Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice scale (IEMS) provides a self-report tool sensitive to individual tendencies to control implicit and explicit prejudice without directly inquiring about attitudes toward an outgroup. The current study verified the scale’s psychometric properties and construct validity on a Slovak sample. In line with the predictions, the principal component analysis suggested, and confirmatory factor analysis validated the presence of two uncorrelated factors of internal and external motivation. Additionally, while internal motivation was positively associated with adherence to egalitarianism and negatively with authoritarianism, external motivation did not demonstrate any of these relationships. Furthermore, only external motivation was found to be positively related to expressive self-control that parallels propositions claiming greater self-regulatory demands when egalitarian norms are followed to avoid social disapproval. Finally, both factors were positively correlated with concerns from appearing prejudiced, although internal motivation in a significantly greater degree, reflecting larger dependency on self-oriented concerns. With appropriate values of internal consistency for both factors, the IEMS scale provides a reliable self-report measure that might be used for systematic control of individual differences in the research of social cognition in intergroup context.
{"title":"Slovak Version of Internal and External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale","authors":"Drahomír Michalko, J. Plichtová","doi":"10.31577/sp.2021.03.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2021.03.825","url":null,"abstract":"Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice scale (IEMS) provides a self-report tool sensitive to individual tendencies to control implicit and explicit prejudice without directly inquiring about attitudes toward an outgroup. The current study verified the scale’s psychometric properties and construct validity on a Slovak sample. In line with the predictions, the principal component analysis suggested, and confirmatory factor analysis validated the presence of two uncorrelated factors of internal and external motivation. Additionally, while internal motivation was positively associated with adherence to egalitarianism and negatively with authoritarianism, external motivation did not demonstrate any of these relationships. Furthermore, only external motivation was found to be positively related to expressive self-control that parallels propositions claiming greater self-regulatory demands when egalitarian norms are followed to avoid social disapproval. Finally, both factors were positively correlated with concerns from appearing prejudiced, although internal motivation in a significantly greater degree, reflecting larger dependency on self-oriented concerns. With appropriate values of internal consistency for both factors, the IEMS scale provides a reliable self-report measure that might be used for systematic control of individual differences in the research of social cognition in intergroup context.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89564540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Time-discounting in monetary choices is determined by the aspects related to the reward, contextual factors, and characteristics of a person. In the present study (Ntotal = 1134), we examined how well do personal characteristics (sociodemographic, financial situation, self-control, cognitive abilities, negative experiencing, and trustfulness) predict time-discounting in both hypothetical and real reward scenarios. The results of the regression analyses indicate that the characteristics of a person explain only a small proportion of the variance in time-discounting (R2 ranged from .10 to .19). The only substantive predictors of time-discounting in monetary choices were financial literacy and a general tendency to delay gratification. We conclude that there still is much work to be done in explaining what determines time-discounting, however, we suggest shifting the focus from the personal characteristics to the characteristics of the reward and contextual factors.
{"title":"In search of determinants of time-discounting in monetary choices: Personal characteristics matter only a little","authors":"L. Vargová, Matúš Adamkovič","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/f52dq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/f52dq","url":null,"abstract":"Time-discounting in monetary choices is determined by the aspects related to the reward, contextual factors, and characteristics of a person. In the present study (Ntotal = 1134), we examined how well do personal characteristics (sociodemographic, financial situation, self-control, cognitive abilities, negative experiencing, and trustfulness) predict time-discounting in both hypothetical and real reward scenarios. The results of the regression analyses indicate that the characteristics of a person explain only a small proportion of the variance in time-discounting (R2 ranged from .10 to .19). The only substantive predictors of time-discounting in monetary choices were financial literacy and a general tendency to delay gratification. We conclude that there still is much work to be done in explaining what determines time-discounting, however, we suggest shifting the focus from the personal characteristics to the characteristics of the reward and contextual factors.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":"10 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88257772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.21697/SP.2021.21.1.01
L. Bernard, Jan Cieciuch, Andrew Lac, Barbara Žuro, Dino Krupić, M. Richter, N. Silvestrini, Bettina von Helversen
The Action–Trait theory of human motivation posits that individual differences in predispositional traits of action may account for variance in contemporary purposeful human behavior. Prior research has supported the theory, psychometric properties of scales designed to assess the motive dimensions of the theory, and the utility of these scales to predict an array of behaviors, but this is the first study to evaluate the cross-linguistical invariance of the 15-factor theoretical model. This study evaluated translations of the English language 60-item Quick AIM in 5 samples – Croatian (N = 614), French (N = 246), German (N = 154), Polish (M = 314), and U.S. English (N = 490) – recruited from 4 countries (Croatia, Poland, Switzerland, and the U.S.). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) supported the theoretical model on which the traits of action are based and scrutinized the measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar invariance) of the scale across the languages.
