Journal of Oral Biosciences最新文献_第6页

Development and establishment of oral microbiota in early life 生命早期口腔微生物群的发育和建立。

IF 2.4 Q2 Dentistry

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.001

Shinya Kageyama, Toru Takeshita

Background

The oral microbiota has recently attracted attention owing to its association with oral and systemic diseases. Accordingly, gaining an understanding of oral microbiota development and the factors influencing it can contribute to preventing the establishment of dysbiotic oral microbiota and, eventually, oral microbiota-related diseases.

Highlight

In this review, we highlight the results of a longitudinal project focusing on oral microbiota development during early life. At 4 months of age, the oral microbiota of infants was found to differ considerably from the maternal oral microbiota, even though infants acquire oral bacteria from their mothers. At 18 months, although the infant microbiota is still not completely comparable with that of adults, from 4 to 18 months, there is a rapid phase of development, during which the microbial composition undergoes considerable change to a profile more similar to that in adults. During this development, the infant oral microbiota converges into two different profiles with adult-like traits, namely, Streptococcus salivarius- and Neisseria-dominant profiles. This divergence is strongly influenced by dietary habits, with a frequent intake of sweetened beverages being associated with an S. salivarius-dominant profile, which is suspected to be implicated in oral and systemic diseases.

Conclusion

The foundation of the adult oral microbiota may be established by 18 months of age, and the developmental period from 4 to 18 months may be an appropriate period during which to modify the microbial balance to obtain a desirable healthy state. In particular, dietary habits during this period warrant close attention.

背景：由于口腔微生物群与口腔和全身疾病的关系，口腔微生物群最近引起了人们的关注。因此，了解口腔微生物区系的发育及其影响因素有助于预防口腔微生物区系的菌群失调，并最终预防与口腔微生物区系相关的疾病。尽管婴儿从母亲那里获得了口腔细菌，但在 4 个月大时，婴儿的口腔微生物群与母亲的口腔微生物群存在很大差异。18 个月大时，虽然婴儿的微生物群还不能完全与成人相比，但从 4 个月到 18 个月，婴儿的微生物群会有一个快速发展阶段，在此期间，微生物群的组成会发生很大变化，变得与成人更为相似。在这一发育阶段，婴儿口腔微生物群汇聚成两种具有成人特征的不同特征，即唾液链球菌特征和奈瑟氏菌特征。这种分化深受饮食习惯的影响，经常摄入甜饮料与唾液链球菌主导型特征相关，而唾液链球菌主导型特征被怀疑与口腔和全身疾病有关：结论：成人口腔微生物群的基础可能在 18 个月大时就已建立，4 到 18 个月的发育期可能是改变微生物平衡以获得理想健康状态的适当时期。这一时期的饮食习惯尤其值得密切关注。

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引用次数: 0

Tacrolimus, FK506, promotes bone formation in bone defect mouse model 他克莫司（FK506）可促进骨缺损小鼠模型的骨形成。

IF 2.4 Q2 Dentistry

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.003

Satoko Nishida , Yuki Azetsu , Masahiro Chatani , Akiko Karakawa , Kai Otake , Hidemitsu Sugiki , Nobuhiro Sakai , Yasubumi Maruoka , Mie Myers , Masamichi Takami

Objectives

Some studies have reported that tacrolimus (FK506), an immunosuppressant, may have positive effects on bone formation. However, the precise effects of FK506 on bone repair or osteoblasts remain inadequately elucidated, and limited research has explored the outcomes of its use in an in vivo mouse model. This study aims to examine the effects of FK506 on bone repair and osteoblast functions using bone defect and BMP-2-induced ectopic ossification mouse models, as well as cultured primary mouse osteoblasts treated with FK506.

Methods

We established mouse models of femur bone defect and BMP-2-induced ectopic ossification to evaluate the effect of FK506 on new bone formation, respectively. Additionally, primary mouse osteoblasts were cultured with FK506 and examined for gene expressions related to osteoblast differentiation.

Results

While FK506 promoted the repair of bone defect areas in the femur of the bone defect mouse model, it also led to widespread abnormal bone formation outside the intended area. Additionally, following the implantation of a collagen sponge containing BMP-2 into mouse muscle tissue, FK506 was found to promote ectopic ossification and enhance BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Our findings also revealed that FK506 increased the number of immature osteoblasts in the absence of BMP-2 without affecting osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, direct effects were observed, reducing the ability of osteoblasts to support osteoclastogenesis.

