Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a909461
Reviewed by: Trading Freedom: How Trade with China Defined Early America by Dael A. Norwood Meng Zhang Dael A. Norwood, Trading Freedom: How Trade with China Defined Early America ( Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2022). Pp. 270; 21 halftones, 2 line drawings. $45.00 cloth. America's earnest engagement with the Asia Pacific region is commonly perceived to have begun in the late nineteenth century in the context of expansionist competition with other imperial powers and global industrial capitalism. Challenging this traditional narrative, recent scholarship is drawing attention to the early interest and activities of the United States in the Pacific World. Norwood's new book is an outstanding example of this new direction and offers the revisionist argument that commerce with China had profoundly shaped Americans' perceptions of themselves and their place in the world in the long nineteenth century. Such influences were not restricted to the realm of foreign relations but indeed informed a series of domestic debates that defined American politics in those eras—on sovereignty, slavery, free labor, immigration, and imperial expansion. The book covers the period from the first American trading voyage to Qing China in 1784 to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. For this century-long period, Norwood traces a transition in Americans' approach to their relations with China, which he terms a conceptual shift from the "China trade" to the "China market." Whereas in the early republic, trade with China was seen as a strategic means to access a wider network of global commerce, by the late nineteenth century, Gilded-Age Americans came to see China primarily as an outlet for the overabundance of mass-produced goods at home and an arena for competition with other imperial powers. In the first decades of the American republic, commercial voyages to China were promoted as an important strategy to escape from British hegemony. China's ports functioned as gateways to a complex network of exchanges spanning the Americas, Africa, Europe, and the Pacific Islands. The priority of protecting Americans' China trade helped push for a more centralized national government that was able to implement protectionist tariffs and mobilize naval forces (chapter 1). However, other measures that aimed to support American traders in the East Indies, such as the Jeffersonian embargo, achieved the opposite result and enraged the traders they intended to protect (chapter 2). In the protectionist political environment after the French wars, the China trade came under hostile scrutiny for its role in driving the outflow of silver specie. Policies that were meant to stop the silver outflow and reduce the reliance on overseas commerce, such as the promotion of the use of bills of exchange, inadvertently ended up drawing Americans closer to a London-centered financial network of global capitalism (chapter 3). By the mid-1830s, American China traders had become close collabora
Dael A. Norwood著，《贸易自由:对华贸易如何定义早期美国》(芝加哥:芝加哥大学出版社，2022)。页。270;21个半色调，2个线条图。布45.00美元。人们普遍认为，美国与亚太地区的认真接触始于19世纪末，当时美国与其他帝国主义列强和全球工业资本主义展开了扩张主义竞争。最近的学术研究挑战了这种传统叙事，将人们的注意力吸引到美国早期在太平洋世界的兴趣和活动上。诺伍德的新书是这种新方向的一个杰出例子，并提出了修正主义的论点，即在漫长的19世纪，与中国的贸易深刻地塑造了美国人对自己及其在世界上地位的看法。这种影响并不局限于外交关系领域，而且确实影响了一系列关于主权、奴隶制、自由劳工、移民和帝国扩张的国内辩论，这些辩论定义了那个时代的美国政治。这本书涵盖了从1784年美国第一次到清朝的贸易航行到1882年排华法案通过的这段时间。在长达一个世纪的时间里，诺伍德追溯了美国人处理对华关系的转变，他称之为从“中国贸易”到“中国市场”的概念转变。在共和初期，与中国的贸易被视为进入更广泛的全球商业网络的战略手段，而到了19世纪末，镀金时代的美国人开始将中国主要视为国内大量生产商品过剩的出口，以及与其他帝国主义列强竞争的舞台。在美国建国的头几十年，到中国的商业航行被视为摆脱英国霸权的重要战略。中国的港口是连接美洲、非洲、欧洲和太平洋岛屿的复杂交流网络的门户。保护美国对华贸易的优先事项有助于推动一个更加集中的国家政府，能够实施保护主义关税并动员海军力量(第1章)。然而，旨在支持东印度群岛美国商人的其他措施，如杰斐逊禁运，取得了相反的结果，激怒了他们打算保护的贸易商(第2章)。与中国的贸易因在推动白银外流中所起的作用而受到敌意的审视。旨在阻止白银外流和减少对海外贸易依赖的政策，如促进使用汇票，无意中最终使美国人更接近以伦敦为中心的全球资本主义金融网络(第3章)。到19世纪30年代中期，美国的中国商人已经成为英国人在中国港口的密切合作者，包括鸦片走私业务和更积极地入侵中国。当鸦片战争爆发时，它在美国成为了一个强烈的兴趣和争论的对象——不是因为美国商人对鸦片贸易的深度参与得到了广泛的承认，而是因为美国担心英国权力可能会像以自由贸易的名义侵犯中国主权一样，为了废除鸦片而触及自己的国家主权。在第四章——我认为是本书中最有趣的一章——诺伍德描述了英国在中国的战争是如何惊动了美国奴隶主，并使废奴主义者更加大胆。美国的政治家和评论家们“一贯地把战争的交战各方划分到他们自己的政治分歧上，以奴隶制的合法性和国际法的执行为中心”(74)。诺伍德还坚持认为，正是为了捍卫美国的主权和奴隶制，抵御英国在全球的威胁，美国官员才寻求通过向中国派遣第一个外交大使馆来加深与中国的商业联系(74)。我发现这一特定因果关系的论证不如这一优秀章节中提出的其他观点有说服力。在这方面，传统观点认为，美国急于确保自己能获得与英国同样的特权……
