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“Business Model” and “Monetisation”: On the Uses of Buzzwords “商业模式”和“盈利”:流行语的使用
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i2.1352
T. Streeter
This essay explores the function of corporate buzzwords by investigating the early histories of “business model” and “monetisation”. It analyses the terms as examples of managerial argot, and argues that at key moments in the formation of digital capitalism, the terms helped create a field of action where management communities could envision, discuss, and coordinate, in a safely depoliticised way, the fact that markets and property are not natural, that social and political choices are necessary to create markets and property out of human relations that are not self-evidently things. Analysing the terms, not as ideologies, but as what Raymond Williams called “social experiences in solution”, the essay focuses on the terms’ emergence before the regimes of accumulation with which they are now associated. This analysis suggests that close attention to language in historical context can help illuminate the emergence of political economic changes, showing that the rise of digital capitalism can be seen as, at the outset, as an effect, as much as a cause, of particular structures of feeling. It also suggests that scholars of current trends should not take for granted current buzzwords, but should treat their use and definition as sites of struggle.
本文通过研究“商业模式”和“货币化”的早期历史,探讨了企业流行语的功能。它分析了这些术语作为管理暗语的例子,并认为在数字资本主义形成的关键时刻,这些术语帮助创造了一个行动领域,在这个领域中,管理社区可以以一种安全的非政治化方式,设想、讨论和协调市场和财产不是自然的事实,社会和政治选择是必要的,以创造市场和财产,而人类关系不是不言而喻的事情。分析这些术语,不是作为意识形态,而是作为雷蒙德·威廉姆斯所说的“解决方案中的社会经验”,这篇文章关注的是这些术语在积累制度出现之前的出现,而这些制度现在与这些术语联系在一起。这一分析表明,密切关注历史背景下的语言可以帮助阐明政治经济变化的出现,表明数字资本主义的兴起可以被视为,在一开始,作为一种特殊情感结构的结果,而不是原因。它还表明,研究当前趋势的学者不应该把当前的流行语视为理所当然,而应该把它们的使用和定义视为斗争的场所。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Labour and The Generation of Surplus Value on Instagram 数字劳动力与Instagram上剩余价值的产生
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-08-27 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i2.1304
Forouzan Yazdanipoor, Hady Faramarzi, A. Bicharanlou
The aim of this paper is to provide a map of the economy of social media platforms. We analyse digital labour on Instagram. The article asks: How are the users, who provide unpaid labour on Instagram, exploited? What kinds of labour do we find on Instagram? In doing so, the paper contributes to the literature on digital labour and the attention economy. Social media platforms exploit paid and unpaid labour in the creation and realisation of value. They capture user-generated content, transform it into commodities and sell it to companies. The article presents the results of a case study of the digital labour of Persian Internet users on Instagram. We conducted a Netnography of popular Instagram users (influencers, Internet users who make shoutouts to brands and influencers) and a survey where 600 Instagram users participated.
本文的目的是提供社交媒体平台经济的地图。我们分析了Instagram上的数字劳动力。文章问道:在Instagram上提供无偿劳动的用户是如何被剥削的?我们在Instagram上发现了什么样的劳动?在此过程中,本文对数字劳动和注意力经济的文献做出了贡献。社交媒体平台利用有偿和无偿劳动创造和实现价值。他们获取用户生成的内容,将其转化为商品,再出售给企业。这篇文章展示了对Instagram上波斯语互联网用户的数字劳动案例研究的结果。我们对受欢迎的Instagram用户(网红,向品牌和网红大喊大叫的互联网用户)进行了网络调查,并对600名Instagram用户进行了调查。
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引用次数: 1
Social Media, News Media, and the Democratic Deficit. Can the Blockchain Make a Difference? 社交媒体、新闻媒体和民主赤字。区块链能带来改变吗?
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i2.1322
N. Nicoli, S. Louca, Petros Iosifidis
This paper addresses the following main question: In what respect does the blockchain technology have potentials to alleviate and/or intensify some of the problems of the information and communication sector? Divided into four sections, the paper first explores the democratic deficit within the context of an informed citizenry. This section includes a study of the current public sphere, post-truth politics and populism. Second, it addresses the current information and communication system. The section investigates today’s social media, and an ever-changing digital news media landscape. Third, it explores four prevalent approaches toward reforming the information and communication system. These are fact-checking and debunking, media literacy, regulation and policy reform, and self-regulation. The fourth section addresses the central question of the study concerning blockchain technology. This disruptive database technology has potential to offer solutions to regaining trust in the information ecosystem yet like other approaches, placed within existing socio-economic structures, falls short in reversing the democratic deficit.   
