Daniel Dančík1,4 , Zuzana Kasanova1,3,4 , Michal Hajdúk1,2,4 , Anton Heretik1,4 1 Department of Psychology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2 Department of Psychiatry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 3 The Center for Contextual Psychiatry KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 4 The Center for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Daniel Dančík1,4, Zuzana Kasanova1,3,4, Michal Hajdúk1,2,4, Anton Heretik1,4 1布拉迪斯拉发夸美纽斯大学心理学系，布拉迪斯拉发，斯洛伐克共和国2布拉迪斯拉发夸美纽斯大学精神学系，布拉迪斯拉发，斯洛伐克共和国3鲁汶大学背景精神病学中心，鲁汶，比利时4布拉迪斯拉发夸美纽斯大学科学园区精神疾病研究中心，布拉迪斯拉发，斯洛伐克共和国
{"title":"Attachment, Stress and Emotions in Daily Life: An Experience Sampling Study","authors":"D. Dančík, Z. Kasanova, M. Hajdúk, A. Heretik","doi":"10.31577/sp.2021.04.830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2021.04.830","url":null,"abstract":"Daniel Dančík1,4 , Zuzana Kasanova1,3,4 , Michal Hajdúk1,2,4 , Anton Heretik1,4 1 Department of Psychology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2 Department of Psychiatry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 3 The Center for Contextual Psychiatry KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 4 The Center for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79949175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality seems to be a stable predictor of satisfaction with life and meaning in life. The effects of emerging adulthood are currently under-explored. The aim of the present study is to explore whether the characteristics of emerging adulthood explain additional variance in satisfaction with life and meaning in life that is not explained by the Big Five factors. The sample involved 244 Slovak university students (13.1% men), who completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Big Five Inventory-2 and the Questionnaire of Emerging Adulthood characteristics. The results of linear hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for age and gender, showed that emerging adulthood characteristics added 6.4% of the explained variance in satisfaction with life, 28.1% of the explained variance in presence of meaning and 17.1% of the explained variance in search for meaning. The current study shows that the emerging adulthood characteristics are important for satisfaction with life and meaning in life.
{"title":"Emerging Adulthood – an Easy Time of Being? Meaning in Life and Satisfaction with Life in the Time of Emerging Adulthood","authors":"V. Kohútová, M. špajdel, M. Dědová","doi":"10.31577/sp.2021.03.829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2021.03.829","url":null,"abstract":"Personality seems to be a stable predictor of satisfaction with life and meaning in life. The effects of emerging adulthood are currently under-explored. The aim of the present study is to explore whether the characteristics of emerging adulthood explain additional variance in satisfaction with life and meaning in life that is not explained by the Big Five factors. The sample involved 244 Slovak university students (13.1% men), who completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Big Five Inventory-2 and the Questionnaire of Emerging Adulthood characteristics. The results of linear hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for age and gender, showed that emerging adulthood characteristics added 6.4% of the explained variance in satisfaction with life, 28.1% of the explained variance in presence of meaning and 17.1% of the explained variance in search for meaning. The current study shows that the emerging adulthood characteristics are important for satisfaction with life and meaning in life.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85904923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iris Ferrer, J. Fernández-castro, S. Edo, T. Rovira
The objective of this study was to assess the choice of coping strategies in relation to daily stress, taking into account the influence of the primary and secondary appraisals and the Big Five traits of personality. Over 10 days, a cohort of 122 individuals filled out an online diary in which they recorded the most important stressful event each day, their primary and secondary appraisal of this, and how they chose to cope with it. The results indicate that problem-focused coping depends on a strong primary and secondary appraisal, and on extraversion, whereas emotion-focused coping depends on a strong secondary appraisal and on extraversion. Social support seeking depends on strong primary and secondary appraisal, and on extraversion, openness and neuroticism. Refusal to seek support is associated with a strong primary appraisal, a weak secondary appraisal and a low level of conscientiousness. The conclusions are that momentary appraisals have a stronger predictive capacity than the personality traits, and that different coping strategies are not mutually incompatible.