Conclusions

These results indicate that FK506 increases new bone formation during bone repair and influences the proliferation of immature osteoblasts, as well as osteoblast-supported osteoclastogenesis.

研究目的一些研究报告称，免疫抑制剂他克莫司（FK506）可能对骨形成有积极作用。然而，FK506 对骨修复或成骨细胞的确切影响仍未得到充分阐明，在体内小鼠模型中使用该药物的结果也鲜有研究。本研究旨在利用骨缺损和 BMP-2 诱导的异位骨化小鼠模型，以及用 FK506 处理的培养小鼠原代成骨细胞，研究 FK506 对骨修复和成骨细胞功能的影响：我们分别建立了股骨头缺损小鼠模型和BMP-2诱导的异位骨化小鼠模型，以评估FK506对新骨形成的影响。此外，用 FK506 培养小鼠原代成骨细胞，并检测与成骨细胞分化相关的基因表达：结果：虽然 FK506 促进了骨缺损小鼠模型股骨中骨缺损区域的修复，但它也导致了预定区域外广泛的异常骨形成。此外，在将含有 BMP-2 的胶原海绵植入小鼠肌肉组织后，发现 FK506 能促进异位骨化并增强 BMP-2 诱导的体外成骨细胞分化。我们的研究结果还显示，在没有 BMP-2 的情况下，FK506 能增加未成熟成骨细胞的数量，而不影响成骨细胞的分化。此外，还观察到了直接效应，降低了成骨细胞支持破骨细胞生成的能力：这些结果表明，FK506能增加骨修复过程中新骨的形成，并影响未成熟成骨细胞的增殖以及成骨细胞支持的破骨细胞生成。

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引用次数: 0

Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis – Reassessing the biology of oral submucous fibrosis 芦荟坚果诱发的口腔纤维化--重新评估口腔黏膜下纤维化的生物学特性。

IF 2.4 Q2 Dentistry

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.005

Mohit Sharma , Sachin C. Sarode , Gargi Sarode , Raghu Radhakrishnan

Background

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a pathological condition characterized by excessive tissue healing resulting from physical, chemical, or mechanical trauma. Notably, areca nut consumption significantly contributes to the development of oral fibrosis. The current definition of OSF, recognizing its potential for malignant transformation, necessitates a more comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology and etiology.

Highlights

Areca nut induces fibrotic pathways by upregulating inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β and expressing additional cytokines. Moreover, it triggers the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, characterized by α-SMA and γSMA expression, resulting in accelerated collagen production. Arecoline, a component of areca nut, has been shown to elevate levels of reactive oxygen species, upregulate the expression of various cytokines, and activate specific signaling pathways (MEK, COX2, PI3K), all contributing to fibrosis. Therefore, we propose redefining OSF as “Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis” (AIOF) to align with current epistemology, emphasizing its distinctive association with areca nut consumption. The refined definition enhances our ability to develop targeted interventions, thus contributing to more effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral submucous fibrosis worldwide.

Conclusion

Arecoline plays a crucial role as a mediator in fibrosis development, contributing to extracellular matrix accumulation in OSF. The re-evaluation of OSF as AIOF offers a more accurate representation of the condition. This nuanced perspective is essential for distinguishing AIOF from other forms of oral fibrosis and advancing our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology.

背景：口腔黏膜下纤维化（OSF）是一种病理状态，其特点是物理、化学或机械创伤导致组织过度愈合。值得注意的是，食用山竹果会极大地促进口腔纤维化的发展。目前对口腔纤维化的定义认识到了其恶性转化的可能性，因此有必要对其病理生理学和病因学进行更全面的了解：重点：阿瑞卡果通过上调 TGF-β 等炎症细胞因子和表达其他细胞因子，诱导纤维化途径。此外，它还能促使成纤维细胞转化为肌成纤维细胞，其特征是α-SMA 和 γSMA 的表达，从而加速胶原蛋白的生成。事实证明，山崳果的一种成分 Arecoline 可提高活性氧水平，上调各种细胞因子的表达，激活特定的信号通路（MEK、COX2、PI3K），所有这些都会导致纤维化。因此，我们建议将 OSF 重新定义为 "阿雷卡坚果诱导的口腔纤维化"（AIOF），以符合当前的认识论，强调其与食用阿雷卡坚果的独特联系。细化后的定义提高了我们制定有针对性的干预措施的能力，从而有助于在全球范围内制定更有效的口腔黏膜下纤维化预防和治疗策略：结论：阿瑞克林作为一种介质在纤维化发展过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，有助于细胞外基质在口腔黏膜下纤维化中的积聚。将口腔黏膜下纤维化重新评价为口腔黏膜下纤维化（AIOF）能更准确地反映该病症。这种细致入微的观点对于区分 AIOF 和其他形式的口腔纤维化以及促进我们对该疾病病理生理学的了解至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Stem cells in regenerative dentistry: Current understanding and future directions 再生牙科中的干细胞：目前的认识和未来的方向。

