Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900665
Bradley L. Craig
{"title":"Wicked Flesh: Black Women, Intimacy, and Freedom in the Atlantic World by Jessica Marie Johnson (review)","authors":"Bradley L. Craig","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"631 - 633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47781337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900671
Elena Deanda-Camacho
of Enlightenment polemic and exchange. By giving us a nuanced and detailed portrait of Bianchi as a medical and socio-cultural gadfly or rebel, she underlines the radicalism of his non-judgmental account of the Vizzani case, and by extension of his treatment of broader questions about the relations between the body, identity, and desire. One significant discovery Donato has made in this regard is the long-lost text of a Discorso on love between men that Bianchi delivered in Bologna to the curiously named Accademia dei Diffettuosi (Academy of the Defective) in 1719, twenty-five years before writing the Breve Storia. This “apology for same-sex love” (59), as Donato calls it, suggests that Bianchi’s interest in dissident or prohibited forms of desire, and the sexual or gender identities these may create or express, was not incidental but of long standing. Inasmuch as it has never been published, it would have been very useful to have included this text in full (in Italian and English translation) as a fourth appendix, especially as an entire chapter is devoted to it.
启蒙运动的辩论和交流她细致入微地描绘了比安奇作为一个医学和社会文化上的牛头或反叛者的形象，强调了比安奇对维扎尼一案的非评判性叙述的激进性，并延伸了他对身体、身份和欲望之间关系的更广泛问题的处理。多纳托在这方面的一个重要发现是，比安奇于1719年在博洛尼亚交给名为“缺陷学院”(Accademia dei Diffettuosi)的《男人之间的爱情》的失传已久的文本，这比安奇写《短暂的故事》早了25年。多纳托称之为“为同性之爱道歉”(59)，这表明比安奇对不同意见或被禁止的欲望形式的兴趣，以及这些形式可能创造或表达的性或性别认同，不是偶然的，而是长期存在的。由于它从未出版过，如果将全文(意大利语和英语翻译)作为第四附录，特别是作为一整章专门讨论它，将是非常有用的。
{"title":"Sifilografía: A History of the Writerly Pox in the Eighteenth-Century Hispanic World by Juan Carlos González Espitia (review)","authors":"Elena Deanda-Camacho","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900671","url":null,"abstract":"of Enlightenment polemic and exchange. By giving us a nuanced and detailed portrait of Bianchi as a medical and socio-cultural gadfly or rebel, she underlines the radicalism of his non-judgmental account of the Vizzani case, and by extension of his treatment of broader questions about the relations between the body, identity, and desire. One significant discovery Donato has made in this regard is the long-lost text of a Discorso on love between men that Bianchi delivered in Bologna to the curiously named Accademia dei Diffettuosi (Academy of the Defective) in 1719, twenty-five years before writing the Breve Storia. This “apology for same-sex love” (59), as Donato calls it, suggests that Bianchi’s interest in dissident or prohibited forms of desire, and the sexual or gender identities these may create or express, was not incidental but of long standing. Inasmuch as it has never been published, it would have been very useful to have included this text in full (in Italian and English translation) as a fourth appendix, especially as an entire chapter is devoted to it.","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"644 - 646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45612903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900658
Devin Leigh
Abstract:This article examines an unpublished ethnographic letter written in 1763 by Archibald Dalzel, a British surgeon in West Africa. In uncovering the document's connections to a popular travel book by the Dutch merchant William Bosman, it argues that Europeans in the eighteenth century participated in a "cumulative tradition" when they produced new knowledge about non-European peoples in the Atlantic World. The conventions of this tradition remind us that ethnographic texts were tools of empire, composed by travelers attempting to replicate the literary and commercial successes of their imperial predecessors. For scholars of the eighteenth century, understanding this tradition is important because its conventions shape the ways that ethnographic texts can be used as primary sources on the peoples whom their authors purported to describe.