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Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a909452
Joseph Roach
It Is Now Time for Music Joseph Roach (bio) What an extraordinary honor it is to be remembered so generously for a book about the persistence of forgetting. My gratitude wells up proportionately. Each of the distinguished contributors remembers something of horizon-expanding importance that I forgot to know: Lisa Freeman, that the neologism glocal would have more clearly expressed the geohistorical relationships I had in mind, had I thought to use it; Kathleen Wilson, that performance—transportable, adaptable, irresistible—both proselytized for the British Empire and fomented resistance to it across all the oceans of the world, "from the Caribbean to the bay of Bengal, and the South Atlantic to the China Sea"; Elizabeth Dillon, that a walk in Ralph Waldo Emerson's footsteps along the "Freedom Trail" across America's oldest park traverses a regional palimpsest of hemispheric racial violence; Amy Huang, that our mapping of the transoceanic flows of cultural substitutions must include Asian peoples; and Daniel O'Quinn, that Jessye Norman's Dido verifies Afro-diasporic surrogation. Perspicaciously, O'Quinn queries my omission of the haunting curse that Virgil's Dido puts on the departing Aeneas and his descendants, calling on her avenger to rise from her bones. My excuse is as abject as it is pertinent to the occasion: I forgot. Indeed, none of these or other similarly recovered memories should ever be taken for granted. "What Americans mean by 'history,''' James Baldwin wrote, "is something that they can forget."1 Today, when the latest instant newsfeeds reenact scenarios of the Enlightenment's greatest failure, scholars of performance, past and present, have it in their power to challenge such refractory postponements of racial reckoning. In the Prologue to her transformative Strolling Players of Empire: Theater and Performances of Power in the British Imperial Provinces, 1656–1833 (2022), for instance, Kathleen Wilson remembers what generations of theater historians forgot: the "good ship Charming Sally," which famously [End Page 41] delivered the first professional acting company to American shores in 1752, was a slaver. Daniel O'Quinn navigates another quadrant of the same sea of tears when he evokes the cries of the drowning jetsam in NourbeSe Philip's Zong! Did their avengers arise from their bones? Do they still? Will they always? And Amy Huang maps an oceanic Asian current that runs so far and so deep, reminding her senior colleagues not to forget that the next wave of scholarly research in the field is already building even as ours crests. Anyone's memory can fail, but forgetting to remember differs from remembering to forget. Forgetting to remember might arise from unconscious repression, inattention, infirmity, or, as is so often the case, intractable cluelessness. Remembering to forget, by contrast, requires volition. I remembered to forget the Puritans, for instance, as Elizabeth Dillon points out. But the best antidote to forgetting, a
是时候听音乐了约瑟夫·罗奇(传记)能因为一本关于遗忘的持久性的书而被如此慷慨地记住，这是一种非同寻常的荣誉。我的感激之情相应地涌起。每一位杰出的贡献者都记得一些我忘了知道的、具有拓展视野的重要性的东西:丽莎·弗里曼(Lisa Freeman)，如果我想到要使用新词“全球的”(glocal)，它会更清楚地表达我心目中的地理历史关系;凯瑟琳·威尔逊(Kathleen Wilson)的表演——可移动、适应性强、不可抗拒——既为大英帝国传教，又在世界各大洋煽动对它的抵制，“从加勒比海到孟加拉湾，从南大西洋到中国海”;伊丽莎白·狄龙(Elizabeth Dillon)认为，沿着拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)的足迹，沿着“自由之路”穿越美国最古老的公园，穿越了一个半球种族暴力的地区性重写本;Amy Huang，我们对跨洋文化更替的描绘必须包括亚洲人;和丹尼尔·奥奎因，杰西·诺曼的黛朵证实了非洲侨民的代入。很明显，奥奎因质疑我遗漏了维吉尔笔下的狄多对即将离去的埃涅阿斯和他的后代施加的挥之不去的诅咒，呼唤她的复仇者从她的骨头中复活。我的借口很卑鄙，但又很应景:我忘了。事实上，这些或其他类似的恢复记忆都不应该被视为理所当然。“美国人所说的‘历史’，”詹姆斯·鲍德温写道，“是他们可以忘记的东西。今天，当最新的即时新闻重现启蒙运动最大失败的场景时，研究表演的学者，无论是过去的还是现在的，都有能力挑战这种难以接受的种族清算推迟。例如，在凯瑟琳·威尔逊(Kathleen Wilson)的《帝国的变革漫步者:1656年至1833年(2022年)英国帝国省的戏剧和权力表演》的序言中，她记得几代戏剧历史学家忘记的事情:“迷人的莎莉号好船”是一艘奴隶船，它在1752年向美国海岸运送了第一个专业表演公司。丹尼尔·奥奎因(Daniel O'Quinn)在唤起《诺贝斯·菲利普的宗》(nourbeese Philip's Zong)中落水的快艇的哭声时，在同一泪水之海的另一个象限进行了导航!他们的复仇者是从他们的骨头里冒出来的吗?他们还在吗?他们会一直这样吗?Amy Huang绘制了一幅亚洲洋流的地图，它跑得如此之远，如此之深，提醒她的资深同事不要忘记，即使在我们的研究达到顶峰时，该领域的下一波学术研究也已经开始了。任何人的记忆都会衰退，但是忘记记忆和记住忘记是不同的。