Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2257700
Mziwoxolo Sirayi
AbstractSouth Africa is rapidly obliterating its cultural resources and indigenous values. Particularly, this is the case in rural South Africa where manifestations of socio-economic declensions are evident. However, a number of the policies that are meant to enhance rural development lack a cohesive strategy that is based on culture-based theoretical frameworks. The paper argues that the conspicuous disregard to address rural development and its concomitant socio-economic challenges in the Revised White Paper on Arts, Culture, and Heritage, 2017, by the Department of Arts and Culture (DAC), now (DSAC); poses a great threat to sustainable rural developmentKeywords: Smart Villageculturecultural policyindigenous knowledgetop-down approachco-creation theorysustainable rural development AcknowledgmentsThe author is grateful to Prof. Godfrey Anyumba and Dr Sibusiso Ndlangamandla for their comments and insightful reviews.Author contributionsThis is a sole authored article.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe author confirms that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
{"title":"Culture-Led Smart Villages: A Critical Cultural Policy Analysis in South Africa","authors":"Mziwoxolo Sirayi","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2257700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2257700","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSouth Africa is rapidly obliterating its cultural resources and indigenous values. Particularly, this is the case in rural South Africa where manifestations of socio-economic declensions are evident. However, a number of the policies that are meant to enhance rural development lack a cohesive strategy that is based on culture-based theoretical frameworks. The paper argues that the conspicuous disregard to address rural development and its concomitant socio-economic challenges in the Revised White Paper on Arts, Culture, and Heritage, 2017, by the Department of Arts and Culture (DAC), now (DSAC); poses a great threat to sustainable rural developmentKeywords: Smart Villageculturecultural policyindigenous knowledgetop-down approachco-creation theorysustainable rural development AcknowledgmentsThe author is grateful to Prof. Godfrey Anyumba and Dr Sibusiso Ndlangamandla for their comments and insightful reviews.Author contributionsThis is a sole authored article.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe author confirms that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2257684
Sz-Yi Yeh, Yung-Cheng Hsieh
Digital artwork can facilitate the spread of culture while preserving and sustaining its value. However, digital image transactions are trapped in the traditional trading modes. As digital technology and the Internet of Things progressed, society moved into the information age. Thus, our conceptualization of private intellectual property rights evolved, allowing for the removal of artificial barriers between rights owners and consumers. This study bridges this gap by developing an individually-tailored authorized trading platform for digital artwork. First, we use copyrights underlying digital artwork licensing as a lens to examine new copyright licensing model challenges and the use of value-added applications in the modern digital environment. Second, we analyze foreign digital artwork trading platforms to better understand the functions of a digital artwork image licensing platform. By using the questionnaire to determine what functions digital artwork platforms should include, we can shift the object of investigation to the artists themselves.
{"title":"Building an Online Licensing Platform for Digital Images of Artwork","authors":"Sz-Yi Yeh, Yung-Cheng Hsieh","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2257684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2257684","url":null,"abstract":"Digital artwork can facilitate the spread of culture while preserving and sustaining its value. However, digital image transactions are trapped in the traditional trading modes. As digital technology and the Internet of Things progressed, society moved into the information age. Thus, our conceptualization of private intellectual property rights evolved, allowing for the removal of artificial barriers between rights owners and consumers. This study bridges this gap by developing an individually-tailored authorized trading platform for digital artwork. First, we use copyrights underlying digital artwork licensing as a lens to examine new copyright licensing model challenges and the use of value-added applications in the modern digital environment. Second, we analyze foreign digital artwork trading platforms to better understand the functions of a digital artwork image licensing platform. By using the questionnaire to determine what functions digital artwork platforms should include, we can shift the object of investigation to the artists themselves.","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2237020
Joaquim Rius-Ulldemolins
Abstract Cultural policy in USA has usually been considered an exception at the international level, not only because it constitutes a unique model due to its liberal orientation and its lack of central coordination, but also because it stands out for the limitations it places on federal action. The explanation for this has traditionally focused on external factors such as the rejection of totalitarianism or the strength of the private cultural market. However, this emphasis on factors external to the cultural system is exaggerated and above all, underestimates internal factors of a religious nature. For this reason, we propose that one of the explanatory factors for this singularity is Protestantism in its most fundamentalist variants, which promotes an anti-intellectual and puritanical political culture. Consequently, a part of the population and especially the political elite linked to the Christian right has limited the consolidation and empowerment of cultural policy since the 1960s.
