The goal of this study was to validate the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation Inventory (TRIM-18) on the Slovak population. One non-functional item had to be excluded from the Slovak version of the TRIM-18, so it is referred to as TRIM-17. The scale was verified on a representative group of adults in the productive age bracket of 18-65 years ( n = 1209). The three-factor structure of the scale was corroborated. The interrelated factors of avoidance and revenge correlate negatively with the factor of benevolence. All three subscales show sufficient internal consistency (ω = .77 – .94 in different groups), and the total score has reliability of ω = .94 – .96. The validity of the questionnaire was corroborated by criterion validity (high correlations with other forgiveness scales) and construct validation (convergence with satisfaction with life and happiness, and divergence with anxiety, depression, and anger).
{"title":"Slovak Validation of the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation Inventory (TRIM-18)","authors":"Lucia Záhorcová, V. Dočkal","doi":"10.31577/sp.2022.04.861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2022.04.861","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to validate the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation Inventory (TRIM-18) on the Slovak population. One non-functional item had to be excluded from the Slovak version of the TRIM-18, so it is referred to as TRIM-17. The scale was verified on a representative group of adults in the productive age bracket of 18-65 years ( n = 1209). The three-factor structure of the scale was corroborated. The interrelated factors of avoidance and revenge correlate negatively with the factor of benevolence. All three subscales show sufficient internal consistency (ω = .77 – .94 in different groups), and the total score has reliability of ω = .94 – .96. The validity of the questionnaire was corroborated by criterion validity (high correlations with other forgiveness scales) and construct validation (convergence with satisfaction with life and happiness, and divergence with anxiety, depression, and anger).","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73501364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is a conceptual replication of a study by De Neys and Franssens (2009) about the role of belief inhibition in reasoning, operationalized as the change in reaction times to different categories of words presented after syllogistic reasoning task. As in the original study, we examined the accessibility of cued beliefs after syllogistic reasoning, by presenting participants ( N = 145) with incongruent (heuristic and normatively correct answers differ) and congruent categorical syllogisms, and lexical decision tasks comprising cued and unrelated words, and imposed methodological restrictions within the original pro - cedure. Mean RT was overall shorter to cued than to unrelated words, and for all combinations of both syllogism congruency and response accuracy on the preceding syllogism, indicating that the full neglect of content is not necessary for correct evaluation of logical status. We registered shorter RTs for words cued by incongruent syllogisms after correct than after incorrect evaluation, which indicates that participants actively process the content of the syllogism while reasoning, as a form of cognitive control. The success - fully conducted Type 2 reasoning enhances lexical access to the cued content, rather than impairing it. In short, findings of the original study were replicated for the priming effects, but not for the inhibition of content.
{"title":"Belief Inhibition during Thinking: Not So Fast","authors":"K. Damnjanović, S. Ilić","doi":"10.31577/sp.2022.04.860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2022.04.860","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is a conceptual replication of a study by De Neys and Franssens (2009) about the role of belief inhibition in reasoning, operationalized as the change in reaction times to different categories of words presented after syllogistic reasoning task. As in the original study, we examined the accessibility of cued beliefs after syllogistic reasoning, by presenting participants ( N = 145) with incongruent (heuristic and normatively correct answers differ) and congruent categorical syllogisms, and lexical decision tasks comprising cued and unrelated words, and imposed methodological restrictions within the original pro - cedure. Mean RT was overall shorter to cued than to unrelated words, and for all combinations of both syllogism congruency and response accuracy on the preceding syllogism, indicating that the full neglect of content is not necessary for correct evaluation of logical status. We registered shorter RTs for words cued by incongruent syllogisms after correct than after incorrect evaluation, which indicates that participants actively process the content of the syllogism while reasoning, as a form of cognitive control. The success - fully conducted Type 2 reasoning enhances lexical access to the cued content, rather than impairing it. In short, findings of the original study were replicated for the priming effects, but not for the inhibition of content.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73745645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Hanzec Marković, Katarina Jonjić šarić, A. Brajša-žganec
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived maternal and paternal parental behaviors (support and restrictive control) and affective well-being (positive and negative affect) in chil - dren. The study involved 166 primary school children (75 girls, 91 boys), aged 8 to 12 years ( M = 10.15, SD = 0.86), who completed the Parental Behavior Questionnaire and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children. The results showed that both maternal and paternal support and restrictive control were significantly correlated with children’s positive and negative affect. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for the child’s age and gender, maternal support and restrictive control significantly predicted children’s positive affect and only maternal restrictive control predicted negative affect. However, when paternal behaviors were included in the analyses, significant predictors of chil - dren’s positive affect were maternal and paternal support and paternal restrictive control, while significant predictors of negative affect were only paternal behaviors.