{"title":"A cross-cultural study of purposive “traits of action”: Measurement invariance of scales based on the action–trait theory of human motivation using exploratory structural equation modeling","authors":"L. Bernard, Jan Cieciuch, Andrew Lac, Barbara Žuro, Dino Krupić, M. Richter, N. Silvestrini, Bettina von Helversen","doi":"10.21697/SP.2021.21.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21697/SP.2021.21.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The Action–Trait theory of human motivation posits that individual differences in predispositional traits of action may account for variance in contemporary purposeful human behavior. Prior research has supported the theory, psychometric properties of scales designed to assess the motive dimensions of the theory, and the utility of these scales to predict an array of behaviors, but this is the first study to evaluate the cross-linguistical invariance of the 15-factor theoretical model. This study evaluated translations of the English language 60-item Quick AIM in 5 samples – Croatian (N = 614), French (N = 246), German (N = 154), Polish (M = 314), and U.S. English (N = 490) – recruited from 4 countries (Croatia, Poland, Switzerland, and the U.S.). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) supported the theoretical model on which the traits of action are based and scrutinized the measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar invariance) of the scale across the languages.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91096681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.21697/sp.2021.21.1.02
Włodzisław Zeidler
Poglądy i twórczość Kurta Lewina wywierały i nadal wywierają fascynujący wpływ na wielu autorów, którzy piszą o jego drodze życiowej oraz twórczości, opierając się na własnej wiedzy oraz na stanie badań nad ową twórczością. Kurt Lewin ma trwałe miejsce w historii psychologii, ale pomimo to, w zależności od punktu widzenia autora, obrazy jego dorobku są różne. Idąc śladem Graumanna (1992/2007), w artykule przeanalizowano jego pogląd, że psychologia XX wieku nie była przygotowana na przyjęcie i zrozumienie dzieł Kurta Lewina. Stanowisko Graumanna uzasadnia to, że poszczególni biografowie ograniczali swoje zainteresowania pracami Lewina albo do „okresu berlińskiego”, albo tego w USA. Tym samym zacierali złożoność i wyrazistość obrazu jego przestrzeni życiowej, która rozpoczynała się jednak już w Mogilnie i w Poznaniu.
{"title":"Kurt Lewin (1890–1947) – w oczach jego biografów","authors":"Włodzisław Zeidler","doi":"10.21697/sp.2021.21.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21697/sp.2021.21.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Poglądy i twórczość Kurta Lewina wywierały i nadal wywierają fascynujący wpływ na wielu autorów, którzy piszą o jego drodze życiowej oraz twórczości, opierając się na własnej wiedzy oraz na stanie badań nad ową twórczością. Kurt Lewin ma trwałe miejsce w historii psychologii, ale pomimo to, w zależności od punktu widzenia autora, obrazy jego dorobku są różne. Idąc śladem Graumanna (1992/2007), w artykule przeanalizowano jego pogląd, że psychologia XX wieku nie była przygotowana na przyjęcie i zrozumienie dzieł Kurta Lewina. Stanowisko Graumanna uzasadnia to, że poszczególni biografowie ograniczali swoje zainteresowania pracami Lewina albo do „okresu berlińskiego”, albo tego w USA. Tym samym zacierali złożoność i wyrazistość obrazu jego przestrzeni życiowej, która rozpoczynała się jednak już w Mogilnie i w Poznaniu.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77223845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.21697/sp.2021.21.1.03
J. Rytel
W artykule zrelacjonowano zmieniające się na przestrzeni ponad 100 lat koncepcje pojęcia trafności pomiaru testowego. Aktualnie pojęcie trafności odnosi się do stopnia, w jakim dane empiryczne oraz teoria uzasadniają interpretację wyników testowych w zakładanym kierunku (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education [AERA, APA, NCME], 2007, s. 31). Przedstawiono 5 podstawowych źródeł danych dotyczących trafności oraz problemy związane z integracją dowodów na rzecz trafności w spójną argumentację. Podkreślono użyteczność zaproponowanego przez Kane’a podejścia do walidacji opartego na argumentacji, odwołującego się do logiki nieformalnej i struktury argumentu wprowadzonej przez Toulmina. Omówiono także różnice stanowisk zajmowanych przez badaczy w odniesieniu do 2 podstawowych kwestii: czemu przysługuje trafność i jaki jest właściwy sposób jej ustalania?