忘记记忆可能是由于无意识的压抑、注意力不集中、身体虚弱，或者通常是由于顽固的无知造成的。相反，记住忘记需要意志。例如，正如伊丽莎白·狄龙指出的那样，我记得忘记了清教徒。但是，正如丽莎·弗里曼(Lisa Freeman)在引言中引用《死亡之城》(Cities of the Dead)所强调的那样，遗忘的最佳解药存在于表演的“审美触感”中，无论是现场体验还是生动再现。同样，狄龙的《新世界戏剧:大西洋世界的表演公地》(2014)和威尔逊的《漫步的玩家》的封面艺术都来自牙买加Jonkonnu的节日场景，由Isaac Mendes Belisario在1833-37年拍摄，令人瞠目。“古柯，或演员男孩”在狄龙面前炫耀着他的东西:飘逸的羽毛、假发和鞭子衬托着他从白色面具下露出来的黑脸，讽刺地向17世纪牙买加的创始英国领主鞠躬，与伟大的莎士比亚作家托马斯·贝特顿同时代，他在《奥赛罗》中的表演震撼灵魂。“红衫女郎”(The Red Set Girls)为威尔逊表演了旋转舞:旋转着粉红色的阳伞，扬起白色的衬裙，向草垛状的“绿衣杰克”(jack -in- green)致敬。名义上，这个角色与英国的五一庆祝活动有关，牙买加杰克，也被称为Pitchy Patchy，与西非的Egungun假面舞者更相似这些神秘的、移动的、棚屋形状的雕像调解了生者和祖先死者之间的关系，以肯定他们的精神凝聚力，蔑视流散和种族灭绝。作为反表演的帝国漫步者，上演了一部仍在上演的新世界剧，咕咕、皮奇、红套……
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Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a909462
Reviewed by: Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries: British Literature, Political Thought, and the Transatlantic Book Trade, 1731–1814 by Sean D. Moore Matthew Sangster Sean D. Moore, Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries: British Literature, Political Thought, and the Transatlantic Book Trade, 1731–1814 ( Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2019). Pp. 288; 21 b/w illus. $91.00 cloth. Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries argues convincingly that "the African slave was the property that created the sovereign, virtuous, agrarian white civic republican" (15). It achieves this by bringing to light forms of exploitation that both subsidized and informed eighteenth-century literary culture. The book constructs its argument by considering interconnected material and ideological spheres, examining the sources of wealth that allowed well-to-do subscription library members access to expensive cultural luxuries alongside analyzing literary works that were held in and circulated from such libraries. An extensive preface and introduction work in concert to set out the book's principal contentions and parameters. In the introduction, the careful discussions of historiography and the commitment to clarity of argument are particularly impressive. Each of the five chapters features "an introduction, an explication of its major literary text for analysis, a history of the library it explores, and evidence of reading books in the library's particular socio-cultural contexts" (xiii). The first chapter examines the Salem Social Library (founded in 1760) alongside Oroonoko, considering both Aphra Behn's original fiction (1688) and John Hawkesworth's 1759 play. The second chapter reads Alexander Pope's use of slavery metaphors and his defenses of the status quo in Windsor Forest (1713) and the Essay on Man (1733–4) in the context of the Redwood Library in Newport, Rhode Island (founded in 1747). The third chapter pairs Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) and the [End Page 127] New York Society Library (founded in 1754), focusing particularly on possessive individualism. The fourth chapter considers Charles Johnstone's Chrysal; or, The Adventures of a Guinea (1760 and 1765), reading the politics of the it-narrative through the lenses of the Charleston Library Society (founded in 1748) and the South Carolina practice of using enslaved people to back paper money. The final chapter considers the Library Company of Philadelphia (founded in 1731) alongside Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative (1789). This chapter pays particular attention to generic mixing and to the uses Equiano made of the work of Philadelphia-based abolitionist Anthony Benezet, whose books representing African civilizations in a positive light were compiled in part using Library Company holdings. Moore marshals an entirely persuasive case that all five libraries he examines—and by implication most other early American subscription libraries—were founded and supported b
