Forensic Sciences Research最新文献_第4页

Corpses identification in mass disasters and other violence: the ethical challenges of a humanitarian approach 大规模灾难和其他暴力事件中的尸体鉴定：人道主义方法的伦理挑战

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad048

Vina Vaswani, Luciana Caenazzo, Derek R. Congram

In October 2022, the Centre for Ethics of Yenepoya University hosted a national workshop entitled: ‘Respect for human dignity of the unidentified dead from mass disasters and other violence: strategies for the ethical management of biological samples and personal data’. The aim was to explore and share experience and ethical considerations regarding the management and identification of human remains in the event of disasters, with the purpose to arrive at a general consensus about what constitutes the ethical foundation of the management of unidentified human remains in forensic practice and, in particular, contextualizing this in India. The main ethical consideration that emerged was racing the missing and identifying the dead are crucial to maintaining or restoring basic human rights and responsible relief activities. Identification is not only an organizational and scientific achievement but, regardless of circumstances, it is also necessarily and always an activity with significant political, epistemic and philosophical relevance and consequence. In India, it could be important to consider new legal provisions for the management of human samples so that this would provide a starting point for the treatment of human remains managed for forensic purposes with uniformity in the Country. Another important step in which governments should take part regards the involvement and education of the general public to develop their interest in this important goal. In the field of forensic anthropology, artificial intelligence can support, through the use of algorithms, the decision-making process that leads to the identification of the victim or its remains. Furthermore, they can be used to extract new knowledge from huge databases and shorten identification through computer automation of data binding activities. Applying AI tools in forensic sciences to collect new information from massive datasets to enhance knowledge, and reduce human subjectivity and errors, provides a greater scientific basis that could improve the strength of the evidence and support the admissibility of expert evidence. In light of the general lack of national/international guidance about ethical oversight for identification and care of human remains, the fact that regulations are frequently not adequate to govern ethical aspects, we hope that an internationally recognized body should develop such guidance in collaboration with relevant organizations.

2022 年 10 月，耶内波亚大学伦理学中心主办了一次题为 "尊重大灾难和其他暴力事件中身份不明死者的人格尊严：生物样本和个人数据的伦理管理战略 "的全国研讨会。研讨会的目的是探讨和交流在发生灾害时管理和鉴定遗骸方面的经验和伦理考虑，以便就什么是法医实践中管理身份不明遗骸的伦理基础达成普遍共识，特别是要结合印度的具体情况。出现的主要伦理考虑因素是与失踪者赛跑和确认死者身份对于维护或恢复基本人权和负责任的救援活动至关重要。身份鉴定不仅是一项组织和科学成就，而且无论在何种情况下，都必然是一项具有重大政治、认识论和哲学意义和后果的活动。在印度，重要的是考虑制定新的人体样本管理法律规定，以便为在全国统一处理为法医目的管理的遗骸提供一个起点。政府应参与的另一个重要步骤是让公众参与和教育，以培养他们对这一重要目标的兴趣。在法医人类学领域，人工智能可以通过使用算法支持决策过程，从而识别受害者或其遗骸。此外，它们还可用于从庞大的数据库中提取新知识，并通过数据绑定活动的计算机自动化缩短鉴定时间。在法医学中应用人工智能工具，从海量数据集中收集新信息，以增强知识，减少人为主观性和错误，从而提供更多科学依据，提高证据的强度，支持专家证据的可采性。鉴于目前普遍缺乏对遗骸鉴定和护理进行伦理监督的国家/国际指导，而且法规往往不足以规范伦理方面的问题，我们希望国际公认的机构应与相关组织合作制定此类指导。

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引用次数: 0

Improving accuracy of age estimates for insect evidence—calibration of physiological age at emergence (k) using insect size but without ‘k versus size’ model 提高昆虫证据年龄估计的准确性--使用昆虫体型校准出壳时的生理年龄（k），但不使用 "k 与体型 "模型

