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The Impact of Subsidies on Film Quality: Empirical Evidence from France, Korea, the United Kingdom, and United States 补贴对电影质量的影响:来自法国、韩国、英国和美国的经验证据
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2120141
Jimmyn Parc, Camilo Umana-Dajud, P. Messerlin
Abstract There is a widespread belief that the higher the level of subsidies, the better the performance of film industries (both in quantity and quality). This article focuses on film quality—evaluated by audiences and critics—and scrutinizes this assumption through four selected countries—France, Korea, UK, and US. The main findings of this article are summarized through two points. First, despite the Korean film industry receiving the lowest level of public support, its film quality is higher than that of other selected countries. Second, the impact of subsidies on film quality turns out to be positive for the French, UK, and US films while it is negative or nil for Korean films. Although these results reflect partly differences in the background of each film industry and its public support in the four countries, they suggest that the effectiveness of subsidies and enhancement of film quality can be best achieved by better designing the subsidy schemes—not by increasing their amount.
人们普遍认为,补贴水平越高,电影产业的表现(无论是在数量上还是在质量上)越好。本文关注的是由观众和影评人评估的电影质量,并通过选定的四个国家——法国、韩国、英国和美国——仔细检验了这一假设。本文的主要发现通过两点进行总结。首先,虽然韩国电影产业的国民支持率最低,但其电影质量却高于其他选定国家。其次,补贴对电影质量的影响对法国、英国和美国电影是积极的,而对韩国电影是负的或零的。尽管这些结果在一定程度上反映了这四个国家每个电影产业的背景和公众支持的差异,但它们表明,补贴的有效性和提高电影质量可以通过更好地设计补贴计划来实现,而不是通过增加补贴金额。
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引用次数: 0
The Music Export Business: Born Global 音乐出口业务:诞生于全球
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2123876
H. McDonald
Berlant, Lauren. 2011. Cruel Optimism. Durham: Duke University Press. Campbell, Peter. 2019. Persistent Creativity: Making the Case, for Art, Culture and the Creative Industries. Cham: Palgrave. Carnwath, John Alan Brown. 2014. Understanding the Value and Impacts of Cultural Experience – A Literature Review. Accessed July 12, 2022. https://www.artscouncil.org.uk/publication/ understanding-value-and-impacts-cultural-experiences. Centre for Cultural Value. 2020. Research Digest: Culture on Referral. Accessed July 12, 2022. https://www.culturalvalue.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Culture-on-Referral.pdf. Daykin, Norma 2020. “Arts, Health and Well-Being: A Critical Perspective on Research.” In Policy and Practice. London: Routledge. Durrer, Victoria, Toby Miller, and Dave O’ Brien (eds.) 2017. The Routledge Handbook of Global Cultural Policy. London: Routledge. Morse, Nuala 2021. The Museum as a Space of Social Care. London: Routledge. Oman, Susan. 2021. Understanding Well-Being Data: Improving Social and Cultural Policy, Practice, and Research. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2022. The Culture Fix: Creative People, Places and Industries. Accessed July 12, 2022. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/991bb520-en.pdf ?expires=1657657315&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=64136 E2E395F1D75937B0E4226287BDE. Welsh NHS Confederation. 2018. Arts, Health and Wellbeing. Accessed July 12, 2022. https:// www.nhsconfed.org/sites/default/files/media/Arts-health-and-wellbeing_0.pdf