{"title":"Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries: British Literature, Political Thought, and the Transatlantic Book Trade, 1731–1814 by Sean D. Moore (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a909462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a909462","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries: British Literature, Political Thought, and the Transatlantic Book Trade, 1731–1814 by Sean D. Moore Matthew Sangster Sean D. Moore, Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries: British Literature, Political Thought, and the Transatlantic Book Trade, 1731–1814 ( Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2019). Pp. 288; 21 b/w illus. $91.00 cloth. Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries argues convincingly that \"the African slave was the property that created the sovereign, virtuous, agrarian white civic republican\" (15). It achieves this by bringing to light forms of exploitation that both subsidized and informed eighteenth-century literary culture. The book constructs its argument by considering interconnected material and ideological spheres, examining the sources of wealth that allowed well-to-do subscription library members access to expensive cultural luxuries alongside analyzing literary works that were held in and circulated from such libraries. An extensive preface and introduction work in concert to set out the book's principal contentions and parameters. In the introduction, the careful discussions of historiography and the commitment to clarity of argument are particularly impressive. Each of the five chapters features \"an introduction, an explication of its major literary text for analysis, a history of the library it explores, and evidence of reading books in the library's particular socio-cultural contexts\" (xiii). The first chapter examines the Salem Social Library (founded in 1760) alongside Oroonoko, considering both Aphra Behn's original fiction (1688) and John Hawkesworth's 1759 play. The second chapter reads Alexander Pope's use of slavery metaphors and his defenses of the status quo in Windsor Forest (1713) and the Essay on Man (1733–4) in the context of the Redwood Library in Newport, Rhode Island (founded in 1747). The third chapter pairs Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) and the [End Page 127] New York Society Library (founded in 1754), focusing particularly on possessive individualism. The fourth chapter considers Charles Johnstone's Chrysal; or, The Adventures of a Guinea (1760 and 1765), reading the politics of the it-narrative through the lenses of the Charleston Library Society (founded in 1748) and the South Carolina practice of using enslaved people to back paper money. The final chapter considers the Library Company of Philadelphia (founded in 1731) alongside Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative (1789). This chapter pays particular attention to generic mixing and to the uses Equiano made of the work of Philadelphia-based abolitionist Anthony Benezet, whose books representing African civilizations in a positive light were compiled in part using Library Company holdings. Moore marshals an entirely persuasive case that all five libraries he examines—and by implication most other early American subscription libraries—were founded and supported b","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a909458
Reviewed by: Utopianism for a Dying Planet: Life after Consumerism by Gregory Claeys Jason Pearl Gregory Claeys, Utopianism for a Dying Planet: Life after Consumerism ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 2022). Pp. 608. $39.95 cloth. The latest book by Gregory Claeys gives an impression of summation and culmination. At over 600 pages, it returns to and reexamines many of the texts and topics that Claeys, a historian of radical and socialist thought, has spent a lifetime researching. His work across five decades as author and editor has helped us to see the significance of social idealism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Dystopia: A Natural History (2016), itself over 500 pages, examines the history of the concept in both creative literature and actual political regimes—that is, governments that have made real the sorts of scenarios that writers have only imagined. The book discussed here, Utopianism for a Dying Planet, is likewise bleak in tone, despite its concern with speculations we might think of as positive or optimistic. Indeed, for Claeys, it will take the boldest aspirations—the kind that are sometimes