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad049

Jędrzej Wydra, Łukasz Smaga, S. Matuszewski

Postmortem interval (PMI) may be estimated based on the age of insect evidence collected on a death scene. Reference data that are used in such estimation frequently comprise thermal summation constant (ie, k), which is equal to the insect age upon completion of immature development expressed in accumulated degree-days or degree-hours (ADD or ADH). Essentially, k is a central point of an insect group and it may poorly represent insect evidence that is near the limits of variation for the group. Accordingly, it was postulated to calibrate k for particular insect evidence and insect size and sex were found to be useful for this purpose in some of the species. However, the calibration is only possible by using the model that correlates k with insect size. Since very few such models were published, this lack of data limits the calibration of k in forensic casework. In this article we develop a formula that is useful for the calibration of k without the use of ‘k versus size’ model (and related datasets). The formula uses k from the general thermal summation model for a species (with its standard error), size range for the species (retrieved from entomology literature) and size measurements for particular insect evidence. The calibration of k with the formula was validated using the Creophilus maxillosus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and Necrodes littoralis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) datasets. It was particularly useful while analyzing unusually small and large insects, in case of which the formula reduced the inaccuracy of k from the general model on average by about 25 ADD in C. maxillosus and about 40 ADD in N. littoralis. We discuss the limitations and prospects of the calibration protocol that employs the formula.

可以根据在死亡现场收集到的昆虫证据的年龄来估计死后间隔（PMI）。用于此类估算的参考数据通常包括热和常数（即 k），该常数等于以累积度日或度小时（ADD 或 ADH）表示的昆虫未成熟发育完成时的年龄。从本质上讲，k 是一个昆虫类群的中心点，它可能无法很好地代表接近该类群变异极限的昆虫证据。因此，有人提出了针对特定昆虫证据校准 k 的假设，并发现在某些物种中，昆虫的大小和性别对这一目的很有用。然而，只有使用 k 与昆虫体型相关的模型才能进行校准。由于此类模型很少发表，数据的缺乏限制了法医案件工作中对 k 的校准。在本文中，我们开发了一种公式，可用于在不使用 "k 与昆虫大小 "模型（及相关数据集）的情况下校准 k。该公式使用了物种一般热和模型中的 k（及其标准误差）、物种的大小范围（从昆虫学文献中检索）以及特定昆虫证据的大小测量值。使用该公式校准 k 时，使用了 Creophilus maxillosus（鞘翅目：蝶形目）和 Necrodes littoralis（鞘翅目：蚕科）数据集进行了验证。在分析异常小和异常大的昆虫时，该公式特别有用，在这些昆虫中，该公式将一般模型中 k 的误差平均降低了约 25 ADD（褐翅鞘翅目）和约 40 ADD（绵翅鞘科）。我们讨论了采用该公式的校准方案的局限性和前景。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing baseline correction algorithms in discriminating brownish soils from five proximity locations based on UPLC and PLS-DA methods 比较基于 UPLC 和 PLS-DA 方法的基线校正算法在鉴别五处近距离棕壤中的应用

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad045

Muhamad Adib bin Ahmad, Loong Chuen Lee, Nur Ain Najihah Binti Mohd Rosdi, Nadirah Binti Abd Hamid, A. Ishak, Hukil Sino

Soil is commonly collected from an outdoor crime scene, and thus it is helpful in linking a suspect and a victim to a crime scene. The chemical profiles of soils can be acquired via chemical instruments such as Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). However, the UPLC chromatogram often interferes with an unstable baseline. In this paper, we compared the performance of five baseline correction (BC) algorithms, i.e., asymmetric least squares, fill peak (FP), iterative restricted least squares, median window (MW), and modified polynomial fitting, in discriminating 30 chromatograms of brownish soils by five locations of origin, i.e., PP, HK, KU, BL and KB. The performances of the preprocessed sub-datasets were first visually inspected through the mean chromatograms and then further explored via scores plots of principal component analysis. Eventually, the predictive performances of the PLS-DA models estimated from 1000 pairs of training and testing samples (i.e., prepared via iterative random resampling split at 75:25) were studied to identify the best BC method. Mean raw chromatograms of the ten soil samples were different from each other, with evident fluctuated baselines. AsLS and MW corrected chromatograms demonstrated the most significant improvement compared to the raw counterpart. Meanwhile, the scores plot of PCA revealed that most of the sub-datasets produced three separate clusters. Then, the sub-datasets were modelled via the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) technique. MW emerged as the excellent BC method based on the mean prediction accuracy estimated using 1000 pairs of training and testing samples. In conclusion, MW outperformed the other BC methods in correcting the UPLC data of soil.