{"title":"In the Footsteps of Bosman: Archibald Dalzel's Letter from Anomabo, West Africa, and the Cumulative Tradition of Eighteenth-Century Imperial Ethnography","authors":"Devin Leigh","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900658","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines an unpublished ethnographic letter written in 1763 by Archibald Dalzel, a British surgeon in West Africa. In uncovering the document's connections to a popular travel book by the Dutch merchant William Bosman, it argues that Europeans in the eighteenth century participated in a \"cumulative tradition\" when they produced new knowledge about non-European peoples in the Atlantic World. The conventions of this tradition remind us that ethnographic texts were tools of empire, composed by travelers attempting to replicate the literary and commercial successes of their imperial predecessors. For scholars of the eighteenth century, understanding this tradition is important because its conventions shape the ways that ethnographic texts can be used as primary sources on the peoples whom their authors purported to describe.","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"549 - 565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43891807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900667
Elizabeth Dill
{"title":"Founded in Fiction: The Uses of Fiction in the Early United States by Thomas Koenigs (review)","authors":"Elizabeth Dill","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900667","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"636 - 638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48163864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900669
Charlotte Trinquet du Lys
In chapter 5, “Gallantry and Soft Power,” Markovits examines the use of gallant theater by diplomats and military leaders in the promotion of nonmilitaristic cultural influence. Geneva, Brussels, and Hanover serve as case studies where “the construction of . . . individual identities was closely linked to a collective French identity characterized by gallantry” (163). Chapter 6, “A Theater in Geneva?,” traces the evolution of the understanding of theater as an “instrument of acculturation” in the context of Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political warfare over the future of theatrical performance in the city (188). The final two chapters (“Exporting Revolution?” and “Theater and Acculturation in the Annexed Departments”) consider the function of acculturation during the revolutionary and imperial periods during which French theater in Europe became largely associated with French political control.
{"title":"Beauty and the Beast: The Original Story by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve (review)","authors":"Charlotte Trinquet du Lys","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900669","url":null,"abstract":"In chapter 5, “Gallantry and Soft Power,” Markovits examines the use of gallant theater by diplomats and military leaders in the promotion of nonmilitaristic cultural influence. Geneva, Brussels, and Hanover serve as case studies where “the construction of . . . individual identities was closely linked to a collective French identity characterized by gallantry” (163). Chapter 6, “A Theater in Geneva?,” traces the evolution of the understanding of theater as an “instrument of acculturation” in the context of Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political warfare over the future of theatrical performance in the city (188). The final two chapters (“Exporting Revolution?” and “Theater and Acculturation in the Annexed Departments”) consider the function of acculturation during the revolutionary and imperial periods during which French theater in Europe became largely associated with French political control.","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"640 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42663208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900660
A. Camoglu
Abstract:Revisiting Daniel Defoe's A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) in tandem with a selection of medical sources from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this essay examines the ethnocultural underpinnings of plague. Although plague approximates community to its imagined outsiders through a shared sense of precarity, the divide between the two paradoxically stays intact. This paradox is amplified in the recurrent use of the orientalist trope of "Turkish predestinarianism" in Defoe's novel and medical texts contemporaneous with it. The epidemiological orientalism encapsulated in this notion, this essay argues, is animated by paradoxes that have the figurative effect of holding Londoners together in their isolation by distancing them from the ethnocultural other.
{"title":"Plague, Paradox, and the Ends of Community: Defoe's Epidemiological Orientalism","authors":"A. Camoglu","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900660","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Revisiting Daniel Defoe's A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) in tandem with a selection of medical sources from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this essay examines the ethnocultural underpinnings of plague. Although plague approximates community to its imagined outsiders through a shared sense of precarity, the divide between the two paradoxically stays intact. This paradox is amplified in the recurrent use of the orientalist trope of \"Turkish predestinarianism\" in Defoe's novel and medical texts contemporaneous with it. The epidemiological orientalism encapsulated in this notion, this essay argues, is animated by paradoxes that have the figurative effect of holding Londoners together in their isolation by distancing them from the ethnocultural other.","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"583 - 599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45557679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900675
Jordan Green
The notion of entanglement brings forth images of inescapable enmeshment, jumbles of knots and webs from which no one can discern a beginning, an end, or any sense of how one individual strand figures into the whole. For Anna K. Sagal, this tangle is a site of subversion, a means through which women could participate in scientific discourse as they sought to reimagine the sociocultural constructions which intertwined their bodies with the natural world. In eighteenthcentury England, this association between women and plants entangled both figures in a “corporeal and psychological intimacy” that served to bolster constructions of women’s “natural” domestic femininity (1). This domestic femininity has often been read as an insurmountable obstacle to women’s rigorous scientific study. Botanical Entanglements, however, argues that women cleverly deployed these restraints to highlight a significant connection between “domesticity and scientific knowledge” (3). Implementing their own reinventions of these connections through literature and art, women forged new alliances with nature that produced significant intellectual development and scientific participation.
