供风险考虑方面的能力将鼓励形成智能治理。对政府机构，特别是印尼国立大学领导层的实际建议是，大学内部审计师需要与领导层和授权部门一起，在大学领导层提供审计人员中建立风险图。始终以专业知识认证培训的形式提高审核人员的能力。通过深入研究判断决策理论，专业判断在确定审计风险中的作用(Connolly, Arkes, and Hammond, 2000)。研究方法采用了fuukawa和Mock(2011)的研究。本研究使用印尼州立大学的内部审计师，在那里设计了一个实验来确定内部审计风险。审计风险的确定将确保审计准确、有效和高效。
{"title":"Professional Considerations for Audit Risk in Creating Smart Governance in Indonesia","authors":"M. Sudarma, Lely Kumalawati","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i4.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine how different audit considerations determine risk between certified auditors and non-certified auditors. This study uses an empirical study approach using an experimental method. Experiments without control (natural) are carried out through audit cases encountered in the field during the audit process. This study's participants were 52 auditors with two categories, namely 26 participants with certified auditors and 26 participants for non-certified auditors. Data collection using the deployment of instruments after the field audit process is carried out. Based on the one-way analysis of the Annova test data, it shows that there are significant differences in audit considerations in determining risk between certified auditors and non-certified auditors. Certified auditors have more professional competence in providing audit considerations in determining risk. The problem of work culture for uncertified auditors is a residual risk that is difficult to detect and can lead to audit failure. Professional certified auditors' competence in providing risk considerations will encourage the formation of smart governance, given that auditors are a synergistic catalyst in organizational processes. Practical recommendations to the leadership of a government institution, especially state universities in Indonesia, that the internal auditors in a university, together with the leadership and the authorized departments, need to establish a risk map in a university leadership provision auditors. To always improve competence in the form of expertise certification training in the audit field. Professional judgment in determining audit risk by looking deeper into the theory of judgment decision making (Connolly, Arkes, and Hammond, 2000). The research approach used a study conducted by Fukukawa and Mock (2011). This study uses internal auditors at state universities in Indonesia, where an experiment is designed to determine internal audit risk. The determination of audit risk will ensure that the audit is right on target, effective, and efficient.","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financial Technology Solutions for Financial Inclusion: A review and future agenda","authors":"K. Neelam, Sonali Bhattacharya","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i5.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"2019 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80109826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critical Assessment of Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) in India and Suggesting measures to increase their Efficiency in comparison with International Instruments","authors":"Malav Shah, K. Bhagwat","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i5.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i5.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80297626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing a Novel Model for Stock Price Prediction Using an Integrated Multi-Stage Structure: The Case of the Bombay Stock Exchange","authors":"M. Sedighi, Fereydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i6.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i6.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91262592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aims of this study are threefold. Firstly, it examines the long-term improvement in the corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Secondly, it highlights the favourable financial implications of the higher corporate ESG performance disclosure. The third aim is to provide insight into the industrial impact on the relationship between corporate ESG performance disclosure and financial performance. This study uses a sample of all Australian publicly listed companies between 2007 and 2017 and conducts a panel regression analysis. It also performs several robustness checks to address the methodological, sample selection and endogeneity issues concerning corporate ESG performance disclosure. The findings show a tangible improvement in Australian companies' corporate ESG performance disclosure, favourably associated with financial performance. However, while the corporate ESG performance disclosure appears to be linked to higher financial performance, this is not the case across different industries. The industrial impact on the association between corporate ESG performance disclosure and financial performance has several implications. Firstly, the stakeholders' pressure on companies to address ESG-related concerns is substantial, enhancing corporate financial performance. Secondly, the findings indicate that corporate ESG performance disclosure does not benefit corporations in different industry sectors equally. It, therefore, requires more focus and interpretation by corporate decision-makers. Thirdly, by promoting ESG-related disclosure, managers should consider diverse stakeholders in different industries that weigh business objectives differently. The results of this study provide insights for corporate managers regarding prioritising resource allocations to ESG-related activities that could impact financial performance differently in different industry sectors. The results of this study contribute to the growing literature on the financial implications of corporate ESG performance disclosures, notably different industrial characteristics. 4
{"title":"The Impact of Corporate ESG Performance Disclosure across Australian Industries","authors":"Amir Gholami, John Sands, Syed Shams","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i4.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study are threefold. Firstly, it examines the long-term improvement in the corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Secondly, it highlights the favourable financial implications of the higher corporate ESG performance disclosure. The third aim is to provide insight into the industrial impact on the relationship between corporate ESG performance disclosure and financial performance. This study uses a sample of all Australian publicly listed companies between 2007 and 2017 and conducts a panel regression analysis. It also performs several robustness checks to address the methodological, sample selection and endogeneity issues concerning corporate ESG performance disclosure. The findings show a tangible improvement in Australian companies' corporate ESG performance disclosure, favourably associated with financial performance. However, while the corporate ESG performance disclosure appears to be linked to higher financial performance, this is not the case across different industries. The industrial impact on the association between corporate ESG performance disclosure and financial performance has several implications. Firstly, the stakeholders' pressure on companies to address ESG-related concerns is substantial, enhancing corporate financial performance. Secondly, the findings indicate that corporate ESG performance disclosure does not benefit corporations in different industry sectors equally. It, therefore, requires more focus and interpretation by corporate decision-makers. Thirdly, by promoting ESG-related disclosure, managers should consider diverse stakeholders in different industries that weigh business objectives differently. The results of this study provide insights for corporate managers regarding prioritising resource allocations to ESG-related activities that could impact financial performance differently in different industry sectors. The results of this study contribute to the growing literature on the financial implications of corporate ESG performance disclosures, notably different industrial characteristics. 4","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77098938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Performance Scores Reduce the Cost of Debt? Evidence from Indian firms","authors":"Ankit Arora, Dipasha Sharma","doi":"10.14453/aabfj.v16i5.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i5.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45715,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76829406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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