IF 2.4 Q2 Dentistry

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.006

Pooja Shah , Marziyeh Aghazadeh , Sheeja Rajasingh , Douglas Dixon , Vinay Jain , Johnson Rajasingh

Background

Regenerative dentistry aims to enhance the structure and function of oral tissues and organs. Modern tissue engineering harnesses cell and gene-based therapies to advance traditional treatment approaches. Studies have demonstrated the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative dentistry, with some progressing to clinical trials. This review comprehensively examines animal studies that have utilized MSCs for various therapeutic applications. Additionally, it seeks to bridge the gap between related findings and the practical implementation of MSC therapies, offering insights into the challenges and translational aspects involved in transitioning from preclinical research to clinical applications.

Highlights

To achieve this objective, we have focused on the protocols and achievements related to pulp-dentin, alveolar bone, and periodontal regeneration using dental-derived MSCs in both animal and clinical studies. Various types of MSCs, including dental-derived cells, bone-marrow stem cells, and umbilical cord stem cells, have been employed in root canals, periodontal defects, socket preservation, and sinus lift procedures. Results of such include significant hard tissue reconstruction, functional pulp regeneration, root elongation, periodontal ligament formation, and cementum deposition. However, cell-based treatments for tooth and periodontium regeneration are still in early stages. The increasing demand for stem cell therapies in personalized medicine underscores the need for scientists and responsible organizations to develop standardized treatment protocols that adhere to good manufacturing practices, ensuring high reproducibility, safety, and cost-efficiency.

Conclusion

Cell therapy in regenerative dentistry represents a growing industry with substantial benefits and unique challenges as it strives to establish sustainable, long-term, and effective oral tissue regeneration solutions.

背景：再生牙科旨在增强口腔组织和器官的结构与功能。现代组织工程学利用细胞和基因疗法推进传统治疗方法。研究表明，间充质干细胞（MSCs）在再生牙科中具有潜力，其中一些已进入临床试验阶段。本综述全面探讨了利用间充质干细胞进行各种治疗的动物研究。此外，它还试图弥合相关研究结果与间充质干细胞疗法实际应用之间的差距，深入探讨从临床前研究过渡到临床应用所面临的挑战和转化方面的问题：为了实现这一目标，我们重点介绍了在动物和临床研究中使用牙源性间充质干细胞进行牙髓-牙本质、牙槽骨和牙周再生的相关方案和成果。各种类型的间充质干细胞，包括牙源性细胞、骨髓干细胞和脐带干细胞，已被用于根管治疗、牙周缺损、牙槽窝保存和上颌窦提升手术。其结果包括明显的硬组织重建、功能性牙髓再生、牙根伸长、牙周韧带形成和骨水泥沉积。然而，基于细胞的牙齿和牙周再生疗法仍处于早期阶段。个性化医疗对干细胞疗法的需求日益增长，这突出表明科学家和负责任的组织需要制定符合良好生产规范的标准化治疗方案，确保高度的可重复性、安全性和成本效益：再生牙科中的细胞疗法代表着一个不断发展的行业，在努力建立可持续、长期和有效的口腔组织再生解决方案的过程中，它带来了巨大的利益和独特的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoscale osseointegration of zirconia evaluated from the interfacial structure between ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia and cell-induced hydroxyapatite 从铈稳定的四方氧化锆与细胞诱导的羟基磷灰石之间的界面结构评估氧化锆的纳米级骨结合。

IF 2.4 Q2 Dentistry

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.003

Mari M. Saito, Kazuo Onuma, Yasuo Yamakoshi

Background

The osseointegration of zirconia implants has been evaluated based on their implant fixture bonding with the alveolar bone at the optical microscopic level. Achieving nano-level bonding between zirconia and bone apatite is crucial for superior osseointegration; however, only a few studies have investigated nanoscale bonding. This review outlines zirconia osseointegration, including surface modification, and presents an evaluation of nanoscale zirconia-apatite bonding and its structure.