{"title":"Botanical Entanglements: Women, Natural Science, and the Arts in Eighteenth-Century England by Anna K. Sagal (review)","authors":"Jordan Green","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900675","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of entanglement brings forth images of inescapable enmeshment, jumbles of knots and webs from which no one can discern a beginning, an end, or any sense of how one individual strand figures into the whole. For Anna K. Sagal, this tangle is a site of subversion, a means through which women could participate in scientific discourse as they sought to reimagine the sociocultural constructions which intertwined their bodies with the natural world. In eighteenthcentury England, this association between women and plants entangled both figures in a “corporeal and psychological intimacy” that served to bolster constructions of women’s “natural” domestic femininity (1). This domestic femininity has often been read as an insurmountable obstacle to women’s rigorous scientific study. Botanical Entanglements, however, argues that women cleverly deployed these restraints to highlight a significant connection between “domesticity and scientific knowledge” (3). Implementing their own reinventions of these connections through literature and art, women forged new alliances with nature that produced significant intellectual development and scientific participation.","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"654 - 656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900670
Hal Gladfelder
{"title":"The Life and Legend of Catterina Vizzani: Sexual Identity, Science and Sensationalism in Eighteenth-Century Italy and England by Clorinda Donato (review)","authors":"Hal Gladfelder","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"642 - 644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49635158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900663
K. Alves
In 2022, the United States Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, ending constitutional protection for abortion care and delegating reproductive health policy to state legislatures. The majority opinion reversed Roe’s precedent on the thin basis of the Constitution’s “history.” Eighteenth-century scholars, including myself, were quick to note that abortion was legal throughout the American colonies and commonly practiced throughout the Americas. Women’s absence in the Constitution does not stand as a wholesale reflection of the period’s attitudes and practices. However, it was this period that seeded the biopolitical problem of reproductive capacity for people with uteruses, requiring management under the regime of male medical, political, and religious authority. Marcia D. Nichols’s Fixing Women: The Birth of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Britain and America and Baptism through Incision, edited by Martha Few, Zeb Tortorici, and Adam Warren with translations by Nina M. Scott, show the multifaceted entanglements of reproductive autonomy in the period.
{"title":"Fixing Women: The Birth of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Britain and America by Marcia D. Nichols, and: Baptism through Incision: The Postmortem Cesarean Operation in the Spanish Empire ed. by Martha Few, Zeb Tortorici, and Adam Warren (review)","authors":"K. Alves","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900663","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, the United States Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, ending constitutional protection for abortion care and delegating reproductive health policy to state legislatures. The majority opinion reversed Roe’s precedent on the thin basis of the Constitution’s “history.” Eighteenth-century scholars, including myself, were quick to note that abortion was legal throughout the American colonies and commonly practiced throughout the Americas. Women’s absence in the Constitution does not stand as a wholesale reflection of the period’s attitudes and practices. However, it was this period that seeded the biopolitical problem of reproductive capacity for people with uteruses, requiring management under the regime of male medical, political, and religious authority. Marcia D. Nichols’s Fixing Women: The Birth of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Britain and America and Baptism through Incision, edited by Martha Few, Zeb Tortorici, and Adam Warren with translations by Nina M. Scott, show the multifaceted entanglements of reproductive autonomy in the period.","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"624 - 627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46892369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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