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Deep Dive Into Visual Representation and Interrater Agreement Using Data From a High-School Diving Competition 利用高中跳水比赛数据深入探讨视觉表现和判读员协议
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1632759
M. McGee
Abstract In several sporting events, the winner is chosen on the basis of a subjective score. These sports include gymnastics, ice skating, and diving. Unlike for other subjectively judged sports, diving competitions consist of multiple rounds in quick succession on the same apparatus. These multiple rounds lead to an extra layer of complexity in the data, and allow the introduction of graphical constructs and interrater-agreement methods to statistics students. The data are sufficiently easy to understand for students in introductory statistics courses, yet sufficiently complex for upper level students. In this article, I present data from a high-school diving competition that allows for investigation in graphical methods, data manipulation, and interrater agreement methods. I also provide a list of questions for exploration at the end of the document to suggest how an instructor can effectively use the data with students. These questions are not meant to be exhaustive, but rather generative of ideas for an instructor using the data in a classroom setting. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
摘要在一些体育赛事中,获胜者是根据主观得分选出的。这些运动包括体操、滑冰和跳水。与其他主观判断的运动不同,跳水比赛包括在同一器械上连续快速进行多轮比赛。这些多轮导致数据增加了一层复杂性,并允许向统计学学生引入图形结构和参与者间一致性方法。这些数据对统计学入门课程的学生来说足够容易理解,但对高水平学生来说足够复杂。在这篇文章中,我展示了一场高中跳水比赛的数据,该比赛允许用图形方法、数据处理和参赛者之间的协议方法进行调查。我还在文档末尾提供了一系列问题供探索,以建议讲师如何有效地与学生一起使用数据。这些问题并不意味着详尽无遗,而是为教师在课堂环境中使用数据产生想法。本文的补充材料可在线获取。
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引用次数: 0
The Statistical Reasoning Learning Environment: A Comparison of Students’ Statistical Reasoning Ability 统计推理学习环境:学生统计推理能力的比较
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1647008
Basil Conway, W. Gary Martin, Marilyn E. Strutchens, M. Kraska, Huajun Huang
Abstract The purpose of this study was to study the impact of conformity to statistical reasoning learning environment (SRLE) principles on students’ statistical reasoning in advanced placement statistics courses. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare teachers’ levels of conformity to SRLE principles through a matching process used to mitigate the effects of nonrandom assignment. This matching process resulted in five pairs of similar teachers and schools who differed in self-reported beliefs in the effectiveness and application of SRLE principles. Increases in students’ statistical reasoning were found at varying levels in both high and low conformity classrooms. Improvements among teachers with low conformity to SRLE principles were less varied and consistent with national averages for improvement by college students. Improvements in classes with high conformity to SRLE principles were more varied. Students of two teachers with high levels of conformity to SRLE principles showed large levels of improvement in statistical reasoning in comparison to national results. While the comparison between classrooms conformity to SRLE principles revealed no statistically significant differences in students’ statistical reasoning ability, deeper analysis suggests that beliefs and practices aligned with SRLE principles have potential to increase students’ statistical reasoning at rates above national averages.