本文解决了以下主要问题:区块链技术在哪些方面有潜力缓解和/或加剧信息和通信部门的一些问题?本文分为四个部分,首先探讨了知情公民背景下的民主赤字。本节包括对当前公共领域、后真相政治和民粹主义的研究。其次,针对当前的信息通信系统。该部分调查了当今的社交媒体,以及不断变化的数字新闻媒体景观。第三,探讨了信息通信体制改革的四种主流途径。它们是事实核查和揭穿、媒体素养、监管和政策改革以及自我监管。第四部分阐述了区块链技术研究的核心问题。这种颠覆性的数据库技术有可能为重新获得对信息生态系统的信任提供解决办法,但与置于现有社会经济结构中的其他方法一样,在扭转民主赤字方面存在不足。
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引用次数: 1
The Stack as an Integrative Model of Global Capitalism 堆栈作为全球资本主义的综合模型
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-30 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i2.1343
Lukáš Likavčan, M. Scholz-Wäckerle
This paper investigates recent transformations in global capitalism’s political economy, concerned with the evolution of globally integrated production and exchange apparatuses, such as platforms, enabled through technological advances in computational infrastructures. These infrastructures are explicable in terms of the model of the Stack, understood as an accidental mega-structure of the contemporary platform economy that is integrating previously detached circulation and accumulation structures. The Stack is introduced as an integrative model of a multi-layered political economic system that allows to understand and explain recent developments in global capitalism. Focus is thereby given to intensified real abstraction of labour induced by the capitalist appropriation of planetary-scale computation. Building on the model of the Stack, we set in relation different perspectives on recent capitalist development in terms of planetary-scale computation: transnational informational capitalism, cognitive capitalism, intellectual monopoly capitalism and techno-feudalism. Thereby we highlight aspects of value creation as well as rent-seeking through the model of the Stack.
本文研究了全球资本主义政治经济的最新转变,关注全球一体化生产和交换设备的演变,例如通过计算基础设施的技术进步实现的平台。这些基础设施可以用Stack模型来解释,被理解为当代平台经济的偶然巨型结构,它整合了以前分离的流通和积累结构。Stack是作为多层政治经济体系的综合模型引入的,它允许理解和解释全球资本主义的最新发展。因此,重点放在资本主义对行星规模计算的占有所引起的劳动的强化的实际抽象上。在Stack模型的基础上,我们从全球范围的计算角度,对最近资本主义的发展提出了不同的观点:跨国信息资本主义、认知资本主义、知识垄断资本主义和技术封建主义。因此,我们通过Stack模型强调了价值创造和寻租的各个方面。
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引用次数: 1
Book Review: Media Capitalism: Hegemony in the Age of Mass Deception by Thomas Klikauer (Palgrave Macmillan 2021, 507 pages) 书评:《媒体资本主义:大众欺骗时代的霸权》,托马斯·克里考尔著(帕尔格雷夫·麦克米伦出版社2021年版,507页)
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i2.1344
Christopher Ali
This article reviews the book Media Capitalism: Hegemony in the Age of Mass Deception by Thomas Klikauer. In doing so, it places the book in conversation with the decades-long debate as to the nature of contemporary capitalism, specifically the question whether the digital age in which we live represents a new and novel information/network/internet society, a new form of capitalism, or simply an extension of the status quo.  
本文回顾了托马斯·克里考尔的《媒介资本主义:大众欺骗时代的霸权》一书。在这样做的过程中,它将这本书与长达数十年的关于当代资本主义本质的辩论进行了对话,特别是我们生活的数字时代是否代表了一个新的和新颖的信息/网络/互联网社会,一种新的资本主义形式,或者仅仅是现状的延伸。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Spectacle and Diversity: Transnational Media and Global Power by Lee Artz 书评:奇观与多样性:跨国媒体与全球力量,作者:李·阿尔茨
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i1.1342
James Ranger
Jamie Ranger reviews Lee Artz’s 2022 book ‘Spectacle and Diversity: Transnational Media and Global Power’.
