Clinica Y Salud最新文献

In this study, both Bornstein's Relationship Profile Test (RPT) and Derogatis’ Symptom Ckeck List (SCL-90-R) were administered to a nonclinical sample of 119 subjects from Madrid (Spain). Healthy dependency, dysfunctional detachment and destructive overdependence (RPT subscales) were evaluated and correlated with SCL-90-R symptom dimensions. Destructive overdependence correlated positively with every SCL-90-R psychopathology dimension. On the contrary, healthy dependency correlated negatively with all these SCL-90-R dimensions. Gender differences were significant with regard to the correlation between dysfunctional detachment and paranoid ideation. In women dysfunctional detachment correlated positively with paranoid ideation, whereas in men the resultant correlation was negative and not significant. This gender difference in the relationship between dysfunctional detachment and paranoid ideation may suggest a new line of inquiry on paranoid pathology. Besides, the study explores the SCL-90-R psychopathology scores of several clusters of individuals with different profiles of dependency-detachment obtained from the RPT subscale scores.

Physical inactivity has become a major public health problem because it is one of the biggest risk factors for multiple diseases. Walking is an easy way to increase physical activity (PA), and pedometers are technological devices that can help to increase and maintain the motivation for walking and PA in general. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a review of the existing scientific literature on the effectiveness of these interventions in adults. To do so, the paper will analyze the characteristics of pedometers and pedometer-based interventions, the characteristics of users who have enjoyed more benefits from these interventions, the main theoretical models for pedometer use in PA interventions, the advantages and disadvantages of using pedometers in PA interventions, and the potential of the new generation of pedometers to increase PA levels. Although more evidence is needed, results indicate that pedometers are useful tools to increase PA.

A person's speech makes it possible to identify significant indicators which reflect certain characteristics of his/her personality organization, but also can vary depending on the relevance of specific moments of the session and the symptoms type. The present study analyzed 10 completed and successful therapeutic processes using a mixed methodology. The therapies were video–and audio-taped, as well as observed through a one-way mirror by trained observers. All the sessions of each therapy were considered (N = 230) in order to identify, delimit, transcribe, and analyze Change Episodes (CEs = 24) and Stuck Episodes (SEs = 26). Each episode was made up by patients’ speech segments (N = 1,282), which were considered as the sampling unit. The Therapeutic Activity Coding System (TACS-1.0) was used to manually code each patient's verbalizations, nested within episodes and individuals, in order to analyze them using Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM). The findings suggest that anaclitic patients tend to use more verbalizations in order to ask for feedback or to be understood by their therapists (attune), whereas introjective patients tend to use more verbalizations in order to construct new meanings (resignify) during therapeutic conversation, but especially during SEs. Clinical implications to enrich the therapeutic practice are discussed.

This study analyses the dimensionality and psychometric properties of the Affective Balance Scale by comparing two versions, the original by Warr, Barter, and Brownbridge (1983) and the proposed by Godoy-Izquierdo, Martínez, and Godoy (2008), and examines the effect of some items’ wording on the possible outcome. Six-hundred people between the ages of 18 and 58 from the normative population participated in the study. Even though the two versions of the scale present an acceptable and similar goodness of fit index (GFI), the proposed version demonstrated greater reliability and better mean discrimination. The research also found a good adjustment for the second order factor structure (affective balance) with two first order factors (negative and positive affect). Even though the findings only indicated an effect on the items with a positive affect dimension, it is our recommendation that users of the scale adopt the proposed version and refrain from using ‘very’ as item qualifier.

The goal of the present study was to assess depressive symptoms, problem-solving skills, and their role in therapeutic change in an indicated prevention of depression intervention aimed at non-professional female caregivers. We performed a randomized controlled trial in which participants were randomized to a problem-solving intervention (n = 89) or a usual care control group (n = 84). There was a significant pre- to post-treatment improvement in problem-solving skills in the intervention group, t(88) = -10.44, p < .001. We also observed significant associations between depressive symptomatology and positive (r = -.22, p = .043) and negative (r = .21, p = .045) problem orientation, as well as the generation of alternative solutions (r = -.22, p = .040). The changes in global and functional problem-solving skills were moderators of the post-treatment decrease in depressive symptomatology.

The objective of this study is to find out if the variables state-anxiety, trait-anxiety, positive-affect, negative-affect, alexithymia, and adaptive (personal and interpersonal) resources can predict emotional maladjustment in infertile people, taking into account the potentially moderating role of gender. A sample of 101 participants with an infertility diagnosis (51 males and 50 females) completed a battery of psychological tests (DERA, Emotional Maladjustment and Adaptive Resources in Infertility questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI], PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and TAS-20, [Toronto Alexithymia Scale]). The moderating, partial, and interactive effects of the variables were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. The resulting model explained 71.1% of total variance, resulting in gender as an important moderating variable and trait anxiety, state anxiety, negative affect, and low interpersonal resources as strong predictors of emotional maladjustment in infertile people. These results provide guidance in selecting the most appropriate psychological support and treatment for the emotional adjustment of infertile women and men.

The purpose of this work was to collect construct and criterion-related evidence of validity for a summary test (RESUMeV) designed to assess students from fourth and sixth grade. The sample of this study consisted of 528 children, 236 from fourth grade and 296 from sixth grade. They were drawn from 21 different primary schools. Several criteria were used. To evaluate the internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was calculated for all summary evaluation criteria (content, coherence, and style); a homogeneity index (Hj) was calculated too. The validity was evaluated by comparing academic levels. As for the results, both reliability and validity indices were high and significant. These results provide empirical evidence for the validity of the summary test.

The main vulnerability factors subsequent to rape described in the literature have been included in this research to check their effects on the symptomatology developed in sexual assault victims. The participants were 77 women victims of sexual assaults when they were adults, attending the Victms of Sexual Assaults Centre (C.A.V.A.S.) in Madrid between 2010 and 2013. The factors with a higher predictive value were high maladaptive beliefs about one's self, the belief about future control, or developing preventative behaviors; coping strategies include planning, instrumental social support, and substance use. Factors standing out as predictors of a better adjustment include present control or control over the recovery, self-distraction (as coping strategy), and satisfaction with the social support. Finally, implications of results are described and future directions of research are suggested.

Burden is a key concept in the study of caregivers’ emotional status. Since its introduction in the field, the concept of burden has evolved from unidimensional definitions to a clear differentiation between objective and subjective burden and even to multidimensional models. Nevertheless, the assessment of burden in gerontology has continuously focused, almost exclusively, on Zarit Caregirver Burden Interview. The present study aims to review and analyze the available scales for the assessment of burden applied in gerontology, in order to establish their feasibility according to caregiving features. Moreover, the study determines the burden model underlying each instrument. Consequently, recommendations for the selection of the best instrument for each caregiver and assessment objective are provided.

The prognosis, along with diagnosis and treatment, is one of the strongest pillars of clinical psychology. Among the first questions often asked when a person is diagnosed with a mental disorder is whether this disorder can be treated successfully, the likely course, and the chances of recovery. This paper poses the need and clinical utility of making predictions about prognosis, as well as its empirical support. The purpose of this study was to describe the relevant variables for the accuracy of prognostic judgments in the day-to-day practice of clinical psychology and to point out the steps to be taken in formulating the prognosis. Finally, the possible biases of clinical psychologists are considered in order to minimize and, insofar as possible, to correct them. Suggestions for future research are outlined.