摘要本研究的目的是研究在高级安置统计学课程中,遵守统计推理学习环境(SRLE)原则对学生统计推理的影响。采用准实验设计,通过匹配过程比较教师对SRLE原则的遵守程度,以减轻非随机作业的影响。这一匹配过程导致了五对相似的教师和学校在自我报告的SRLE原则的有效性和应用方面存在差异。在高一致性和低一致性的课堂上,学生的统计推理能力在不同程度上都有所提高。不符合SRLE原则的教师的进步变化较小,与全国大学生的进步平均值一致。与SRLE原则高度一致的类别的改进更加多样化。两位教师的学生对SRLE原则的遵守程度很高,与全国结果相比,他们在统计推理方面有了很大的改进。虽然课堂对SRLE原则的遵守情况的比较显示,学生的统计推理能力没有统计学上的显著差异,但更深入的分析表明,与SRLE原则相一致的信念和实践有可能以高于全国平均水平的速度提高学生的统计推理能力。
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引用次数: 8
Reading Versus Doing: Methods of Teaching Problem-Solving in Introductory Statistics 阅读与实践:统计学入门课程中问题解决的教学方法
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-08-05 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1637801
A. Brisbin, Erica Maranhao do Nascimento
Abstract Practice problems and worked examples are both well-established teaching techniques. Research in math and physics suggests that having students study worked examples during their first contact with new material, instead of solving practice problems, can be beneficial to their subsequent performance, possibly due to the reduced cognitive load required to study examples compared to generating solutions. However, there is minimal research directly comparing these teaching methods in introductory statistics. In this study, we chose six pairs of introductory statistics topics of approximately equal difficulty from throughout the semester. After an initial mini-lecture, one topic from each pair was taught using practice problems; the other was taught by having students read worked examples. Using Bayesian and frequentist analyses, we find that student performance is better after reading worked examples. This may be due to worked examples slowing the process of forgetting. Surprisingly, there is also strong evidence from in-class surveys that students experience greater frustration when reading worked examples. This could indicate that frustration is not an effective proxy for cognitive load. Alternatively, it could indicate that classroom supports during in-class problem-solving were effective in reducing the cognitive load of practice problems below that of interpreting written statistical explanations.
实践问题和实例都是行之有效的教学方法。数学和物理学的研究表明,让学生在第一次接触新材料时学习工作实例,而不是解决实际问题,可能对他们随后的表现有益,这可能是因为与生成解决方案相比,学习示例所需的认知负荷减少了。然而,很少有研究直接比较这些教学方法在入门统计。在这项研究中,我们从整个学期中选择了六对难度大致相等的入门统计学主题。在最初的迷你讲座之后,每对学生用练习题讲授一个主题;另一种是通过让学生阅读工作实例来教授。使用贝叶斯和频率分析,我们发现学生在阅读工作实例后表现更好。这可能是由于工作实例减缓了遗忘的过程。令人惊讶的是,在课堂调查中也有强有力的证据表明,学生在阅读有用的例子时更容易感到沮丧。这可能表明挫败感并不是认知负荷的有效代表。或者,它可能表明课堂解决问题时的课堂支持有效地减少了练习题的认知负荷,低于解释书面统计解释的认知负荷。
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引用次数: 8
Incorporating Open Data Into Introductory Courses in Statistics 将开放数据纳入统计学入门课程
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1669506
Roberto Rivera, Mario Marazzi, P. Torres-Saavedra
Abstract The 2016 Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) College Report emphasized six recommendations to teach introductory courses in statistics. Among them: use of real data with context and purpose. Many educators have created databases consisting of multiple datasets for use in class; sometimes making hundreds of datasets available. Yet “the context and purpose” component of the data may remain elusive if just a generic database is made available. We describe the use of open data in introductory courses. Countries and cities continue to share data through open data portals. Hence, educators can find regional data that engage their students more effectively. We present excerpts from case studies that show the application of statistical methods to data on: crime, housing, rainfall, tourist travel, and others. Data wrangling and discussion of results are recognized as important case study components. Thus, the open data based case studies attend most GAISE College Report recommendations. Reproducible R code is made available for each case study. Example uses of open data in more advanced courses in statistics are also described. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
《2016年统计教育评估与教学指南》(GAISE)高校报告强调了统计学入门课程教学的六条建议。其中包括:使用具有上下文和目的的真实数据。许多教育工作者创建了由多个数据集组成的数据库,供课堂使用;有时会提供数百个数据集。然而,如果只提供一个通用数据库,数据的“上下文和目的”部分可能仍然难以捉摸。我们在入门课程中描述开放数据的使用。国家和城市继续通过开放的数据门户共享数据。因此,教育工作者可以找到更有效地吸引学生的区域数据。我们提供了一些案例研究的节选,这些案例研究显示了统计方法在以下数据中的应用:犯罪、住房、降雨、旅游和其他方面。数据整理和结果讨论被认为是案例研究的重要组成部分。因此,基于开放数据的案例研究参加了大多数GAISE大学报告的推荐。每个案例研究都提供了可复制的R代码。本文还描述了在更高级的统计学课程中使用开放数据的例子。本文的补充材料可在网上获得。
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引用次数: 8
Flipping Statistics Courses in Graduate Education: Integration of Cognitive Psychology and Technology 研究生教育中统计学课程的翻转:认知心理学与技术的融合
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1629852
J. Immekus
Abstract This article examines the integration of cognitive psychology research and technology within existing frameworks of statistics course design and implementation for a sequence of flipped graduate-level courses. Particular focus is the use of the principles of spacing and retrieval practice within the flipped classroom format as strategic approaches to curriculum design and instructional delivery within and across courses. The reporting of student perceptions regarding their engagement in learning, statistical thinking and practice, and course components that contributed to their learning serves to shed light on ways educators can bridge theory to practice in statistics education at the graduate-level.