{"title":"The Influence of the Primary and Secondary Appraisals, and of the Big Five Personality Traits, on the Choice of Coping Strategies: A Study Based on Daily Stress","authors":"Iris Ferrer, J. Fernández-castro, S. Edo, T. Rovira","doi":"10.31577/sp.2021.03.826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2021.03.826","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the choice of coping strategies in relation to daily stress, taking into account the influence of the primary and secondary appraisals and the Big Five traits of personality. Over 10 days, a cohort of 122 individuals filled out an online diary in which they recorded the most important stressful event each day, their primary and secondary appraisal of this, and how they chose to cope with it. The results indicate that problem-focused coping depends on a strong primary and secondary appraisal, and on extraversion, whereas emotion-focused coping depends on a strong secondary appraisal and on extraversion. Social support seeking depends on strong primary and secondary appraisal, and on extraversion, openness and neuroticism. Refusal to seek support is associated with a strong primary appraisal, a weak secondary appraisal and a low level of conscientiousness. The conclusions are that momentary appraisals have a stronger predictive capacity than the personality traits, and that different coping strategies are not mutually incompatible.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78242336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research conceptually replicates and extends the results of a study on the relation between individuals’ sex, their risk attitudes and stereotype threat (Carr & Steele, 2010). The authors reported that differences between men and women in risk aversion emerged only after activating negative stereotypes about women’s performance in mathematics. A total of 321 Slovaks, randomly assigned to control or experimental treatments, answered questions on their risk aversion, anxiety, analytical reasoning and gender self-concept. We expected to observe differences between men and women only after activating stereotypes. Aware of the issues with the consistency of different risk aversion measures, we investigated whether the effect of stereotype threat on risk aversion differs across three different risk aversion measures. Additionally, we explored whether this effect depends on how the stereotype threat is activated (explicit vs. implicit activation). Finally, to explain the mechanism through which stereotypes foster women’s risk aversion, we explored the moderating effect of gender self-concept and mediating effects of anxiety and analytical reasoning on the relationship between stereotype threat and risk aversion. In general, the study found no differences between men and women in risk aversion and did not replicate the original effect of stereotype threat on risk aversion.
{"title":"Stereotypes Concerns and Discreet Existence of Differences between Men and Women in Risk-Aversion – a Replication Study","authors":"M. Adamus, Matúš Grežo, Katarína Dudeková","doi":"10.31577/sp.2021.03.824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2021.03.824","url":null,"abstract":"The present research conceptually replicates and extends the results of a study on the relation between individuals’ sex, their risk attitudes and stereotype threat (Carr & Steele, 2010). The authors reported that differences between men and women in risk aversion emerged only after activating negative stereotypes about women’s performance in mathematics. A total of 321 Slovaks, randomly assigned to control or experimental treatments, answered questions on their risk aversion, anxiety, analytical reasoning and gender self-concept. We expected to observe differences between men and women only after activating stereotypes. Aware of the issues with the consistency of different risk aversion measures, we investigated whether the effect of stereotype threat on risk aversion differs across three different risk aversion measures. Additionally, we explored whether this effect depends on how the stereotype threat is activated (explicit vs. implicit activation). Finally, to explain the mechanism through which stereotypes foster women’s risk aversion, we explored the moderating effect of gender self-concept and mediating effects of anxiety and analytical reasoning on the relationship between stereotype threat and risk aversion. In general, the study found no differences between men and women in risk aversion and did not replicate the original effect of stereotype threat on risk aversion.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89111645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various psycho-social effects, including adverse effects on mental health in the general population. Many studies across different countries showed a significant increase in symptoms of fear, depression, anxiety and stress compared to the situation before the COVID-19 outbreak. Thus, it has gained more importance to examine the relationship between fear of the disease and mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and stress. In this study, the sample consisted of 679 individuals. Among 679 respondents, 467 respondents were women (68.8%) and 212 respondents were men (31.2%). Data were collected through an online survey using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. A significant positive relationship was observed between fear of COVID-19 and intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. All variables were found as differing significantly concerning gender, and the levels of fear were significantly higher in women than in men. Intolerance of uncertainty was found to fully mediate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety and stress. The findings obtained from this study were discussed in the light of literature findings and various suggestions were presented to researchers, mental health practitioners and policy makers.
