Clinica Y Salud最新文献

Drug use remains today one of the health problems of greatest concern to society. According to the most recent state epidemiological data, women's consumption continuously increases, becoming more and more similar to that of men. However, this same trend does not occur in terms of access to treatment, and when women seek treatment, there is a marked difficulty in adherence to treatment as abandoning it is often the case. Such is the importance of meeting the specific needs of substance-abusing women, that it is even highlighted as a priority and an integral element of the latest Action Plan on Drugs 2013-2016 (Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas, 2013a). In this sense, at the empirical level, researchers have started to study the possible differences men and women may present in drug treatment, as well as the development of a gender-specific treatment. The aim of this theoretical review paper is to analyze the elements that characterize drug dependent women, establishing what aspects should be taken into account in the intervention with women from previous research or from on-going research, suggesting its implementation and future research directions.

The case of an eleven-year old child with an obsessive compulsive disorder is described. He was coward since he was a baby, with temperamental characteristics of inflexibility and persistence. The symptoms appeared from a negative family event and increased over the last two years. At the moment of evaluation the disorder interfered negatively in the child's family, personal, and social dynamics. A diagnosis of his difficulties was made by means of a clinical interview, observation, and standard tests. An intervention consisting of cognitive behavioral training was carried out, with the participation of parents and teachers. The case's evolution and follow up are described.

This paper shows the description, evaluation, and treatment of a study case with a generalized anxiety disorder. The case is a 16-year-old boy who suffers from a high emotional distress due to several worries. An assessment with different instruments that allows diagnosis and delimitation of the most important variables is performed. After this process of evaluation a multicomponent intervention, which integrates different techniques and strategies of cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and interpersonal character, is implemented. The results reflect substantial changes in symptoms that suggest the adequacy and effectiveness of the intervention. The role of worries as a component of the generalized anxiety disorder, difficulties, and limitations of the intervention and future actions to consolidate the achievements are discussed.

In this paper, a case study is presented. The client had been in therapy before, and had abandoned all previous treatments before any significant improvement had taken place. In the treatment reported here, she committed to the therapy and made progress. Possible reasons for this change in adherence are discussed.

Today's clinical psychology advocates for empirically validated treatments. This supports the need for outcome-driven research, but may overlook the importance of process-driven research, which can respond to the question of why psychological treatments work. Functional analysis of behaviour has received a new boost with the emergence of the third wave of psychological therapies, which stress the importance of verbal behaviour in therapy as a way to access and modify client problems. The case presented in this work was analysed in order to make an approach to the strengthening processes that take place in therapy through verbal interaction. First, we developed and applied a categorization system of client's adaptive verbalizations. We found that this type of verbalizations increase significantly after the first few sessions, remain high in the middle sessions, and gradually decrease towards the end of the therapy. We subsequently developed and used a system of categorization of therapist's verbal behaviour. We found that agreeable verbalizations were concentrated in the middle sessions, being replaced by other verbalizations in the final sessions.

The Spanish Model of Transplantation has achieved global recognition, because of its efficacy and efficiency levels. Almost always, organ transplant is the person's only chance of survival. So, organ transplantation could be considered a stage-process related to a stressful life event which individuals must cope with. The waiting list stage probably is associated to a higher psychological vulnerability, as it is usually a long process and a real risk to survival, characterized by high uncertainty. The case of a woman diagnosed with an adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood associated with being on a waiting list for two years is presented. A cognitive-behavioral intervention was applied to develop more adaptive coping-skills, to manage rumination, and to learn to live with uncertainty. Results showed significant clinical outcomes in those mechanisms and also in anxiety and depression levels. These changes were maintained in the follow-up stage, one month later.

This paper presents two techniques for the data analysis of single case designs in psychological treatment research: indices of data overlap between phases to estimate the size of treatment effect (or the magnitude of therapeutic change) and Jacobson and Truax's (1991) statistical approach to estimate the clinical significance of treatment effect. Based on a case of a victim of terrorism who suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia and received trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, this paper illustrates the computation and application of percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), percentage of data points exceeding the median (PEM), non-overlap of all pairs (NAP), and statistical approach to clinical significance, and discusses their advantages and limitations as a complement of visual analysis of data.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and irrepressible worry (apprehensive anticipation) that causes high anxiety levels and emotional distress. In the last few years, the metacognitive model (Wells, 1999) has had a strong empirical support and studied said disorder focusing its attention on the underlying cognitive processing involved. Next, the clinical case of a 33-year-old male with a diagnosis of F41.1, Generalized Anxiety Disorder [300.02], according to DSM-V criteria (APA, 2013), will be presented. Based on the cognitive behavioral therapy and with particular emphasis on the model cited above, the therapeutic intervention process conducted is detailed as well as the results of the pre- and post-treatment evaluation that show its efficiency and effectiveness.

The purpose of this research was to examine the role of fatigue, depression, and personality traits in males with and without multiple sclerosis (MS) and to investigate the influence of age and the numbers of years of education on these constructs. Participants were 30 males with MS and 30 males without MS from Shiraz City, Iran, who were selected following a sampling method. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R), and a demographic questionnaire were applied. Resulting data showed that patients with MS had significantly higher fatigue, depression, and neuroticism compared to control group. Resulting data showed that patients without MS had higher levels of extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness compared with patients with MS. There was no significant effect for age and the numbers of years of education on fatigue and depression, nor on the Big Five personality traits.

Phantom limb syndrome patients experience uncomfortable sensations corresponding to a previously amputated body part. This paper extensively evaluates three cases of patients with phantom limb pain that underwent a treatment based on electromyographic biofeedback. The study involved five men and one woman with upper limb amputation. Treatment consisted of ten sessions of EMG biofeedback, with a frequency of twice a week. In addition, beliefs about the phantom limb and its effects on everyday life were collected through semi-structured interviews about the attenuation of pain. Three participants who completed the study reported on the monitoring carried out two months after a reduction of 46.8% in the intensity of pain, and had been attenuated phantom sensation. In conclusion, we can say that the data obtained are promising, but further studies with a much larger sample and where a greater control of the variables is given are required.