{"title":"Kontrowersje wokół pojęcia trafności","authors":"J. Rytel","doi":"10.21697/sp.2021.21.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21697/sp.2021.21.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"W artykule zrelacjonowano zmieniające się na przestrzeni ponad 100 lat koncepcje pojęcia trafności pomiaru testowego. Aktualnie pojęcie trafności odnosi się do stopnia, w jakim dane empiryczne oraz teoria uzasadniają interpretację wyników testowych w zakładanym kierunku (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education [AERA, APA, NCME], 2007, s. 31). Przedstawiono 5 podstawowych źródeł danych dotyczących trafności oraz problemy związane z integracją dowodów na rzecz trafności w spójną argumentację. Podkreślono użyteczność zaproponowanego przez Kane’a podejścia do walidacji opartego na argumentacji, odwołującego się do logiki nieformalnej i struktury argumentu wprowadzonej przez Toulmina. Omówiono także różnice stanowisk zajmowanych przez badaczy w odniesieniu do 2 podstawowych kwestii: czemu przysługuje trafność i jaki jest właściwy sposób jej ustalania? ","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80959206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated irrational beliefs defined in rational-emotive cognitive-behavior therapy (REBT), attachment anxiety and avoidance, and conspiracy mentality as mediators of the relationship between HEXACO and Disintegration traits and COVID-19 health behaviors. Structural equation modeling on a sample of 287 participants, showed that Disintegration (D) was related to all mediating variables, highlighting the importance of D in the emergence of irrational beliefs. Conspiracy mentality mediated the effect of D in low adherence to recommended health behaviors - RHB , negative vaccination behavior, and greater use of pseudoscientific practices - PSP . Attachment anxiety mediated the relationship between high D, high Emotionality (E), and low Honesty (H) and lower adherence to RHB. Higher adherence to RHB predicted positive vaccination behavior, whilst there was no relationship between PSP use and vaccination behavior. REBT irrational beliefs and attachment avoidance were not found to be significant mediators of the relationship between personality traits and COVID-19 health behaviors.
{"title":"The role of personality, conspiracy mentality, REBT irrational beliefs, and adult attachment in COVID-19 related health behaviors","authors":"S. Stanković, L. Lazarević, G. Knežević","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/q2nye","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/q2nye","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated irrational beliefs defined in rational-emotive cognitive-behavior therapy (REBT), attachment anxiety and avoidance, and conspiracy mentality as mediators of the relationship between HEXACO and Disintegration traits and COVID-19 health behaviors. Structural equation modeling on a sample of 287 participants, showed that Disintegration (D) was related to all mediating variables, highlighting the importance of D in the emergence of irrational beliefs. Conspiracy mentality mediated the effect of D in low adherence to recommended health behaviors - RHB , negative vaccination behavior, and greater use of pseudoscientific practices - PSP . Attachment anxiety mediated the relationship between high D, high Emotionality (E), and low Honesty (H) and lower adherence to RHB. Higher adherence to RHB predicted positive vaccination behavior, whilst there was no relationship between PSP use and vaccination behavior. REBT irrational beliefs and attachment avoidance were not found to be significant mediators of the relationship between personality traits and COVID-19 health behaviors.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":"519 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86879166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The theory of action versus state orientation suggests that state-oriented people are more susceptible to sunk cost fallacy than action-oriented people because they ruminate about past costs and are reluctant to change their course of actions. However, research on the role of action versus state orientation in sunk cost fallacy is fairly limited. Therefore, the present paper aims to conceptually replicate the seminal study by van Putten et al. (2010) and verify whether action versus state orientation really matters in the susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. We also examined the role of gender and goal internalization in the susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. Participants (N = 205) filled an Action Control Scale and solved two sunk cost fallacy tasks in two experimental conditions. In the intrapersonal condition, the sunk costs belonged to a decision-maker. In the intrapersonal condition, an investor was not identical with the decision-maker. Eventually, our study failed to replicate the results of van Putten et al. (2010). Action versus state orientation did not predict the susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. Moreover, neither gender nor internalization moderated the relationship between action versus state orientation and susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. We suggest further replications to examine the roles of reluctance to change and rumination in the relationship between action versus state orientation and susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. Our findings also highlight the importance of high-powered replications that are an essential part of good research practice.