土壤通常是从室外犯罪现场采集的，因此有助于将嫌疑人和受害者与犯罪现场联系起来。可以通过超高效液相色谱（UPLC）等化学仪器获取土壤的化学特征。然而，超高效液相色谱法的色谱图往往会受到不稳定基线的干扰。本文比较了非对称最小二乘法、填充峰（FP）、迭代限制最小二乘法、中值窗（MW）和修正多项式拟合等五种基线校正（BC）算法在按五个产地（即 PP、HK、KU、BL 和 KB）判别 30 幅棕壤色谱图时的性能。预处理后的子数据集的性能首先通过平均色谱图进行直观检查，然后通过主成分分析的得分图进行进一步探讨。最后，研究了从 1000 对训练样本和测试样本（即通过迭代随机重样法按 75:25 的比例分割制备的样本）估算出的 PLS-DA 模型的预测性能，以确定最佳的 BC 方法。10 个土壤样品的平均原始色谱图彼此不同，基线波动明显。与原始色谱图相比，AsLS 和 MW 校正色谱图的改进最为显著。同时，PCA 的得分图显示，大多数子数据集都产生了三个独立的聚类。然后，通过偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）技术对子数据集进行建模。根据使用 1000 对训练和测试样本估算的平均预测准确率，MW 成为优秀的 BC 方法。总之，MW 在校正土壤 UPLC 数据方面的表现优于其他 BC 方法。

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引用次数: 0

Potential role of the Sella Turcica x-ray imaging aspects for sex estimation in the field of Forensic anthropology: a systematic review and metanalysis X射线成像在法医人类学领域性别估计中的潜在作用：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad046

E. C. Ribeiro, D. D. de Mendonça, P. G. de Barros Silva, L. Kurita, A. D. de Aguiar, F. M. Tuji, Frederico Sampaio Neves, F. Carvalho, Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa

Several studies have evaluated the parameters of normality of the Sella Turcica (ST), which is important face to different craniofacial syndromes that may affect this structure. Therefore, this research summarized the scientific evidence on the role of ST in the sex estimation of non-syndromic individuals. The research protocol was registered (PROSPERO # CRD42021256469), followed by an electronic search in six databases (PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, LIVIVO) and gray literature (Google scholar, OpenGrey). Meta-analysis of linear (width, length, height, and diameter) and volumetric measurements, in addition to an assessment of risk of bias (RoB) and certainty of evidence, were performed. After the screening of 986 articles, 13 were evaluated by meta-analysis (1307 males and 1231 females). In subgroup analysis, females had lower values for width (lateral radiograph; −0.67 mm; P = 0.040), length (computed tomography; −0.23 mm; P = 0.020), and diameter (computed tomography; −0.27 mm; P < 0.001) compared to males. There was no statistically significant difference regarding height (P = 0.95), area (P = 0.72), and volume (P = 0.21). Most studies exhibited moderate RoB, and the certainty of evidence of the outcomes was very low. In this review, significant differences were observed between the sexes for the length and diameter of the ST; however, the heterogeneity of the studies must be considered.

有几项研究评估了颅顶软骨（ST）的正常性参数，这对可能影响该结构的不同颅面综合征非常重要。因此，本研究总结了有关颅面滑膜在非综合征个体性别估计中的作用的科学证据。研究方案已注册（PROSPERO # CRD42021256469），随后在六个数据库（PubMed、LILACS、Web of Science、Scopus、EMBASE、LIVIVO）和灰色文献（Google scholar、OpenGrey）中进行了电子检索。除了评估偏倚风险（RoB）和证据的确定性外，还对线性测量（宽度、长度、高度和直径）和体积测量进行了元分析。在筛选了 986 篇文章后，对 13 篇文章进行了荟萃分析评估（男性 1307 篇，女性 1231 篇）。在亚组分析中，女性的宽度（侧位X光片；-0.67毫米；P = 0.040）、长度（计算机断层扫描；-0.23毫米；P = 0.020）和直径（计算机断层扫描；-0.27毫米；P < 0.001）值均低于男性。在身高（P = 0.95）、面积（P = 0.72）和体积（P = 0.21）方面，差异无统计学意义。大多数研究显示出中等程度的RoB，结果的证据确定性很低。在本综述中，观察到 ST 的长度和直径在性别间存在明显差异；但必须考虑到研究的异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of Demirjian’s comprehensive chart with the London Atlas of tooth development in children and adolescents: a pilot study 德米尔让综合图表与伦敦儿童和青少年牙齿发育图谱的比较：一项试点研究