Highlight

Assuming osseointegration, the cells produced calcium salts on a ceria-stabilized zirconia substrate. We analyzed the interface between calcium salts and zirconia substrates using transmission electron microscopy and found that 1) the cell-induced calcium salts were bone-like apatite and 2) direct nanoscale bonding was observed between the bone-like apatite and zirconia crystals without any special modifications of the zirconia surface.

Conclusion

Structural affinity exists between bone apatite and zirconia crystals. Apatite formation can be induced by the zirconia surface. Zirconia bonds directly with apatite, indicating superior osseointegration in vivo.

背景：对氧化锆种植体骨结合力的评估是基于其种植夹具与牙槽骨在光学显微镜下的结合力。实现氧化锆与骨磷灰石之间的纳米级结合对于良好的骨结合至关重要；然而，只有少数研究对纳米级结合进行了调查。本综述概述了氧化锆骨结合，包括表面改性，并对纳米级氧化锆-磷灰石结合及其结构进行了评估：假定发生骨结合，细胞会在铈稳定氧化锆基底上产生钙盐。我们利用透射电子显微镜分析了钙盐和氧化锆基底之间的界面，发现：1）细胞诱导的钙盐是类骨磷灰石；2）类骨磷灰石和氧化锆晶体之间存在直接的纳米级结合，而无需对氧化锆表面进行任何特殊修饰：结论：骨磷灰石和氧化锆晶体之间存在结构亲和性。氧化锆表面可诱导磷灰石的形成。氧化锆可直接与磷灰石结合，这表明氧化锆在体内具有良好的骨结合能力。

{"title":"Nanoscale osseointegration of zirconia evaluated from the interfacial structure between ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia and cell-induced hydroxyapatite","authors":"Mari M. Saito, Kazuo Onuma, Yasuo Yamakoshi","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The osseointegration of zirconia implants has been evaluated based on their implant fixture bonding with the alveolar bone at the optical microscopic level. Achieving nano-level bonding between zirconia and bone apatite is crucial for superior osseointegration; however, only a few studies have investigated nanoscale bonding. This review outlines zirconia osseointegration, including surface modification, and presents an evaluation of nanoscale zirconia-apatite bonding and its structure.</p></div><div><h3>Highlight</h3><p>Assuming osseointegration, the cells produced calcium salts on a ceria-stabilized zirconia substrate. We analyzed the interface between calcium salts and zirconia substrates using transmission electron microscopy and found that 1) the cell-induced calcium salts were bone-like apatite and 2) direct nanoscale bonding was observed between the bone-like apatite and zirconia crystals without any special modifications of the zirconia surface.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Structural affinity exists between bone apatite and zirconia crystals. Apatite formation can be induced by the zirconia surface. Zirconia bonds directly with apatite, indicating superior osseointegration <em>in vivo</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Local anesthetics inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated calcium responses and the recruitment of β-arrestin in HSY human parotid cells 局麻药抑制 HSY 人腮腺细胞中毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体介导的钙反应和 β-restin 的招募。

IF 2.4 Q2 Dentistry

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.04.002

Mari Shimatani , Takao Morita , Rezon Yanuar , Akihiro Nezu , Akihiko Tanimura

Objectives

Local anesthetics act on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); thus, their potential as allosteric modulators of GPCRs has attracted attention. Intracellular signaling via GPCRs involves both G-protein- and β-arrestin-mediated pathways. To determine the effects of local anesthetics on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR), a family of GPCRs, we analyzed the effects of local anesthetics on mAChR-mediated Ca²⁺ responses and formation of receptor–β-arrestin complexes in the HSY human parotid cell line.

Methods

Ca²⁺ responses were monitored by fura-2 spectrofluorimetry. Ligand-induced interactions between mAChR and β-arrestin were examined using a β-arrestin GPCR assay kit.