摘要本文探讨了认知心理学研究和技术在统计学课程设计和实施的现有框架内的整合,这些框架适用于一系列翻转的研究生水平课程。特别关注的是在翻转课堂形式中使用间距和检索实践原则,作为课程设计和课程内和课程间教学交付的战略方法。报告学生对其参与学习、统计思维和实践的看法,以及对其学习有贡献的课程组成部分,有助于阐明教育工作者如何在研究生阶段将统计教育的理论与实践联系起来。
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引用次数: 9
Interview With Gail Burrill 采访盖尔·伯里尔
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1646538
Allan Rossman, Gail Burrill
Gail Burrill is a Mathematics Specialist in the Program in Mathematics Education at Michigan State University. She previously served as secondary teacher and department chair. She was President of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and is currently President of the International Association for Statistical Education. She is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. This interview took place via email on January 1–July 14, 2019.
Gail Burrill是密歇根州立大学数学教育项目的数学专家。她曾担任中学教师和系主任。她曾任全国数学教师委员会主席,现任国际统计教育协会主席。她是美国统计协会的会员。本次面试于2019年1月1日至7月14日通过电子邮件进行。
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引用次数: 0
A First Course in Data Science 数据科学第一门课程
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1623136
Donghui Yan, Gary E. Davis
Abstract Data science is a discipline that provides principles, methodology, and guidelines for the analysis of data for tools, values, or insights. Driven by a huge workforce demand, many academic institutions have started to offer degrees in data science, with many at the graduate, and a few at the undergraduate level. Curricula may differ at different institutions, because of varying levels of faculty expertise, and different disciplines (such as mathematics, computer science, and business) in developing the curriculum. The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth started offering degree programs in data science from Fall 2015, at both the undergraduate and the graduate level. Quite a few articles have been published that deal with graduate data science courses, much less so dealing with undergraduate ones. Our discussion will focus on undergraduate course structure and function, and specifically, a first course in data science. Our design of this course centers around a concept called the data science life cycle. That is, we view tasks or steps in the practice of data science as forming a process, consisting of states that indicate how it comes into life, how different tasks in data science depend on or interact with others until the birth of a data product or a conclusion. Naturally, different pieces of the data science life cycle then form individual parts of the course. Details of each piece are filled up by concepts, techniques, or skills that are popular in industry. Consequently, the design of our course is both “principled” and practical. A significant feature of our course philosophy is that, in line with activity theory, the course is based on the use of tools to transform real data to answer strongly motivated questions related to the data.