劳伦·贝兰特。2011年,残酷的乐观主义。达勒姆:杜克大学出版社。坎贝尔,彼得。2019.持续的创造力:为艺术、文化和创意产业创造条件。查姆:帕尔格雷夫。Carnwath,John Alan Brown。2014年,《理解文化体验的价值和影响——文献综述》。访问时间:2022年7月12日。https://www.artscouncil.org.uk/publication/理解价值并影响文化体验。文化价值中心。2020.研究摘要:推荐文化。访问时间:2022年7月12日。https://www.culturalvalue.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Culture-on-Referral.pdf.戴金,诺玛2020。《艺术、健康与幸福:研究的批判性视角》,载于《政策与实践》。伦敦:劳特利奇。Durrer、Victoria、Toby Miller和Dave O'Brien(编辑)2017。劳特利奇全球文化政策手册。伦敦:劳特利奇。莫尔斯,努阿拉2021。博物馆作为一个社会关怀的空间。伦敦:劳特利奇。阿曼,苏珊。2021.理解幸福数据:改进社会和文化政策、实践和研究。查姆:帕尔格雷夫·麦克米伦。经济合作与发展组织。2022.文化修复:有创造力的人、地方和产业。访问时间:2022年7月12日。https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/991bb520-en.pdf?expired=1657657315&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=64136 E2E395F1D75937B0E4226287BDE。威尔士NHS联合会。2018.艺术、健康与福祉。访问时间:2022年7月12日。https://www.nhconfed.org/sites/default/files/media/Arts-health-and-wellbeing_0.pdf
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引用次数: 1
Transforming Museum Management: Evidence-Based Change through Open Systems Theory 转变博物馆管理:基于开放系统理论的循证变革
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2120586
Catalina Urtubia Figueroa
Museum management has taken a turn into a human-focused trend in the last few decades (Lord and Blankenberg 2015; Moore 1994). As noted by Yuha Jung, museum professionals are increasingly interested in valuing “networks and people-centered approaches rather The framing of the book is that while markets in the art world are often associated with nihilistic capitalistic ideals like profit and price, arts managers and artists can use the term to understand how they can find value in sustaining creative careers. Whitaker then leads the reader on a journey through the fundamentals of the economics of art where the reader learns useful tools for managing the art market. Chapters One through Three introduce the classical economic concepts of Markets, Cost, and Price to give the reader an overall economic structure to work within. The next three chapters cover Failure, Structure, and Power to show how, within this structure, there are variables that can affect how price and value can be (mis)aligned and how arts managers and artists can think about realignment. Chapters Seven through Nine cover branches of economics that pertain to the art market, including Labor, Property, and Investments. The concluding chapter brings this all into perspective, Whitaker’s perspective, that both art and economics are subjective and creative, and in that way, they can work together. We can not only bring “economics to art” but we can also bring “art to economics.” In doing so, we can reimagine systems for how the art market can work, but only with a fundamental understanding of economics. The book starts off with appeasing the nerves of artists and arts managers who think they’re not good at math by making complicated economic topics comprehensible through simple descriptions and delightful applications to the arts world. The book transforms the artist or arts manager reader by giving them the comfort and ability to stroll through topics like marginal cost, price elasticity, and externalities. Near the end of the book, the reader has the chance to apply what they’ve learned to pertinent issues in the arts dealing with ownership, work conditions, and valuation. The conclusion retransforms the reader from thinking like an economist to using creativity to reimagine systems in the arts world, now with an underpinning of how to create value with economic tools. The book is a journey that any student of arts administration, arts manager, artist, or anyone with an interest in the visual arts market will find satisfying, and at the end, surprising that something that seems as hard as economics is not that hard at all.