杰米·兰杰评论了李·阿尔茨2022年出版的新书《奇观与多样性:跨国媒体与全球力量》。
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引用次数: 1
Challenging Brands’ Calculated Messages of Hope during a Pandemic: Twitter-User Response to COVID-19 Advertising Campaigns 在大流行期间挑战品牌计算的希望信息:推特用户对COVID-19广告活动的反应
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i1.1310
Tony Kelso, Zeynep Altinay
Typically, consumer advertising is designed to promote or build brand identity for goods or services. Yet when a major crisis disrupts the everyday flow of life, advertisers often pivot from directly pitching their brands to conveying messages that somewhat reflect the tone of public service announcements. After examining the nature of much of the television advertising produced shortly after the United States was placed on lockdown following the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic, this exploratory study investigates posts to Twitter to begin to address the question: To what extent did viewers’ interpretations of pandemic-themed commercials either accord with or challenge the advertisers’ intended messages of hope? The results show that targeted consumers demonstrated a greater tendency to contest advertisers’ inspirational themes than to passively accept them. These findings are discussed within the context of advertising’s ideological function as propaganda aimed toward especially active audiences in the age of social media.
通常,消费者广告的目的是促进或建立商品或服务的品牌标识。然而,当一场重大危机扰乱了日常生活时,广告商往往会从直接推销自己的品牌转向传达某种程度上反映公益广告基调的信息。在研究了美国在宣布COVID-19大流行后被封锁后不久制作的大部分电视广告的性质之后,这项探索性研究调查了推特上的帖子,以开始解决这个问题:观众对大流行主题广告的解释在多大程度上符合或挑战了广告商的希望信息?结果表明,目标消费者更倾向于挑战广告商的励志主题,而不是被动接受它们。这些发现是在广告的意识形态功能的背景下讨论的,广告是针对社交媒体时代特别活跃的受众的宣传。
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引用次数: 0
The Power of Neoliberalism: Transformation, Neo-Elitism and Class Continuities in the Post-Apartheid Media 新自由主义的力量:后种族隔离媒体中的转型、新精英主义和阶级连续性
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-29 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i1.1301
Prinola Govenden
Critical political economy of the media investigates how changes in the array of forces that exercise control of media institutions liberate or limit the public sphere. South Africa’s political economy of transition from apartheid to democracy was notably characterised by the emergence of new black capitalist interests merging with established white capital to refashion multi-racial capital, facilitated by a Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) strategy that aimed to address the racial injustices of the past. These changes greatly impacted media ownership, diversifying a previously racially homogenised and localised apartheid media market. The ‘new’ South Africa also moved from racial capitalism to neoliberalism as its economic system. This study investigates whether these ownership diversity changes in the South African print media market in the first twenty years of its democracy (1994–2014) liberated or limited the public sphere. A total of 684 newspaper front-page and editorial articles were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative content analysis, to aggregate as well as investigate deeper meanings and associations in diversity trends. South Africa’s neoliberal economic context substantially informs the nature of print media content transformation and diversity, which is found to be elite driven, marking the emergence of class continuities. This despite a specialised BEE affirmative action programme envisaged to cultivate transformed and diverse media content through transformed ownership. The study concludes that attempts to transform, diversify, de-westernise, and decolonise the media systems in post-colonial countries will be futile if the power of neoliberalism to perpetuate class inequalities and the race dynamics of the past remain underestimated and unaddressed.