{"title":"The Land of (Almost) No Central Government Arts Spending? Cultural Policy, Protestant Denominations, and the Cultural Policy Singularity of Unites States of America","authors":"Joaquim Rius-Ulldemolins","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2237020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2237020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cultural policy in USA has usually been considered an exception at the international level, not only because it constitutes a unique model due to its liberal orientation and its lack of central coordination, but also because it stands out for the limitations it places on federal action. The explanation for this has traditionally focused on external factors such as the rejection of totalitarianism or the strength of the private cultural market. However, this emphasis on factors external to the cultural system is exaggerated and above all, underestimates internal factors of a religious nature. For this reason, we propose that one of the explanatory factors for this singularity is Protestantism in its most fundamentalist variants, which promotes an anti-intellectual and puritanical political culture. Consequently, a part of the population and especially the political elite linked to the Christian right has limited the consolidation and empowerment of cultural policy since the 1960s.","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43792411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2237010
Patricia Saraniero
{"title":"The Beginner’s Guide to Opera Stage Management: Gathering the Tools You Need to Work in Opera","authors":"Patricia Saraniero","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2237010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2237010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46776434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2240132
Mirae Kim, Jodi R Benenson
Abstract The term “community engagement” has been a buzzword in the arts and culture sector, but it has been used interchangeably with “civic engagement” and “audience engagement” without a clear understanding of arts and culture nonprofit organizations. Using original survey data from 106 nonprofit arts and culture organizations, our study identifies the overlap as well as the gap between audience engagement and civic engagement as understood by arts and culture nonprofits, as well as common organizational characteristics that are associated with certain types of engagement activities. We propose ways to differentiate audience engagement and civic engagement activities in arts and culture nonprofits.
{"title":"Arts and Culture Nonprofits as Civic Actors: Mapping Audience, Community, and Civic Engagement in Nonprofit Organizations","authors":"Mirae Kim, Jodi R Benenson","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2240132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2240132","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The term “community engagement” has been a buzzword in the arts and culture sector, but it has been used interchangeably with “civic engagement” and “audience engagement” without a clear understanding of arts and culture nonprofit organizations. Using original survey data from 106 nonprofit arts and culture organizations, our study identifies the overlap as well as the gap between audience engagement and civic engagement as understood by arts and culture nonprofits, as well as common organizational characteristics that are associated with certain types of engagement activities. We propose ways to differentiate audience engagement and civic engagement activities in arts and culture nonprofits.","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46748564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2215462
Ariana Malthaner
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 The exact number of Irish respondents is not given, only the total number of participants – 28,093 – is provided.