在过去的几十年里,博物馆管理已经转变为以人为本的趋势(Lord和Blankenberg 2015;Moore 1994)。正如Yuha Jung所指出的,博物馆专业人士对估价越来越感兴趣“网络和以人为本的方法”这本书的框架是,虽然艺术界的市场往往与利润和价格等虚无主义资本主义理想联系在一起,但艺术经理和艺术家可以用这个词来理解他们如何在维持创造性职业生涯中找到价值读者在这里学习管理艺术市场的有用工具。第一章至第三章介绍了市场、成本和价格的经典经济概念,为读者提供了一个整体的经济结构。接下来的三章涵盖了失败、结构和权力,以展示在这个结构中,有哪些变量会影响价格和价值如何(错误)对齐,以及艺术经理和艺术家如何考虑重新对齐。第七章至第九章涵盖了与艺术市场相关的经济学分支,包括劳动力、房地产和投资。最后一章将这一切带入惠特克的观点,即艺术和经济学都是主观的和创造性的,通过这种方式,它们可以协同工作。我们不仅可以把“经济学带到艺术中”,还可以把“艺术带到经济学中”。这样做,我们可以重新想象艺术市场如何运作的系统,但前提是对经济学有基本的理解。这本书一开始就安抚了那些认为自己不擅长数学的艺术家和艺术经理的神经,通过简单的描述和令人愉快的艺术世界应用,让复杂的经济主题变得容易理解。这本书通过让艺术家或艺术经理读者能够舒适地浏览边际成本、价格弹性和外部性等主题,改变了他们的生活。在本书接近尾声时,读者有机会将他们所学到的知识应用于艺术中涉及所有权、工作条件和估价的相关问题。这一结论使读者从像经济学家一样思考,重新转变为利用创造力重新想象艺术世界的系统,现在有了如何利用经济工具创造价值的基础。这本书是一段旅程,任何艺术管理专业的学生、艺术经理、艺术家或任何对视觉艺术市场感兴趣的人都会感到满意,最后,令人惊讶的是,像经济学一样难的东西一点也不难。
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引用次数: 3
Understanding Well-Being Data: Improving Social and Cultural Policy, Practice and Research 理解幸福数据:改进社会和文化政策、实践和研究
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2123875
Sarah Feinstein
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引用次数: 2
Introduction 介绍
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2135953
Antonio C. Cuyler
Though some view culture as a vehicle for rights, the acquisition of political capital (Ross 1998), or as an instrument for achieving social justice, the claim that culture can achieve social justice remains a highly contested assumption lacking reliable empirical evidence. This roundtable will explore, first, what we mean by social justice in the arts and, second, a discussion of ways to evaluate and show culture’s power in actualizing social justice.
尽管一些人将文化视为权利的载体、政治资本的获取(Ross 1998)或实现社会正义的工具,但文化可以实现社会正义这一说法仍然是一个极具争议的假设,缺乏可靠的经验证据。本次圆桌会议将探讨,首先,我们所说的艺术中的社会正义是什么意思,其次,讨论如何评估和展示文化在实现社会正义方面的力量。
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引用次数: 0
The Impacts of COVID-19 on Black, Indigenous, Artists and Arts Administrators of Color in the U. S. 新冠肺炎对美国黑人、土著、艺术家和有色人种艺术管理者的影响。
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2058137
Antonio C. Cuyler, Evan Linett, Quanice Floyd, J. Jenkins, Gabriela Shutt
Abstract This study investigated the impacts of COVID-19 on Black, Indigenous, and artists and arts administrators of Color. We addressed the primary research question, in what ways has COVID-19 impacted BIPOC artists and arts administrators? We also answered the secondary research question, do differences in impacts exist in health and wellness for BIPOC artists and administrators based on demographic characteristics? By centering BIPOC artists and arts administrators in this study, we initiated an area of critical scholarly inquiry that explored the impacts of COVID-19 on creatives who identify as historically marginalized and oppressed based on their race in U. S. society.
摘要本研究调查了新冠肺炎对黑人、土著人以及有色人种艺术家和艺术管理者的影响。我们解决了主要的研究问题,新冠肺炎以什么方式影响了BIPOC艺术家和艺术管理人员?我们还回答了第二个研究问题,即BIPOC艺术家和管理人员在健康和身心健康方面是否存在基于人口特征的影响差异?通过将BIPOC艺术家和艺术管理人员集中在这项研究中,我们启动了一个批判性学术研究领域,探讨新冠肺炎对那些在美国社会中基于种族而被视为历史边缘化和压迫的创意人的影响。
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引用次数: 0
From Grassroots to Systems Change: Art for Social Justice 从基层到制度变革:社会正义的艺术
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2120142
Marian Taylor Brown, Hyppolite Ntigurirwa, Antonio Gordillo, Micah Rose
Abstract Art for social justice has long challenged notions of whose stories are told, how, and by whom, positioning it as a key body of practice to combat neoliberalism and other structures of domination. In the global struggle for liberation, art and social justice practices must be contextualized, requiring approaches and pedagogy that address the cultural landscapes in which they are rooted. Against this backdrop, the artivist-authors explore two questions: 1) In what ways do practices in the arts and social justice differ and intersect across cultural contexts? and 2) What lessons can be gleaned from grassroots and systems-level approaches to arts for social justice? Here, three vignettes, explored through Chicane testimonios and story circles rooted in Black and Indigenous theater practice, elucidate approaches to building creative justice in the landwaters colonized into Colombia, Rwanda, and the United States. Across these three vignettes, questions of practice and lessons learned emerge.