{"title":"The Fear of COVID-19 Raises the Level of Depression, Anxiety and Stress through the Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty","authors":"Ferhat Kardaş","doi":"10.31577/sp.2021.03.828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2021.03.828","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various psycho-social effects, including adverse effects on mental health in the general population. Many studies across different countries showed a significant increase in symptoms of fear, depression, anxiety and stress compared to the situation before the COVID-19 outbreak. Thus, it has gained more importance to examine the relationship between fear of the disease and mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and stress. In this study, the sample consisted of 679 individuals. Among 679 respondents, 467 respondents were women (68.8%) and 212 respondents were men (31.2%). Data were collected through an online survey using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. A significant positive relationship was observed between fear of COVID-19 and intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. All variables were found as differing significantly concerning gender, and the levels of fear were significantly higher in women than in men. Intolerance of uncertainty was found to fully mediate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety and stress. The findings obtained from this study were discussed in the light of literature findings and various suggestions were presented to researchers, mental health practitioners and policy makers.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72605379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice scale (IEMS) provides a self-report tool sensitive to individual tendencies to control implicit and explicit prejudice without directly inquiring about attitudes toward an outgroup. The current study verified the scale’s psychometric properties and construct validity on a Slovak sample. In line with the predictions, the principal component analysis suggested, and confirmatory factor analysis validated the presence of two uncorrelated factors of internal and external motivation. Additionally, while internal motivation was positively associated with adherence to egalitarianism and negatively with authoritarianism, external motivation did not demonstrate any of these relationships. Furthermore, only external motivation was found to be positively related to expressive self-control that parallels propositions claiming greater self-regulatory demands when egalitarian norms are followed to avoid social disapproval. Finally, both factors were positively correlated with concerns from appearing prejudiced, although internal motivation in a significantly greater degree, reflecting larger dependency on self-oriented concerns. With appropriate values of internal consistency for both factors, the IEMS scale provides a reliable self-report measure that might be used for systematic control of individual differences in the research of social cognition in intergroup context.
{"title":"Slovak Version of Internal and External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale","authors":"Drahomír Michalko, J. Plichtová","doi":"10.31577/sp.2021.03.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2021.03.825","url":null,"abstract":"Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice scale (IEMS) provides a self-report tool sensitive to individual tendencies to control implicit and explicit prejudice without directly inquiring about attitudes toward an outgroup. The current study verified the scale’s psychometric properties and construct validity on a Slovak sample. In line with the predictions, the principal component analysis suggested, and confirmatory factor analysis validated the presence of two uncorrelated factors of internal and external motivation. Additionally, while internal motivation was positively associated with adherence to egalitarianism and negatively with authoritarianism, external motivation did not demonstrate any of these relationships. Furthermore, only external motivation was found to be positively related to expressive self-control that parallels propositions claiming greater self-regulatory demands when egalitarian norms are followed to avoid social disapproval. Finally, both factors were positively correlated with concerns from appearing prejudiced, although internal motivation in a significantly greater degree, reflecting larger dependency on self-oriented concerns. With appropriate values of internal consistency for both factors, the IEMS scale provides a reliable self-report measure that might be used for systematic control of individual differences in the research of social cognition in intergroup context.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89564540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Time-discounting in monetary choices is determined by the aspects related to the reward, contextual factors, and characteristics of a person. In the present study (Ntotal = 1134), we examined how well do personal characteristics (sociodemographic, financial situation, self-control, cognitive abilities, negative experiencing, and trustfulness) predict time-discounting in both hypothetical and real reward scenarios. The results of the regression analyses indicate that the characteristics of a person explain only a small proportion of the variance in time-discounting (R2 ranged from .10 to .19). The only substantive predictors of time-discounting in monetary choices were financial literacy and a general tendency to delay gratification. We conclude that there still is much work to be done in explaining what determines time-discounting, however, we suggest shifting the focus from the personal characteristics to the characteristics of the reward and contextual factors.