数据科学是一门学科,为分析数据的工具、价值或见解提供原则、方法和指导方针。在巨大的劳动力需求的推动下,许多学术机构开始提供数据科学学位,其中许多是研究生学位,也有一些是本科学位。不同机构的课程可能会有所不同,因为不同的教师专业水平和不同的学科(如数学、计算机科学和商业)在开发课程。马萨诸塞大学达特茅斯分校(University of Massachusetts Dartmouth)从2015年秋季开始提供数据科学的本科和研究生学位课程。已经发表了不少关于研究生数据科学课程的文章,而关于本科生数据科学课程的文章就少得多了。我们的讨论将集中在本科课程的结构和功能,特别是数据科学的第一门课程。我们这门课程的设计围绕着一个叫做数据科学生命周期的概念。也就是说,我们将数据科学实践中的任务或步骤视为形成一个过程,由状态组成,这些状态表明它是如何产生的,数据科学中的不同任务是如何依赖或相互作用的,直到数据产品或结论的诞生。当然,数据科学生命周期的不同部分构成了课程的各个部分。每件作品的细节都由工业中流行的概念、技术或技能填充。因此,我们的课程设计既“有原则”又实用。我们课程理念的一个显著特点是,与活动理论一致,课程基于使用工具转换真实数据,以回答与数据相关的强烈动机问题。
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引用次数: 16
Predicting the Kentucky Derby Winner! Sort of 预测肯塔基州德比的获胜者!有点像
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1623137
B. Chance, Shea Reynolds
Abstract Through a series of explorations, this article will demonstrate how the Kentucky Derby winning times dataset provides various opportunities for introductory and advanced topics, from data processing to model building. Although the final goal may be a prediction interval, the dataset is rich enough for it to appear in several places in an introductory or second course in statistics. After adjusting for the change in track length and track condition, winning speed has an interesting nonlinear trend, with one notable outlier. Student investigations can range from validating the phrase “the most exciting two minutes in sports” to predicting the winning speed of next year’s race using parallel polynomial models.
摘要通过一系列探索,本文将展示肯塔基德比获胜次数数据集如何为介绍性和高级主题提供各种机会,从数据处理到模型构建。尽管最终目标可能是预测区间,但数据集足够丰富,可以出现在统计学入门或第二门课程的几个地方。在调整了赛道长度和赛道条件的变化后,获胜速度有一个有趣的非线性趋势,有一个显著的异常值。学生的调查范围从验证“体育运动中最激动人心的两分钟”到使用平行多项式模型预测明年比赛的获胜速度。
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引用次数: 0
Note From the Editor 编者注
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1644052
J. Witmer
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引用次数: 0
Dual Mode Delivery in an Introductory Statistics Course: Design and Evaluation 统计学入门课程中的双模式交付:设计与评估
IF 2.2 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2019.1608874
Tommy Soesmanto, S. Bonner
Abstract In recent years, the Australian tertiary education sector embraced the gradual adaption of the dual mode system in course delivery in universities and higher degree education providers. In such systems, students have the option, as well as the flexibility, to undertake the same course in a face-to-face (F2F) environment and/or an online environment. This article presents an evaluation of the dual mode design of a first-year business statistics course delivered at the Griffith University. In this article, we discuss the various aspects of the dual mode design in the course, emphasizing the use of consistent teaching strategies for the F2F and online student cohorts. Moreover, we present a comparative analysis of learning satisfaction and academic performance of the two cohorts within the dual mode system. Using t-tests, nonparametric tests, and propensity score matching estimators we provide new insights into dual mode course design. Our results suggest no significant difference in student experiences and outcomes. Discussion and analysis presented in this article is useful as feedback for further improvement in teaching strategies in the delivery of dual mode courses.
摘要近年来,澳大利亚高等教育部门在大学和高等学位教育提供者的课程提供中逐步适应了双重模式体系。在这样的系统中,学生可以选择并灵活地在面对面(F2F)环境和/或在线环境中学习相同的课程。本文对格里菲斯大学一年级商业统计课程的双模式设计进行了评估。在本文中,我们讨论了课程中双模式设计的各个方面,强调对F2F和在线学生群体使用一致的教学策略。此外,我们还对双模式系统中两个队列的学习满意度和学习成绩进行了比较分析。使用t检验、非参数检验和倾向得分匹配估计,我们为双模课程设计提供了新的见解。我们的研究结果表明,学生的经历和结果没有显著差异。本文的讨论和分析有助于进一步改进双模式课程的教学策略。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Journal of Statistics Education
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