行动与状态导向的理论表明，状态导向的人比行动导向的人更容易受到沉没成本谬论的影响，因为他们反复思考过去的成本，不愿意改变他们的行动方针。然而，关于行动与状态取向在沉没成本谬误中的作用的研究相当有限。因此，本文旨在从概念上复制van Putten等人(2010)的开创性研究，并验证行动与状态取向在沉没成本谬误的易感性中是否真的重要。我们还研究了性别和目标内化在沉没成本谬误易感性中的作用。205名被试在两种实验条件下填写了一份行动控制量表，并解决了两项沉没成本谬误任务。在个人条件下，沉没成本属于决策者。在内省条件下，投资者与决策者并不相同。最终，我们的研究未能复制van Putten et al.(2010)的结果。行动取向与状态取向并不能预测沉没成本谬误的易感性。此外，性别和内化都没有调节行动与状态取向和沉没成本谬误易感性之间的关系。我们建议进一步的重复研究，以检验不愿改变和反思在行动与状态取向和沉没成本谬误易感性之间的关系中的作用。我们的发现还强调了高强度复制的重要性，这是良好研究实践的重要组成部分。
{"title":"Does Action vs. State Orientation Really Matter in the Susceptibility to Sunk Cost Fallacy? A Conceptual Replication Study","authors":"Miroslava Galasová, Matúš Grežo","doi":"10.31577/SP.2021.02.823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/SP.2021.02.823","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of action versus state orientation suggests that state-oriented people are more susceptible to sunk cost fallacy than action-oriented people because they ruminate about past costs and are reluctant to change their course of actions. However, research on the role of action versus state orientation in sunk cost fallacy is fairly limited. Therefore, the present paper aims to conceptually replicate the seminal study by van Putten et al. (2010) and verify whether action versus state orientation really matters in the susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. We also examined the role of gender and goal internalization in the susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. Participants (N = 205) filled an Action Control Scale and solved two sunk cost fallacy tasks in two experimental conditions. In the intrapersonal condition, the sunk costs belonged to a decision-maker. In the intrapersonal condition, an investor was not identical with the decision-maker. Eventually, our study failed to replicate the results of van Putten et al. (2010). Action versus state orientation did not predict the susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. Moreover, neither gender nor internalization moderated the relationship between action versus state orientation and susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. We suggest further replications to examine the roles of reluctance to change and rumination in the relationship between action versus state orientation and susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. Our findings also highlight the importance of high-powered replications that are an essential part of good research practice.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":"74 1","pages":"143-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78945040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Delay discounting, the tendency to choose a smaller-sooner reward over a larger-later reward, has been conceptualized either as a personal preference or as a rational thinking component. In this study (N = 397), the associations between monetary delay discounting – constructed as a rational thinking task – and cognitive individual difference measures were examined. Participants with higher general cognitive ability, cognitive reflection, scientific reasoning, and objective numeracy had a weaker tendency to discount delayed rewards, the opposite was true for those with higher intuitive thinking disposition and bias susceptibility. Bias susceptibility predicted delay discounting over and above all other cognitive predictors. The results partially support the assumption about a common basis of delay discounting and susceptibility to cognitive biases (as a rational thinking indicator). Because of the relatively low explained variance in delay discounting by cognitive variables, however, ample room is left for other potential predictors in the monetary delay discounting tasks.