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad044

Aman Chowdhry, Priyanka Kapoor, Deepak Bhargava, D. Bagga, Abhishek Mehta

Dental age estimation has its application in various subdisciplines of medicine and dentistry. New methods of dental age estimation are emerging and it’s important that we compare different methods to determine which one is more closely related to the chronological age. Demirjian’s method is one of the most widely used technique and has been tested in various ethnic populations globally. In 2016, Another, approach to dental age estimation is the London atlas of human tooth development and eruption. No study has compared both Demirjian’s comprehensive chart and London atlas method in the Indian population. Hence, in the current study we estimated dental age using both Demirjian’s comprehensive chart and London atlas method for association with the known chronologic age in children and adolescent orthodontic. The study also attempted to determine if sexual dimorphism existed in dental age estimated by the two methods. Dental age estimation was performed for both the methods on 100 orthopantomogram records (50 males and 50 females, aged 6-16 years) of orthodontic patients. The data were compared and analysed using paired t-tests. There was an overestimation of dental age by Demirjian’s comprehensive chart on an average of +1.3 in males and +0.5 in females, whereas using London Atlas, it was +1.4 years in males and +0.5 years in females. The mean of underestimation was -0.6 years in males and -0.8 years in females using Demirjian’s comprehensive chart, whereas it was -0.8 years in males and -0.5 years in females. A statistically significant difference (P<0.0001) was found when mean chronological age (11.6±2.6) of the participants was compared with dental age estimated using either Demirjian’s comprehensive chart (12.3±2.8) or London Atlas (11.8±2.9). The trends in this pilot study point towards more accuracy of London atlas over Demirjian’s method when done using comprehensive chart for estimating dental age. Studies with larger sample and on diverse ethnic population should be done to validate this finding.

牙龄估计在医学和牙科的各个分支学科中都有应用。估计牙齿年龄的新方法正在出现，我们比较不同的方法来确定哪一种与实际年龄更密切相关是很重要的。Demirjian的方法是最广泛使用的技术之一，并已在全球不同种族人群中进行了测试。2016年，另一种估算牙齿年龄的方法是人类牙齿发育和萌出的伦敦地图集。没有研究将Demirjian的综合图表和伦敦地图集方法在印度人口中进行比较。因此，在目前的研究中，我们使用Demirjian的综合图表和伦敦地图集方法来估计牙齿年龄与儿童和青少年正畸的已知年代学年龄的关系。该研究还试图确定性别二态性是否存在于两种方法估计的牙龄中。对100例正畸患者(男50例，女50例，年龄6 ~ 16岁)进行牙龄估计。采用配对t检验对数据进行比较和分析。Demirjian综合图对男性牙龄的平均高估值为+1.3岁，女性牙龄的平均高估值为+0.5岁，而伦敦地图集对男性牙龄的平均高估值为+1.4岁，女性牙龄的平均高估值为+0.5岁。根据Demirjian综合图，男性和女性的平均低估率分别为-0.6年和-0.8年，而男性和女性的平均低估率分别为-0.8年和-0.5年。受试者的平均实足年龄(11.6±2.6)与采用Demirjian 's综合年龄表(12.3±2.8)或伦敦地图集(11.8±2.9)估算的牙龄比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。这一初步研究的趋势表明，伦敦地图集在使用综合图表估计牙齿年龄时比Demirjian的方法更准确。应该对更大的样本和不同种族的人群进行研究，以验证这一发现。

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引用次数: 0

Ground penetrating radar used to detect drowning victims under ice. 用于探测冰下溺水者的地面穿透雷达。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-08 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad040

Gordon G Giesbrecht, Mitesh Patel, Rafid Javid, Scott Murray, Vrushil Patel, Noah Wiens, Darren Xie, Ian Jeffrey, Philip Ferguson