注1没有给出爱尔兰受访者的确切人数，只提供了参与者的总人数——28,093人。
{"title":"Creative Women in Ireland: Not Your Muse","authors":"Ariana Malthaner","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2215462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2215462","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 The exact number of Irish respondents is not given, only the total number of participants – 28,093 – is provided.","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2203685
B. Heidelberg
Survey textbooks have a lot to accomplish. Providing students and practitioners with an overview of a field is a daunting task with many things for an author to consider. There the Victoria Harbor seemed to be the most pressing problems that the administration of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“government”) had to address. The years 2006–2007 represent a turning moment in the post-colonial history of built heritage protection, as the following chapter indicates. The decision of the government to demolish several built heritage sites caused public protest as well as unsuccessful litigation. After 2007, the seventh chapter suggests, Hong Kong’s built heritage policy underwent considerable change. The establishment of the New Antiquities Authority, the adoption of a new policy regarding heritage impact assessment as well as the implementation of a scheme for the revitalization of historic buildings were some of the most important initiatives. The eighth chapter operates as a bridge with the next and final chapter. It takes stock of the bright and dark sides of protecting built heritage in Hong Kong after 2007. In terms of successes, the growing consultation of public opinion concerning heritage-related matters is noticeable (77). By contrast, amongst the darker sides are the disputes about the inscription of certain heritage sites into the World Heritage List and the practical implementation of the heritage impact assessment scheme. Gallagher in the final chapter pushes for the reform of Hong Kong’s built heritage law and policy by listing specific recommendations. Gazing to the future, Gallagher, concludes with confidence about the long-term preservation of Hong Kong’s built heritage (111). From the perspective of the reviewers, Protecting Built Heritage in Hong Kong fills the lacuna of scholarly research into built heritage legislation and policy in Hong Kong by providing a comprehensive analysis. The book is constructive, enlightening, concise and easily accessible to the average reader. Consisting of 111 pages, the book can be read from cover to cover in a reasonably short amount of time. The book throws a net that is both broad and deep enough to appeal to both academics and a wider audience. The book is welcomed by legal scholars and students but also heritage professionals working in the field of cultural heritage and policy as well as to those who maintain an interest to learn more about Hong Kong’s rich built heritage.
{"title":"Managing Arts Organizations","authors":"B. Heidelberg","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2203685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2203685","url":null,"abstract":"Survey textbooks have a lot to accomplish. Providing students and practitioners with an overview of a field is a daunting task with many things for an author to consider. There the Victoria Harbor seemed to be the most pressing problems that the administration of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“government”) had to address. The years 2006–2007 represent a turning moment in the post-colonial history of built heritage protection, as the following chapter indicates. The decision of the government to demolish several built heritage sites caused public protest as well as unsuccessful litigation. After 2007, the seventh chapter suggests, Hong Kong’s built heritage policy underwent considerable change. The establishment of the New Antiquities Authority, the adoption of a new policy regarding heritage impact assessment as well as the implementation of a scheme for the revitalization of historic buildings were some of the most important initiatives. The eighth chapter operates as a bridge with the next and final chapter. It takes stock of the bright and dark sides of protecting built heritage in Hong Kong after 2007. In terms of successes, the growing consultation of public opinion concerning heritage-related matters is noticeable (77). By contrast, amongst the darker sides are the disputes about the inscription of certain heritage sites into the World Heritage List and the practical implementation of the heritage impact assessment scheme. Gallagher in the final chapter pushes for the reform of Hong Kong’s built heritage law and policy by listing specific recommendations. Gazing to the future, Gallagher, concludes with confidence about the long-term preservation of Hong Kong’s built heritage (111). From the perspective of the reviewers, Protecting Built Heritage in Hong Kong fills the lacuna of scholarly research into built heritage legislation and policy in Hong Kong by providing a comprehensive analysis. The book is constructive, enlightening, concise and easily accessible to the average reader. Consisting of 111 pages, the book can be read from cover to cover in a reasonably short amount of time. The book throws a net that is both broad and deep enough to appeal to both academics and a wider audience. The book is welcomed by legal scholars and students but also heritage professionals working in the field of cultural heritage and policy as well as to those who maintain an interest to learn more about Hong Kong’s rich built heritage.","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46559912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2223537
Eleonora Belfiore, S. Hadley, B. Heidelberg, Carole Rosenstein
Abstract This article offers an exploratory discussion of two cultural policy concepts and traditions: cultural democracy in the UK and cultural equity in the US. We explore what the concepts share, how they have been shaped by their cultural policy traditions, and how they yield value for cultural policy makers, scholars, and activists. As scholars from divergent yet mutually Anglo-centric traditions, we articulate how these concepts inform one another with a view to enacting a more democratic form of cultural policy. Though the terms are used imprecisely or interchangeably, differences between concepts speak to the intersectional character of cultural inequality.