Results

Lidocaine reduced mAChR-mediated Ca²⁺ responses but did not change the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration in non-stimulated cells. The membrane-impermeant lidocaine analog QX314 and procaine inhibited mAChR-mediated Ca²⁺ responses, with EC₅₀ values of 48.0 and 20.4 μM, respectively, for 50 μM carbachol-stimulated Ca²⁺ responses. In the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺, the pretreatment of cells with QX314 reduced carbachol-induced Ca²⁺ release, indicating that QX314 reduced Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores. Lidocaine and QX314 did not affect store-operated Ca²⁺ entry as they did not alter the thapsigargin-induced Ca²⁺ response. QX314 and procaine reduced the carbachol-mediated recruitment of β-arrestin, and administration of procaine suppressed pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion in mice.

Conclusion

Local anesthetics, including QX314, act on mAChR to reduce carbachol-induced Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores and the recruitment of β-arrestin. These findings support the notion that local anesthetics and their derivatives are starting points for the development of functional allosteric modulators of mAChR.

目的局部麻醉剂作用于 G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）；因此，局部麻醉剂作为 GPCRs 异构调节剂的潜力备受关注。通过 GPCRs 发出的细胞内信号涉及到 G 蛋白和 β-restin 介导的途径。为了确定局麻药对 GPCR 家族中的毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体（mAChR）的影响，我们分析了局麻药对 mAChR 介导的 Ca2+ 反应以及 HSY 人腮腺细胞系中受体-β-阿司匹林复合物形成的影响。结果利多卡因降低了mAChR介导的Ca2+反应，但没有改变非刺激细胞中的细胞内Ca2+浓度。膜渗透性利多卡因类似物 QX314 和普鲁卡因抑制了 mAChR 介导的 Ca2+ 反应，对 50 μM 卡巴胆碱刺激的 Ca2+ 反应的 EC50 值分别为 48.0 μM 和 20.4 μM。在没有细胞外 Ca2+ 的情况下，用 QX314 对细胞进行预处理可减少卡巴胆碱诱导的 Ca2+ 释放，这表明 QX314 可减少细胞内储存的 Ca2+ 释放。利多卡因和 QX314 不会影响贮存操作的 Ca2+ 进入，因为它们不会改变硫辛酸诱导的 Ca2+ 反应。结论局麻药（包括 QX314）作用于 mAChR，减少卡巴胆碱诱导的 Ca2+ 从细胞内贮存释放和 β-arrestin 的招募。这些发现支持了局麻药及其衍生物是开发 mAChR 功能性异位调节剂的起点这一观点。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect of Toll-like receptor 2 ligands and alendronate on proinflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophage-like RAW-ASC cells is accompanied by upregulation of MyD88 expression Toll样受体2配体和阿仑膦酸钠对小鼠巨噬细胞样RAW-ASC细胞促炎细胞因子产生的协同作用伴随着MyD88表达的上调。

IF 2.4 Q2 Dentistry

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.04.003

Reiko Akaho , Yusuke Kiyoura , Riyoko Tamai

Objectives

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize whole cells or components of microorganisms. Alendronate (ALN) is an anti-bone-resorptive drug that has inflammatory side effects. The aim in this study was to examine whether ALN augments TLR2 ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production using mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells transfected with murine apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) gene (hereafter, referred to as “RAW-ASC cells”).

Methods

RAW-ASC cells were pretreated with or without ALN and then incubated with or without TLR2 ligands. The levels of secreted mouse IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in culture supernatants and the activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), caspase-11, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, NF-κB p65, and actin were analyzed via Western blotting. TLR2 expression was analyzed using flow cytometry.

Results

ALN substantially upregulated the Pam₃CSK₄-induced release of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and MyD88 expression in RAW-ASC cells. ST-2825, a MyD88 inhibitor, inhibited the ALN-augmented release of these cytokines. Pretreatment with ALN augmented Pam₃CSK₄-induced NF-κB activation in RAW-ASC cells and upregulated AP-1 activation. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S protein and ALN synergically upregulated the release of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW-ASC cells.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that ALN augments TLR2 ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production via the upregulation of MyD88 expression, and this augmentation is accompanied by the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 in RAW-ASC cells.