{"title":"Relationship between Parental Behaviors and Affective Well-being in Primary School Children","authors":"Ivana Hanzec Marković, Katarina Jonjić šarić, A. Brajša-žganec","doi":"10.31577/sp.2022.04.862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2022.04.862","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived maternal and paternal parental behaviors (support and restrictive control) and affective well-being (positive and negative affect) in chil - dren. The study involved 166 primary school children (75 girls, 91 boys), aged 8 to 12 years ( M = 10.15, SD = 0.86), who completed the Parental Behavior Questionnaire and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children. The results showed that both maternal and paternal support and restrictive control were significantly correlated with children’s positive and negative affect. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for the child’s age and gender, maternal support and restrictive control significantly predicted children’s positive affect and only maternal restrictive control predicted negative affect. However, when paternal behaviors were included in the analyses, significant predictors of chil - dren’s positive affect were maternal and paternal support and paternal restrictive control, while significant predictors of negative affect were only paternal behaviors.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82292253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acquiescence is the consistent tendency toward a shift of responses in the direction of agreement rather than disagreement regardless of the content, and it is usually measured by manifest approach based on a deviation from the median of the response scale and by latent approach using confirmatory factor analysis. Our goal was to investigate whether acquiescence, as measured by both approaches, was stable over time. We explored the relationship of acquiescence with variables that are usually considered to be validating criteria for acquiescence. The research was conducted on a general sample of 443 Slovak adult participants, while using the BFI-2 as the tool to identify acquiescence. Data were collected twice with an interval of almost two years. The results showed that both approaches showed relative stability over time, with correlation coefficients r = .50 for the manifest and r = .55 for the latent approach. The time stability of acquiescence suggests that acquiescence is more of a participant-related than a situation-related construct. Both approaches positively correlated with counts of agreements used as validating variables. For future research, we recommend using CFA to identify acquiescence because of the low reliability of the manifest approach and counts of agreements from another time point as a validity criterion whenever possible.
{"title":"Time Stability of Acquiescence as Estimated by Manifest and Latent Approaches","authors":"Patrik Havan, Michal Kohút, P. Halama","doi":"10.31577/sp.2022.04.857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2022.04.857","url":null,"abstract":"Acquiescence is the consistent tendency toward a shift of responses in the direction of agreement rather than disagreement regardless of the content, and it is usually measured by manifest approach based on a deviation from the median of the response scale and by latent approach using confirmatory factor analysis. Our goal was to investigate whether acquiescence, as measured by both approaches, was stable over time. We explored the relationship of acquiescence with variables that are usually considered to be validating criteria for acquiescence. The research was conducted on a general sample of 443 Slovak adult participants, while using the BFI-2 as the tool to identify acquiescence. Data were collected twice with an interval of almost two years. The results showed that both approaches showed relative stability over time, with correlation coefficients r = .50 for the manifest and r = .55 for the latent approach. The time stability of acquiescence suggests that acquiescence is more of a participant-related than a situation-related construct. Both approaches positively correlated with counts of agreements used as validating variables. For future research, we recommend using CFA to identify acquiescence because of the low reliability of the manifest approach and counts of agreements from another time point as a validity criterion whenever possible.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83345696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this study was to test the mediating role of body responsiveness (body awareness and body disconnection) and negative mood states (depression, anxiety, and stress) in the relationship of self-compassion and trait mindfulness to life satisfaction. A total of 792 participants (669 females, 123 males) participated in the study. The results yielded that mindfulness and self-compassion have significantly negative relationships with negative mood states and perceived disconnection, while they have a significantly positive relationship with the importance of interoceptive awareness. Self-compassion and importance of interoceptive awareness were found to be significantly and positively related to life satisfaction, while negative mood states had a significantly negative relationship with life satisfaction. The re-arranged model accounted for a 26% variance in life satisfaction scores of participants. These findings imply that cultivation of mindfulness and self-compassion may enhance body responsiveness and diminish the negative mood states that in turn promote life satisfaction.