dismissed as unrealistic—to address what are in fact our realest problems. The bulk of the book is a survey of utopian ideas and practices, with a chapter at the end that distills useful lessons and applies them to the climate crisis. Historically, Claeys starts in ancient Sparta and ends with the counterculture of the 1960s, giving ample attention to debates over luxury in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe and the United States. Thematically, he moves from literature and political philosophy to cultural movements and governmental institutions, finding worthwhile, though admittedly dated, proposals for equity and sustainability in an array of sources that go far beyond the parameters of Thomas More's Utopia (1516). This range is the strength of the book: in my view, no one but Claeys could have covered the subject so knowledgeably, so expansively. In some ways, despite the focus on consumption and the environment, Utopianism for a Dying Planet is a good introduction to the subject of utopia in general. Part 1, "Towards a Theory of Utopian Sociability," is composed of a meditation on the meaning of utopia; an excavation of its mythical background; and a [End Page 117] commentary on various theoretical models. In chapter 1, Claeys gives a broad and compound but nonetheless minimally complicated definition, so that "utopia consists in any ideal or imaginary society portrayed in any manner" (19). It has taken a number of forms: a text, a religion, a mental state, the very notion of progress, the experience of pleasure. At the same time, it is more than an empty placeholder or mere suggestion that things could be otherwise. Claeys insists, against theorists such as Fredric Jameson, on the details of plans and projects, however farfetched, and argues for the practical utility of even fantastical literature. Chapter 2 looks at th
{"title":"Utopianism for a Dying Planet: Life after Consumerism by Gregory Claeys (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a909458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a909458","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Utopianism for a Dying Planet: Life after Consumerism by Gregory Claeys Jason Pearl Gregory Claeys, Utopianism for a Dying Planet: Life after Consumerism ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 2022). Pp. 608. $39.95 cloth. The latest book by Gregory Claeys gives an impression of summation and culmination. At over 600 pages, it returns to and reexamines many of the texts and topics that Claeys, a historian of radical and socialist thought, has spent a lifetime researching. His work across five decades as author and editor has helped us to see the significance of social idealism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Dystopia: A Natural History (2016), itself over 500 pages, examines the history of the concept in both creative literature and actual political regimes—that is, governments that have made real the sorts of scenarios that writers have only imagined. The book discussed here, Utopianism for a Dying Planet, is likewise bleak in tone, despite its concern with speculations we might think of as positive or optimistic. Indeed, for Claeys, it will take the boldest aspirations—the kind that are sometimes dismissed as unrealistic—to address what are in fact our realest problems. The bulk of the book is a survey of utopian ideas and practices, with a chapter at the end that distills useful lessons and applies them to the climate crisis. Historically, Claeys starts in ancient Sparta and ends with the counterculture of the 1960s, giving ample attention to debates over luxury in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe and the United States. Thematically, he moves from literature and political philosophy to cultural movements and governmental institutions, finding worthwhile, though admittedly dated, proposals for equity and sustainability in an array of sources that go far beyond the parameters of Thomas More's Utopia (1516). This range is the strength of the book: in my view, no one but Claeys could have covered the subject so knowledgeably, so expansively. In some ways, despite the focus on consumption and the