媒体的批判政治经济学研究了控制媒体机构的一系列力量的变化是如何解放或限制公共领域的。南非从种族隔离向民主过渡的政治经济的显著特征是,新的黑人资本主义利益与老牌白人资本合并,重新塑造了多种族资本,这得益于旨在解决过去种族不公正问题的黑人经济赋权(BEE)战略。这些变化极大地影响了媒体所有权,使以前种族同质化和地方化的种族隔离媒体市场多样化。“新”南非的经济体制也从种族资本主义转向新自由主义。本研究调查了南非平面媒体市场在其民主的前二十年(1994-2014)中,这些所有权多样性的变化是否解放或限制了公共领域。通过定量和定性的内容分析,共分析了684篇报纸头版和社论文章,以汇总和调查多样性趋势的更深层次的含义和联系。南非的新自由主义经济背景在很大程度上反映了印刷媒体内容转型和多样性的本质,这被发现是精英驱动的,标志着阶级连续性的出现。尽管有一个专门的BEE平权行动方案,设想通过转变所有权来培养转变的和多样化的媒体内容。该研究的结论是,如果新自由主义延续过去的阶级不平等和种族动态的力量仍然被低估和未得到解决,那么后殖民国家的媒体系统转型、多样化、去西方化和去殖民化的尝试将是徒劳的。
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引用次数: 1
Labour Struggles in Digital Capitalism: Challenges and Opportunities for Worker Organisation, Mobilisation, and Activism in Germany 数字资本主义中的劳工斗争:德国工人组织、动员和行动主义的挑战和机遇
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-27 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i1.1314
H. Pötzsch, Kerem Schamberger
In this article, we investigate labour struggles under the condition of digital capitalism. The main research question this paper addresses is: How do German unions evaluate and respond to the rapidly accelerating digitalisation of economy and work? Based on a series of interviews with union representatives in Germany, we trace recent developments in an increasingly digitised economy and outline challenges and opportunities for unions. Our findings show that the large-scale deployment of digital technologies fragments the workforce, reduces social standards, worsens working conditions, and exacerbates power imbalances to the detriment of the employed. These disadvantages are only insufficiently met with new opportunities to raise public awareness and connect with and mobilise workers by means of digital communication technologies. Our study suggests a growing significance of technological expertise for unions, a need to meet global capital with enhanced international and regional cooperation among labour organisations, and the importance of uniting established unions and grassroots workers’ movements in shared struggles to improve the situation of workers under technology-enhanced conditions of globalised exploitation and control.
在这篇文章中,我们研究了数字资本主义条件下的劳工斗争。本文的主要研究问题是:德国工会如何评估和应对快速加速的经济和工作数字化?根据对德国工会代表的一系列采访,我们追踪了日益数字化的经济的最新发展,并概述了工会面临的挑战和机遇。我们的研究结果表明,数字技术的大规模部署分散了劳动力,降低了社会标准,恶化了工作条件,加剧了权力失衡,从而损害了被雇佣者的利益。通过数字通信技术提高公众意识、联系和动员工人的新机会不足以解决这些缺点。我们的研究表明,技术专长对工会的重要性日益增加,需要通过加强劳工组织之间的国际和区域合作来满足全球资本,以及团结已建立的工会和基层工人运动共同斗争的重要性,以改善工人在全球化剥削和控制的技术增强条件下的处境。
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引用次数: 1
Mainstream News Media's Engagement with Friedrich Engels’s Concept of Social Murder 主流新闻媒体对恩格斯社会谋杀概念的解读
IF 1.8 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-02-26 DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v20i1.1323
P. Govender, Stella Medvedyuk, D. Raphael
Literature now exists on how the media reports on health inequalities. One compelling concept as to the sources and impacts of health inequalities is “social murder” as articulated by Friedrich Engels in his 1845 volume, The Condition of the Working Class in England, whereby the capitalist economic system sent workers prematurely to the grave to serve the profit motives of the bourgeoisie. There is a reemergence of the concept in the academic literature in response to growing social and health inequalities, but is this material being reported to the public? We examine news content since the turn of the 21st century and find a significant increase since 2017 in reporting that evokes the social murder concept in relation to the Grenfell Tower Fire, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the imposition of austerity in Canada and the UK. We consider these developments in relation to journalists’ roles and their reporting on health inequalities.
现在已有关于媒体如何报道健康不平等的文献。关于健康不平等的来源和影响,弗里德里希·恩格斯在他1845年出版的《英国工人阶级状况》一书中阐述的一个令人信服的概念是“社会谋杀”,即资本主义经济制度将工人过早地送入坟墓,为资产阶级的利润动机服务。为了应对日益严重的社会和健康不平等,学术文献中重新出现了这一概念,但这一材料是否向公众报告?我们研究了自21世纪之交以来的新闻内容,发现自2017年以来,与格伦费尔大厦火灾、COVID-19大流行以及加拿大和英国实施紧缩政策有关的社会谋杀概念的报道显著增加。我们考虑到这些发展与记者的作用及其对健康不平等的报道有关。
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引用次数: 4
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TRIPLEC-Communication Capitalism & Critique
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