长期以来,社会正义的抽象艺术一直在挑战谁的故事、如何讲述以及由谁讲述的概念,将其定位为对抗新自由主义和其他统治结构的关键实践主体。在全球争取解放的斗争中,艺术和社会正义实践必须结合实际情况,需要处理其所植根的文化景观的方法和教学法。在这种背景下,艺术家们探讨了两个问题:1)艺术实践和社会正义在文化背景下以什么方式不同和交叉?以及2)从基层和系统层面的艺术促进社会正义的方法中可以吸取什么教训?在这里,三个小插曲通过Chicane的证词和植根于黑人和土著戏剧实践的故事圈进行了探索,阐明了在哥伦比亚、卢旺达和美国殖民地建立创造性正义的方法。在这三个小插曲中,出现了实践和经验教训的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Sewing Connections between Artists’ Legacy and Fashion… A Matter of Tailor-Made Economics and Marketing 艺术家的遗产与时尚之间的缝合联系…一个量体裁衣的经济学和营销问题
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2102558
A. Besana, A. Esposito
Abstract Artists, fashion and foundations can connect in different ways. Operating and independent foundations tell biographies and legacies of artists. During their life and as for their legacy, artists can influence styles, frames, fashion being one constitutive way of life. Fashion corporations and foundations can be inspired by artists and artists can be supported by them. The aim of this article is to estimate how much accounting data of American artist-endowed foundations give evidence of their connections through art-keting with multiple stakeholders in order to support creativity, above all, fashion. Art-keting includes several and complex phenomena, from co-marketing to contaminations and hybridizations. It encompasses both relationship marketing and social media communication. The methodology includes the analysis of economic performance as for data in 990 Forms and a multiple regression analysis of 2016’s accounting main lines of a sample of the biggest US artists-endowed foundations. If artist-endowed foundations connect with fashion thanks to multiple projects, their assets grow thanks to art-keting.
抽象艺术家、时尚和基金会可以通过不同的方式联系在一起。运营和独立的基金会讲述艺术家的传记和遗产。在他们的一生中,就他们的遗产而言,艺术家可以影响风格、框架,时尚是生活的一种组成方式。时尚公司和基金会可以受到艺术家的启发,艺术家也可以得到他们的支持。本文的目的是估计美国艺术家基金会的会计数据在多大程度上证明了他们通过与多个利益相关者的艺术合作来支持创造力,尤其是时尚。艺术克廷包括几个复杂的现象,从共同营销到污染和杂交。它包括关系营销和社交媒体传播。该方法包括990表格中数据的经济表现分析,以及对2016年美国最大艺术家捐赠基金会样本的会计主线的多元回归分析。如果艺术家资助的基金会通过多个项目与时尚联系在一起,那么他们的资产就会因为艺术创作而增长。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Specific versus General Art Expertise on Art Experiences – The Case of the Sistine Chapel 特定与一般艺术专业知识对艺术体验的影响——以西斯廷教堂为例
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2102557
Christina Lidegaard, Trine Bille, A. Baldin
Abstract From the literature on art experience, we know that art experts and non-art experts have different cognitive information processes when encountering an artwork, but we don’t know how this difference might influence the art experience. The purpose of this article is to test how expertise affects art experiences. Expertise is measured on several dimensions, one of them being the level of knowledge on the specific artwork, which is a new contribution to the literature. Our case is the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican Museum in Italy where the investigations took place in a real museum context.