environment, Utopianism for a Dying Planet is a good introduction to the subject of utopia in general. Part 1, \"Towards a Theory of Utopian Sociability,\" is composed of a meditation on the meaning of utopia; an excavation of its mythical background; and a [End Page 117] commentary on various theoretical models. In chapter 1, Claeys gives a broad and compound but nonetheless minimally complicated definition, so that \"utopia consists in any ideal or imaginary society portrayed in any manner\" (19). It has taken a number of forms: a text, a religion, a mental state, the very notion of progress, the experience of pleasure. At the same time, it is more than an empty placeholder or mere suggestion that things could be otherwise. Claeys insists, against theorists such as Fredric Jameson, on the details of plans and projects, however farfetched, and argues for the practical utility of even fantastical literature. Chapter 2 looks at th","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1353/cwe.2023.a905170
Chris Magra
{"title":"Trading Freedom: How Trade with China Defined Early America by Dael A. Norwood (review)","authors":"Chris Magra","doi":"10.1353/cwe.2023.a905170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2023.a905170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82852061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900657
C. Hsieh, Devin Leigh, Kay Chronister, Arif Camoglu, Hilary Havens, Claude Willan, K. Alves, Eun Kyung Min, Bradley Craig, Misty G. Anderson, Elizabeth Dill, Keenan Burton, Charlotte Trinquet du Lys, Hal Gladfelder, Elena Deanda-Camacho, William Selinger, Carrie Shanafelt, Nora Nachumi, Jordan Green, Antonio T. Bly, Mark Vareschi
Abstract:Chinese Landskips, a set of twelve prints published between 1750 and 1760, has been regarded as exemplifying the fashion of chinoiserie, continuing the process of pastiche and disseminating imaginary views of China. This article proposes another interpretation by situating these prints in the contexts of printed topographical views and illustrated geography books. An analysis of Chinese Landskips and the illustrations in The Geographical Magazine (1782–83) reveals that the strategies that made the images appear authoritative and credible to eighteenth-century visual habits were more important than the question of whether or not they were pastiche.
{"title":"Chinoiserie and Beyond: Chinese Landskips and Printed Views in Eighteenth-Century British Geography Books","authors":"C. Hsieh, Devin Leigh, Kay Chronister, Arif Camoglu, Hilary Havens, Claude Willan, K. Alves, Eun Kyung Min, Bradley Craig, Misty G. Anderson, Elizabeth Dill, Keenan Burton, Charlotte Trinquet du Lys, Hal Gladfelder, Elena Deanda-Camacho, William Selinger, Carrie Shanafelt, Nora Nachumi, Jordan Green, Antonio T. Bly, Mark Vareschi","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900657","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Chinese Landskips, a set of twelve prints published between 1750 and 1760, has been regarded as exemplifying the fashion of chinoiserie, continuing the process of pastiche and disseminating imaginary views of China. This article proposes another interpretation by situating these prints in the contexts of printed topographical views and illustrated geography books. An analysis of Chinese Landskips and the illustrations in The Geographical Magazine (1782–83) reveals that the strategies that made the images appear authoritative and credible to eighteenth-century visual habits were more important than the question of whether or not they were pastiche.","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48836609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900673
Carrie D. Shanafelt
realize, not only from our current world, but also from the very question we are naturally prone to ask of it—the question of the origins of modern party democracy. Perhaps in scholarship as in parliamentary politics there is value to having both Tories and Whigs. Thanks to The Persistence of Party, we can at least be hopeful that future theories and grand narratives about modern party politics will be better attuned to the history of party in eighteenth-century Britain.