目的类oll受体（TLRs）可识别整个细胞或微生物的成分。阿仑膦酸钠（ALN）是一种抗骨吸收药物，具有炎症副作用。本研究的目的是利用转染了含有卡巴酶募集结构域（ASC）基因的小鼠凋亡相关斑点样蛋白的小鼠巨噬细胞样 RAW264.7 细胞（以下简称 "RAW-ASC 细胞"），研究 ALN 是否会增加 TLR2 配体诱导的促炎细胞因子的产生。用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定培养上清液中小鼠分泌的 IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6 和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的水平，以及活化蛋白-1（AP-1）或核因子-κB（NF-κB）的活化情况。通过 Western 印迹分析了髓样体分化因子 88（MyD88）、caspase-11、核苷酸结合寡聚域样受体家族含 pyrin 域 3（NLRP3）、ASC、NF-κB p65 和肌动蛋白的表达。结果ALN大大提高了Pam3CSK4诱导的IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的释放以及RAW-ASC细胞中MyD88的表达。MyD88抑制剂ST-2825抑制了ALN促进的这些细胞因子的释放。ALN预处理增强了Pam3CSK4诱导的NF-κB在RAW-ASC细胞中的活化，并上调了AP-1的活化。我们的研究结果表明，ALN 通过上调 MyD88 的表达增强了 TLR2 配体诱导的促炎细胞因子的产生，这种增强伴随着 RAW-ASC 细胞中 NF-κB 和 AP-1 的活化。

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引用次数: 0

Title Page (with cities) 扉页（含城市）

IF 2.4 Q2 Dentistry

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1349-0079(24)00098-7

引用次数: 0

Influence of feeding a soft diet on proteoglycan expression in rat temporomandibular joint discs 喂食软质食物对大鼠颞下颌关节椎间盘蛋白多糖表达的影响

IF 2.6 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.009

Objectives

Extracellular matrix components play a significant role in maintaining tissue integrity and pathological processes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a soft diet on the mRNA expression of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) linked to proteoglycan core proteins in rat TMJ discs.

Methods

Thirty 4-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to one of two groups: a control group fed a regular pellet diet and a soft diet group fed a powdered diet for 4 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of 12 proteoglycans in TMJ discs were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, histomorphometric and biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the thickness and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), GAG, and water content of the TMJ discs.

Results

The TMJ disc thickness in the anterior, intermediate, and posterior bands decreased significantly in the soft diet group. The GAG content decreased significantly in the soft-diet group, whereas no significant differences in DNA content or water content ratio were observed between the groups. Real-time PCR indicated that the expression levels of aggrecan, versican, biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin, lumican, and chondroadherin decreased in the soft diet group. The expression levels of all versican isoforms decreased in the soft diet group.

Conclusions

These results indicate that the biomechanical environment of the TMJ caused by a soft diet is closely related to the expression of proteoglycans in TMJ discs, which may eventually increase the fragility of the TMJ discs.

目的：细胞外基质成分在维持颞下颌关节（TMJ）组织完整性和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在评估软质饮食对大鼠颞下颌关节盘中蛋白聚糖和与蛋白聚糖核心蛋白相连的糖胺聚糖（GAGs）mRNA 表达的影响：将 30 只 4 周大的雄性 Wistar 大鼠分为两组：对照组和软食组，对照组喂食普通颗粒食物，软食组喂食粉状食物 4 周。使用实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）评估了颞下颌关节盘中 12 种蛋白多糖的 mRNA 表达水平。此外，还进行了组织形态计量学和生化分析，以评估颞下颌关节盘的厚度、脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）、凝胶体（GAG）和水分含量：结果：软质饮食组颞下颌关节盘前、中、后带的厚度明显减少。软质饮食组的 GAG 含量明显下降，而 DNA 含量和含水量比在组间无明显差异。实时 PCR 显示，软饮食组中 aggrecan、versican、biglycan、decolin、fibromodulin、lumican 和 chondroadherin 的表达水平下降。软质饮食组中所有 versican 同工酶的表达水平均有所下降：这些结果表明，软质饮食导致的颞下颌关节生物力学环境与颞下颌关节盘中蛋白多糖的表达密切相关，最终可能会增加颞下颌关节盘的脆性。