{"title":"Cognitive Predictors of Delay Discounting in Monetary Choices","authors":"V. Bačová, Jakub Šrol","doi":"10.31577/SP.2021.02.817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/SP.2021.02.817","url":null,"abstract":"Delay discounting, the tendency to choose a smaller-sooner reward over a larger-later reward, has been conceptualized either as a personal preference or as a rational thinking component. In this study (N = 397), the associations between monetary delay discounting – constructed as a rational thinking task – and cognitive individual difference measures were examined. Participants with higher general cognitive ability, cognitive reflection, scientific reasoning, and objective numeracy had a weaker tendency to discount delayed rewards, the opposite was true for those with higher intuitive thinking disposition and bias susceptibility. Bias susceptibility predicted delay discounting over and above all other cognitive predictors. The results partially support the assumption about a common basis of delay discounting and susceptibility to cognitive biases (as a rational thinking indicator). Because of the relatively low explained variance in delay discounting by cognitive variables, however, ample room is left for other potential predictors in the monetary delay discounting tasks.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":"63 1","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84894990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research focuses on the question whether spirituality, religiosity and maladaptive personality traits, as measured by the PID-5 (antagonism, psychoticism, disinhibition, negative affectivity, detachment), predict epistemologically unfounded beliefs (EUB). The sample included 829 participants recruited through social networks (58% women, mean age 29,98 years). EUB was measured by the Scale of Epistemologically Unfounded Beliefs (Halama, 2019b), which measures three types of EUB: conspiracy, pseudoscientific, and paranormal beliefs. Pathological personality traits were measured by the Short Personality Questionnaire for DSM-5 (PID5-BF, Kruger et al, 2013), spirituality by the Questionnaire of Daily Spirituality (Underwood, 2011) and religiosity by The Religiosity Questionnaire (Storch et al., 2004). The results showed that especially psychoticism is a positive predictor of all EUBs. Spirituality and religiosity predicted only paranormal beliefs. Results confirmed maladaptive personality traits, religiosity, and spirituality can play a significant role in EUB and should be taken into account when considering sources of EUB at the individual level.
本研究主要探讨了由PID-5(对抗性、精神病性、去抑制性、负性情感、超然性)测量的灵性、宗教信仰和适应不良人格特征是否能预测认识论上无根据的信念(EUB)。样本包括通过社交网络招募的829名参与者(58%为女性，平均年龄29岁，98岁)。EUB是通过认识论上没有根据的信仰量表(Halama, 2019b)来衡量的，该量表测量了三种类型的EUB:阴谋、伪科学和超自然信仰。病态人格特征采用DSM-5短人格问卷(PID5-BF, Kruger et al.， 2013)，精神性采用日常精神性问卷(Underwood, 2011)，宗教虔诚度采用宗教虔诚度问卷(Storch et al.， 2004)。结果表明，特别是精神病是所有eub的积极预测因子。灵性和宗教信仰只能预言超自然的信仰。结果证实，适应不良的人格特征、宗教信仰和灵性在EUB中起着重要作用，在考虑个体层面的EUB来源时应予以考虑。
{"title":"Maladaptive Personality Traits, Religiosity and Spirituality as Predictors of Epistemically Unfounded Beliefs","authors":"Peter Teličák, P. Halama","doi":"10.31577/SP.2021.02.820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/SP.2021.02.820","url":null,"abstract":"The present research focuses on the question whether spirituality, religiosity and maladaptive personality traits, as measured by the PID-5 (antagonism, psychoticism, disinhibition, negative affectivity, detachment), predict epistemologically unfounded beliefs (EUB). The sample included 829 participants recruited through social networks (58% women, mean age 29,98 years). EUB was measured by the Scale of Epistemologically Unfounded Beliefs (Halama, 2019b), which measures three types of EUB: conspiracy, pseudoscientific, and paranormal beliefs. Pathological personality traits were measured by the Short Personality Questionnaire for DSM-5 (PID5-BF, Kruger et al, 2013), spirituality by the Questionnaire of Daily Spirituality (Underwood, 2011) and religiosity by The Religiosity Questionnaire (Storch et al., 2004). The results showed that especially psychoticism is a positive predictor of all EUBs. Spirituality and religiosity predicted only paranormal beliefs. Results confirmed maladaptive personality traits, religiosity, and spirituality can play a significant role in EUB and should be taken into account when considering sources of EUB at the individual level.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":"5 1","pages":"175-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88305864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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