{"title":"Cultural Democracy, Cultural Equity, and Cultural Policy: Perspectives from the UK and USA","authors":"Eleonora Belfiore, S. Hadley, B. Heidelberg, Carole Rosenstein","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2223537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2223537","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article offers an exploratory discussion of two cultural policy concepts and traditions: cultural democracy in the UK and cultural equity in the US. We explore what the concepts share, how they have been shaped by their cultural policy traditions, and how they yield value for cultural policy makers, scholars, and activists. As scholars from divergent yet mutually Anglo-centric traditions, we articulate how these concepts inform one another with a view to enacting a more democratic form of cultural policy. Though the terms are used imprecisely or interchangeably, differences between concepts speak to the intersectional character of cultural inequality.","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43889282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2227183
Takao Terui
Abstract This paper explores the interactions and cooperation between public-sector, business-sector, and civil-society stakeholders in developing British film policy for educational and cultural purposes. In particular, this paper adopts the Advocacy Coalition Framework to explain why and how public authorities, film industry organizations, and educationalists efficiently communicated and cooperated with each other in making the British Film Institute. By doing that, this paper explains (1) how commercial business and social workers, who were initially hostile, could build constructive partnerships; (2) how inactive, noninterventionist governments could be involved in the policymaking for cultural sectors; and (3) how private business could be persuaded into supporting cultural and educational policy for noncommercial purposes.
{"title":"The Advocacy Coalition in the British Film Institute in Its Early Days","authors":"Takao Terui","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2227183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2227183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the interactions and cooperation between public-sector, business-sector, and civil-society stakeholders in developing British film policy for educational and cultural purposes. In particular, this paper adopts the Advocacy Coalition Framework to explain why and how public authorities, film industry organizations, and educationalists efficiently communicated and cooperated with each other in making the British Film Institute. By doing that, this paper explains (1) how commercial business and social workers, who were initially hostile, could build constructive partnerships; (2) how inactive, noninterventionist governments could be involved in the policymaking for cultural sectors; and (3) how private business could be persuaded into supporting cultural and educational policy for noncommercial purposes.","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42719097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2023.2227163
Sun He, C. Yu
Abstract This study aimed to explore the educational status of entrepreneurship education within tertiary arts education and examine the perspectives of arts experts (educators, managers, entrepreneurs, etc.) regarding the needs of students in arts institutions in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China. The study employed a qualitative method with two steps: document analysis and focus group interviews. Findings showed that entrepreneurship courses, classroom lectures, and practice-based training via entrepreneurship competition were the main teaching methods in the current state of arts entrepreneurship education in the GBA. The shortage of competent teachers and the lack of joint efforts among stakeholders are the significant barriers in developing tertiary arts entrepreneurship education in the GBA. Accordingly, to facilitate art entrepreneurship education at GBA, this study suggests improving the entrepreneurship guidance mechanism; establishing an environmental model conducive to art entrepreneurship; and strengthening cooperation among government, society, and academia to enhance art entrepreneurship education.
{"title":"The Educational Barriers and Needs of Tertiary Arts Entrepreneurship Education: A Case Study in the Greater Bay Area of China","authors":"Sun He, C. Yu","doi":"10.1080/10632921.2023.2227163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2023.2227163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to explore the educational status of entrepreneurship education within tertiary arts education and examine the perspectives of arts experts (educators, managers, entrepreneurs, etc.) regarding the needs of students in arts institutions in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China. The study employed a qualitative method with two steps: document analysis and focus group interviews. Findings showed that entrepreneurship courses, classroom lectures, and practice-based training via entrepreneurship competition were the main teaching methods in the current state of arts entrepreneurship education in the GBA. The shortage of competent teachers and the lack of joint efforts among stakeholders are the significant barriers in developing tertiary arts entrepreneurship education in the GBA. Accordingly, to facilitate art entrepreneurship education at GBA, this study suggests improving the entrepreneurship guidance mechanism; establishing an environmental model conducive to art entrepreneurship; and strengthening cooperation among government, society, and academia to enhance art entrepreneurship education.","PeriodicalId":45760,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46130668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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