{"title":"Speculative Enterprise: Public Theaters and Financial Markets in London, 1688–1763 by Mattie Burkert (review)","authors":"Carrie D. Shanafelt","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900673","url":null,"abstract":"realize, not only from our current world, but also from the very question we are naturally prone to ask of it—the question of the origins of modern party democracy. Perhaps in scholarship as in parliamentary politics there is value to having both Tories and Whigs. Thanks to The Persistence of Party, we can at least be hopeful that future theories and grand narratives about modern party politics will be better attuned to the history of party in eighteenth-century Britain.","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44781116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900677
Mark Vareschi
{"title":"Data Visualization in Enlightenment Literature and Culture ed. by Ileana Baird (review)","authors":"Mark Vareschi","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46149358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900665
Bradley L. Craig
{"title":"Wicked Flesh: Black Women, Intimacy, and Freedom in the Atlantic World by Jessica Marie Johnson (review)","authors":"Bradley L. Craig","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47781337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/ecs.2023.a900666
Misty G. Anderson
As an interdisciplinary historian of gender and the Black Atlantic, Johnson frames her extensive archival research with original theoretical insights that will be of interest to scholars of the eighteenth century across disciplines. For example, the concept of “null value” (134) focuses a fresh perspective from the digital humanities on the enduring problem of archival silences so meaningfully elaborated by scholars such as Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Saidiya Hartman, and Marisa Fuentes. Incessant, yet incomplete, efforts at colonial quantification too often leave black women’s humanity frustratingly obscured in the documentary record. Rather than “pausing at empirical silence or accepting it at face value” (134), Johnson formulates a different approach that affirms black life even in the moment of its erasure: “Identifying archival silences as null values surfaces slaveowners and officials as responsible for missing and unacknowledged black life in the archive, but it resists equating the missing or inapplicable information with black death” (135). A lifeaffirming method also becomes central to the way Johnson draws on black queer and sexuality studies to develop a notion of black femme freedom. For Johnson, black femme freedom names a space of freedom that exceeds the terms of legal manumission and encapsulates the ways that black women continually refused commodification “by stepping into the fray on each other’s behalf” (173). It is a concept that honors “the promiscuous and polymorphic arrangements of femininity and feminine desire” that black women created (173).
{"title":"Futures of Enlightenment Poetry by Dustin Stewart (review)","authors":"Misty G. Anderson","doi":"10.1353/ecs.2023.a900666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2023.a900666","url":null,"abstract":"As an interdisciplinary historian of gender and the Black Atlantic, Johnson frames her extensive archival research with original theoretical insights that will be of interest to scholars of the eighteenth century across disciplines. For example, the concept of “null value” (134) focuses a fresh perspective from the digital humanities on the enduring problem of archival silences so meaningfully elaborated by scholars such as Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Saidiya Hartman, and Marisa Fuentes. Incessant, yet incomplete, efforts at colonial quantification too often leave black women’s humanity frustratingly obscured in the documentary record. Rather than “pausing at empirical silence or accepting it at face value” (134), Johnson formulates a different approach that affirms black life even in the moment of its erasure: “Identifying archival silences as null values surfaces slaveowners and officials as responsible for missing and unacknowledged black life in the archive, but it resists equating the missing or inapplicable information with black death” (135). A lifeaffirming method also becomes central to the way Johnson draws on black queer and sexuality studies to develop a notion of black femme freedom. For Johnson, black femme freedom names a space of freedom that exceeds the terms of legal manumission and encapsulates the ways that black women continually refused commodification “by stepping into the fray on each other’s behalf” (173). It is a concept that honors “the promiscuous and polymorphic arrangements of femininity and feminine desire” that black women created (173).","PeriodicalId":45802,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41993558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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