从有关艺术体验的文献中,我们知道艺术专家和非艺术专家在遇到艺术品时具有不同的认知信息过程,但我们不知道这种差异会如何影响艺术体验。本文的目的是测试专业知识如何影响艺术体验。专业知识是在几个维度上衡量的,其中一个是对特定艺术品的知识水平,这是对文献的新贡献。我们的案例是意大利梵蒂冈博物馆的西斯廷教堂,调查是在一个真实的博物馆背景下进行的。
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引用次数: 1
The New Arts Entrepreneur: Navigating the Arts Ecologies 新艺术企业家:驾驭艺术生态
IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/10632921.2022.2080139
Stephen Rueff
Within academia, business programs provide the history, tools and methods to manage and grow businesses. Entrepreneurship programs explore innovation and the creation of new business ventures. Arts Entrepreneurship is an emerging discipline centered on the unique needs related to launching and running creative practices in the fields of visual arts, performing arts, and design. Arts Entrepreneurship educators are preparing students for creative careers in the arts and cultural industries, be it as an art or design practitioner, or in a field working with or supporting artists and designers. Arts Entrepreneurship as a discipline is still being defined as researchers and educators seek to understand how to best prepare students for professional lives in the creative sector. The new Routledge publication The New Arts Entrepreneur, Navigating the Arts Ecologies (2022) by Gary D. Beckman presents a novel approach to combining elements of business, entrepreneurship and arts pedagogy while centering on the unique needs of artists and designers. In the introduction the author states that “Most established disciplines possess a codified curriculum of some sort” yet, “Serious discussions in our field [arts entrepreneurship] concerning a codified curriculum have not occurred” (p. 2). Arts Entrepreneurship educators are constantly searching for theoretical and experiential approaches that meet the needs of their programs. Since there are not established parameters for an Arts Entrepreneurship curriculum, faculty are often left to extract theoretical and experiential elements from business and entrepreneurship programs and adadpt them to their Arts Entrepreneurship courses with inconsistent results. Despite the rise in arts administration degrees and other attempts to bridge the business and art communities, Järvinen found a continuing reluctance among arts organizations to identify with business terminology or tap into business strategies. He acknowledges that the arts are not a traditional market, for example, the cost of creative labor generally increases while potential audiences for live performance are often fixed by a venue’s capacity, and there is an expectation that artists will lead, rather than follow, public demand. However, this is not an excuse to ignore strategic management. As Järvinen points out, an organization’s failure to identify their business model does not indicate that the organization does not have a business model, but rather that they have failed to articulate or capitalize on it (51), which can leave them vulnerable.
在学术界,商业计划提供了管理和发展企业的历史、工具和方法。创业计划探索创新和创建新的商业企业。艺术创业是一门新兴学科,其核心是在视觉艺术、表演艺术和设计领域发起和开展创造性实践的独特需求。艺术创业教育工作者正在为学生在艺术和文化行业的创造性职业生涯做准备,无论是作为艺术或设计从业者,还是在与艺术家和设计师合作或支持艺术家和设计师的领域。艺术创业作为一门学科仍在被定义,因为研究人员和教育工作者试图了解如何最好地为学生在创意领域的职业生活做好准备。加里·D·贝克曼(Gary D.Beckman)的劳特利奇(Routledge)新出版物《新艺术企业家,驾驭艺术生态》(The new Arts Entrepreneur,Navigation The Arts Ecologies,2022)提出了一种新颖的方法,将商业、创业和艺术教育学元素结合起来,同时围绕艺术家和设计师的独特需求。在引言中,作者指出,“大多数既定学科都有某种成文的课程”,然而,“在我们的领域[艺术创业]中,还没有发生关于成文课程的严肃讨论”(第2页)。艺术创业教育工作者不断寻求满足其项目需求的理论和经验方法。由于艺术创业课程没有既定的参数,教师们往往只能从商业和创业课程中提取理论和经验元素,并将其应用于艺术创业课程,结果不一致。尽管艺术管理学位的增加以及其他连接商业和艺术社区的尝试,Järvinen发现艺术组织仍然不愿认同商业术语或采用商业战略。他承认,艺术不是一个传统的市场,例如,创意劳动力的成本通常会增加,而现场表演的潜在观众往往是由场地的容量决定的,人们期望艺术家会引领而不是追随公众的需求。然而,这并不是忽视战略管理的借口。正如Järvinen所指出的,一个组织未能确定其商业模式并不意味着该组织没有商业模式,而是他们未能阐明或利用商业模式(51),这可能会使他们变得脆弱。
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引用次数: 0
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