{"title":"In search of determinants of time-discounting in monetary choices: Personal characteristics matter only a little","authors":"L. Vargová, Matúš Adamkovič","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/f52dq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/f52dq","url":null,"abstract":"Time-discounting in monetary choices is determined by the aspects related to the reward, contextual factors, and characteristics of a person. In the present study (Ntotal = 1134), we examined how well do personal characteristics (sociodemographic, financial situation, self-control, cognitive abilities, negative experiencing, and trustfulness) predict time-discounting in both hypothetical and real reward scenarios. The results of the regression analyses indicate that the characteristics of a person explain only a small proportion of the variance in time-discounting (R2 ranged from .10 to .19). The only substantive predictors of time-discounting in monetary choices were financial literacy and a general tendency to delay gratification. We conclude that there still is much work to be done in explaining what determines time-discounting, however, we suggest shifting the focus from the personal characteristics to the characteristics of the reward and contextual factors.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88257772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.21697/SP.2021.21.1.01
L. Bernard, Jan Cieciuch, Andrew Lac, Barbara Žuro, Dino Krupić, M. Richter, N. Silvestrini, Bettina von Helversen
The Action–Trait theory of human motivation posits that individual differences in predispositional traits of action may account for variance in contemporary purposeful human behavior. Prior research has supported the theory, psychometric properties of scales designed to assess the motive dimensions of the theory, and the utility of these scales to predict an array of behaviors, but this is the first study to evaluate the cross-linguistical invariance of the 15-factor theoretical model. This study evaluated translations of the English language 60-item Quick AIM in 5 samples – Croatian (N = 614), French (N = 246), German (N = 154), Polish (M = 314), and U.S. English (N = 490) – recruited from 4 countries (Croatia, Poland, Switzerland, and the U.S.). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) supported the theoretical model on which the traits of action are based and scrutinized the measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar invariance) of the scale across the languages.
{"title":"A cross-cultural study of purposive “traits of action”: Measurement invariance of scales based on the action–trait theory of human motivation using exploratory structural equation modeling","authors":"L. Bernard, Jan Cieciuch, Andrew Lac, Barbara Žuro, Dino Krupić, M. Richter, N. Silvestrini, Bettina von Helversen","doi":"10.21697/SP.2021.21.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21697/SP.2021.21.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The Action–Trait theory of human motivation posits that individual differences in predispositional traits of action may account for variance in contemporary purposeful human behavior. Prior research has supported the theory, psychometric properties of scales designed to assess the motive dimensions of the theory, and the utility of these scales to predict an array of behaviors, but this is the first study to evaluate the cross-linguistical invariance of the 15-factor theoretical model. This study evaluated translations of the English language 60-item Quick AIM in 5 samples – Croatian (N = 614), French (N = 246), German (N = 154), Polish (M = 314), and U.S. English (N = 490) – recruited from 4 countries (Croatia, Poland, Switzerland, and the U.S.). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) supported the theoretical model on which the traits of action are based and scrutinized the measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar invariance) of the scale across the languages.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91096681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.21697/sp.2021.21.1.02
Włodzisław Zeidler
Poglądy i twórczość Kurta Lewina wywierały i nadal wywierają fascynujący wpływ na wielu autorów, którzy piszą o jego drodze życiowej oraz twórczości, opierając się na własnej wiedzy oraz na stanie badań nad ową twórczością. Kurt Lewin ma trwałe miejsce w historii psychologii, ale pomimo to, w zależności od punktu widzenia autora, obrazy jego dorobku są różne. Idąc śladem Graumanna (1992/2007), w artykule przeanalizowano jego pogląd, że psychologia XX wieku nie była przygotowana na przyjęcie i zrozumienie dzieł Kurta Lewina. Stanowisko Graumanna uzasadnia to, że poszczególni biografowie ograniczali swoje zainteresowania pracami Lewina albo do „okresu berlińskiego”, albo tego w USA. Tym samym zacierali złożoność i wyrazistość obrazu jego przestrzeni życiowej, która rozpoczynała się jednak już w Mogilnie i w Poznaniu.
{"title":"Kurt Lewin (1890–1947) – w oczach jego biografów","authors":"Włodzisław Zeidler","doi":"10.21697/sp.2021.21.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21697/sp.2021.21.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Poglądy i twórczość Kurta Lewina wywierały i nadal wywierają fascynujący wpływ na wielu autorów, którzy piszą o jego drodze życiowej oraz twórczości, opierając się na własnej wiedzy oraz na stanie badań nad ową twórczością. Kurt Lewin ma trwałe miejsce w historii psychologii, ale pomimo to, w zależności od punktu widzenia autora, obrazy jego dorobku są różne. Idąc śladem Graumanna (1992/2007), w artykule przeanalizowano jego pogląd, że psychologia XX wieku nie była przygotowana na przyjęcie i zrozumienie dzieł Kurta Lewina. Stanowisko Graumanna uzasadnia to, że poszczególni biografowie ograniczali swoje zainteresowania pracami Lewina albo do „okresu berlińskiego”, albo tego w USA. Tym samym zacierali złożoność i wyrazistość obrazu jego przestrzeni życiowej, która rozpoczynała się jednak już w Mogilnie i w Poznaniu.","PeriodicalId":45798,"journal":{"name":"Studia Psychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77223845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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