{"title":"The Mediating Role of Negative Mood States and Body Responsiveness in the Associations of Mindfulness and Self-Compassion with Life Satisfaction","authors":"Zeynep Aydın Sünbül, Neslihan Arıcı özcan","doi":"10.31577/sp.2022.04.858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2022.04.858","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to test the mediating role of body responsiveness (body awareness and body disconnection) and negative mood states (depression, anxiety, and stress) in the relationship of self-compassion and trait mindfulness to life satisfaction. A total of 792 participants (669 females, 123 males) participated in the study. The results yielded that mindfulness and self-compassion have significantly negative relationships with negative mood states and perceived disconnection, while they have a significantly positive relationship with the importance of interoceptive awareness. Self-compassion and importance of interoceptive awareness were found to be significantly and positively related to life satisfaction, while negative mood states had a significantly negative relationship with life satisfaction. The re-arranged model accounted for a 26% variance in life satisfaction scores of participants. These findings imply that cultivation of mindfulness and self-compassion may enhance body responsiveness and diminish the negative mood states that in turn promote life satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90672393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Empathy and Humility as Predictors of Forgiveness towards One’s Partner and Relationship Satisfaction in Young Adults","authors":"Tatiana Fupšová, Lucia Záhorcová","doi":"10.31577/sp.2022.03.851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2022.03.851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72472939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting the Most Common Incorrect Response: Metacognitive Advantage of Deliberative over Intuitive Responders on Cognitive Reflection Test","authors":"Lamija Šćeta, J. Sliško, Nikola Erceg","doi":"10.31577/sp.2022.03.852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2022.03.852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90455404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Brestovanský, A. Sádovská, P. Kusý, Romana Martincová, Ivan Podmanický
{"title":"Development of Prosocial Moral Reasoning in Young Adolescents and Its Relation to Prosocial Behavior and Meaningfulness of Life: Longitudinal Study","authors":"Martin Brestovanský, A. Sádovská, P. Kusý, Romana Martincová, Ivan Podmanický","doi":"10.31577/sp.2022.03.855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2022.03.855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84325697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenming Xu, Qiufeng Gao, Xinyue Yu, Jiayi Guo, Ruiming Wang
Previous research has suggested that one-time literary fiction exposure facilitates the ability to infer the other’s emotions/intentions, but the effect has a relatively low statistical power, and the mechanism re - mains poorly understood. To obtain greater statistical power and understand the mechanism, the index of cumulative reading engagement (CRE) with fiction is being proposed in the present research. College students ( N = 408) described their reading engagement by completing questionnaires about reading in - terest, reading time, diversity of reading materials, and fiction exposure. Next, participants assessed the moral judgment of actions and interpersonal reactivity scales. We analyzed the data using the structural equation technique to study the three-path mediation model. The results indicated that 1) CRE was relat - ed to social processing tendencies; 2) CRE contributed to moral intentions toward moral dilemma; 3) the effect of CRE on moral judgment was mediated by empathic concern, but not by perspective-taking and imaginary engagement. This study suggests that CRE is a reliable indicator of fiction exposure. Alternative - ly, reading fiction may involve exploring and expressing complex emotions, which in turn helps individuals increase their ability to infer and prioritize actors’ moral intentions.
{"title":"Cumulative Reading Engagement Predicts Individual Sensitivity to Moral Judgment: The Mediating Role of Social Processing Tendencies","authors":"Wenming Xu, Qiufeng Gao, Xinyue Yu, Jiayi Guo, Ruiming Wang","doi":"10.31577/sp.2022.03.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2022.03.853","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has suggested that one-time literary fiction exposure facilitates the ability to infer the other’s emotions/intentions, but the effect has a relatively low statistical power, and the mechanism re - mains poorly understood. To obtain greater statistical power and understand the mechanism, the index of cumulative reading engagement (CRE) with fiction is being proposed in the present research. College students ( N = 408) described their reading engagement by completing questionnaires about reading in - terest, reading time, diversity of reading materials, and fiction exposure. Next, participants assessed the moral judgment of actions and interpersonal reactivity scales. We analyzed the data using the structural equation technique to study the three-path mediation model. The results indicated that 1) CRE was relat - ed to social processing tendencies; 2) CRE contributed to moral intentions toward moral dilemma; 3) the effect of CRE on moral judgment was mediated by empathic concern, but not by perspective-taking and imaginary engagement. This study suggests that CRE is a reliable indicator of fiction exposure. Alternative - ly, reading fiction may involve exploring and expressing complex emotions, which in turn helps individuals increase their ability to infer and prioritize actors’ moral intentions.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85425755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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