{"title":"Influence of feeding a soft diet on proteoglycan expression in rat temporomandibular joint discs","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span><span>Extracellular matrix<span> components play a significant role in maintaining tissue integrity and pathological processes of the </span></span>temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a soft diet on the mRNA expression of </span>proteoglycans<span> and glycosaminoglycans<span><span> (GAGs) linked to proteoglycan core proteins<span> in rat </span></span>TMJ discs.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>Thirty 4-week-old male Wistar rats<span> were assigned to one of two groups: a control group fed a regular pellet diet and a soft diet group fed a powdered diet for 4 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of 12 </span></span>proteoglycans in TMJ discs were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, histomorphometric and </span>biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the thickness and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), GAG, and water content of the TMJ discs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The TMJ disc thickness in the anterior, intermediate, and posterior bands decreased significantly in the soft diet group. The GAG content decreased significantly in the soft-diet group, whereas no significant differences in DNA content or water content ratio were observed between the groups. Real-time PCR indicated that the expression levels of </span>aggrecan<span><span><span><span>, versican, </span>biglycan<span>, decorin, </span></span>fibromodulin, </span>lumican<span>, and chondroadherin decreased in the soft diet group. The expression levels of all versican<span> isoforms decreased in the soft diet group.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results indicate that the biomechanical environment of the TMJ caused by a soft diet is closely related to the expression of proteoglycans in TMJ discs, which may eventually increase the fragility of the TMJ discs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spontaneous regeneration after resection of various lengths of hypoglossal nerve in rats 大鼠不同长度舌下神经切除后的自发性再生。

IF 2.6 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Oral Biosciences

Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.010

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate spontaneous neural regeneration and functional recovery after resection of various lengths of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve in adult rats.

Methods

Twelve weeks after XII nerve resection at lengths ranging from 0.0 to 15.8 mm, the tongue deviation angle of rats was measured to evaluate the severity of paralysis; thereafter, the XII neurons in the XII nucleus were labeled with Fluoro-Gold (FG), which was injected into the tongue to visualize regenerated XII neurons re-innervating the tongue muscles.

Results

In the XII nerve-resected rats, the regenerative rates, that is, the percentage of the total number of FG-positive neurons on the injured side relative to that on the uninjured side, were divided into two groups; the regenerative rates were more than 77% and less than 6%, respectively. Upon comparing the two groups, the boundary resection length was approximately 10.0 mm. Moreover, the former and latter groups demonstrated tongue deviation angles less than or greater than 15°, respectively.

Conclusions

The critical nerve gap length for spontaneous neural regeneration was approximately 10.0 mm in XII nerve-resected adult rats, and nerve regeneration occurred in both morphological and functional aspects after resection at less than the critical length.

研究目的本研究旨在调查成年大鼠舌下神经（XII）不同长度切除后的自发性神经再生和功能恢复情况：方法：在大鼠舌下神经（XII）切除0.0-15.8毫米后12周，测量大鼠的舌偏角以评估麻痹的严重程度；然后用氟金（FG）标记XII核中的XII神经元，并将其注入舌部以观察再生的XII神经元重新支配舌肌的情况：结果：切除 XII 神经的大鼠的再生率（即损伤侧 FG 阳性神经元总数占未损伤侧神经元总数的百分比）分为两组，再生率分别为 77% 以上和 6% 以下。两组比较，边界切除长度约为 10.0 毫米。此外，前一组和后一组的舌偏角分别小于或大于 15°：结论：切除 XII 神经的成年大鼠自发性神经再生的临界神经间隙长度约为 10.0 毫米，在小于临界长度时，切除后的神经在形态和功能方面都会发生再生。

{"title":"Spontaneous regeneration after resection of various lengths of hypoglossal nerve in rats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective of this study was to investigate spontaneous neural regeneration and functional recovery after resection of various lengths of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve in adult rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twelve weeks after XII nerve resection at lengths ranging from 0.0 to 15.8 mm, the tongue deviation angle of rats was measured to evaluate the severity of paralysis; thereafter, the XII neurons in the XII nucleus were labeled with Fluoro-Gold (FG), which was injected into the tongue to visualize regenerated XII neurons re-innervating the tongue muscles.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the XII nerve-resected rats, the regenerative rates, that is, the percentage of the total number of FG-positive neurons on the injured side relative to that on the uninjured side, were divided into two groups; the regenerative rates were more than 77% and less than 6%, respectively. Upon comparing the two groups, the boundary resection length was approximately 10.0 mm. Moreover, the former and latter groups demonstrated tongue deviation angles less than or greater than 15°, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The critical nerve gap length for spontaneous neural regeneration was approximately 10.0 mm in XII nerve-resected adult rats, and nerve regeneration occurred in both morphological and functional aspects after resection at less than the critical length.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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