Every year, people drown after falling through ice on rivers and lakes. In some cases, the body of the victim floats up to the underside of the ice, making detection and recovery difficult using traditional search methods with divers. A robust and contact-less sensing system is required to locate drowning victims that does not put rescue teams at risk of falling through the ice themselves. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) for detecting deceased drowning victims that have floated up to the underside of the ice. We placed three euthanized pigs simulating drowning victims under ice ranging in thickness from 5 to 26 cm. We dragged a GPR at 500 MHz and 1 GHz across the ice to detect the simulated victims using an autocorrelation-based detection technique. Results showed that both frequencies were able to detect the rough shape of the simulated victims at ice thicknesses up to 42 cm, with the 1-GHz data showing slightly more resolution than the 500-MHz data. These results show promise and suggest future development of an autonomous drone-based GPR detection system.

Key points: Floating bodies are successfully detected under both ice and snow using a commercial ground penetrating radar system with ice depths reaching up to 26 cm in a controlled environment.The differences between using radar systems operating at/around 500 MHz and 1 GHz were not pronounced from the point of view of detection.Future studies should investigate the capabilities for detecting bodies in more realistic settings.

每年都会有人在坠入河流和湖泊的冰层后溺水身亡。在某些情况下，溺水者的身体会漂浮在冰面下，因此很难使用传统的潜水员搜索方法进行探测和打捞。我们需要一种强大的非接触式传感系统来确定溺水者的位置，同时又不会使救援队面临自身坠入冰层的风险。在本文中，我们展示了利用地面穿透雷达（GPR）探测漂浮到冰层底部的溺水者的可行性。我们将三头安乐死的猪模拟溺水者放置在厚度从 5 厘米到 26 厘米不等的冰层下。我们在冰面上拖动频率分别为 500 MHz 和 1 GHz 的 GPR，使用基于自相关的探测技术来探测模拟受害者。结果显示，两种频率都能探测到冰层厚度达 42 厘米时模拟受害者的大致形状，其中 1 GHz 数据的分辨率略高于 500 MHz 数据。这些结果表明未来有望开发基于无人机的自主 GPR 探测系统：在受控环境下，使用商用地面穿透雷达系统成功探测到冰雪下的浮尸，冰层深度可达 26 厘米。

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引用次数: 0

Oral health professional intervention and child physical abuse—European legal approach 口腔保健专业人员的干预和儿童身体虐待--欧洲法律方法

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad042

A. Corte-Real, P. Almiro, Mafalda Silva, T. Nunes, João Abreu, Carla Carreira, Duarte Nuno Vieira

Physical violence against children and adolescents is an issue of Global Public Health. This study aims to identify traumatic injuries and the medical–legal temporary framework of the victim’s profile in the European legal approach. Participants and Setting: The clinical reports of a Portuguese European Clinical Academic Center database were analyzed. An observational and prospective cohort study was performed. A descriptive analysis of the variables was conducted, considering gender, bimodal age groups, place of residence, offender data, place of occurrence, etiology, localization, type of injuries, personal injury assessment by Quantum doloris, and injury time. The statistical analysis was performed by Spearman’s rho and Kendall’s tau-b correlation tests, Pearson’s chi-square test of independence (χ2), and Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric tests (P < 0.05). The relationship between age groups and the place of occurrence was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Orofacial and nonorofacial injuries were related (P = 0.035). The General Data Protection Regulation is not a barrier to the treatment and sharing of justified data but a framework for safeguarding individuals’ fundamental rights, including the Right to Health. Meticulous reporting of the clinical situation involves the victim, the occurrence, and the potential offender.

针对儿童和青少年的身体暴力是全球公共卫生的一个问题。本研究旨在确定创伤性伤害和欧洲法律方法中受害者概况的医疗-法律临时框架。参与者和环境:分析葡萄牙欧洲临床学术中心数据库的临床报告。进行了一项观察性和前瞻性队列研究。对变量进行描述性分析，考虑性别、双峰年龄组、居住地、罪犯数据、发生地点、病因、局部、损伤类型、量子损伤评估和损伤时间。统计学分析采用Spearman 's rho和Kendall 's tau-b相关检验、Pearson 's卡方独立性检验(χ2)、Mann-Whitney和Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验(P < 0.05)。不同年龄组与发病地点之间的关系有统计学意义(P = 0.001)。口面部损伤与非口面部损伤相关(P = 0.035)。《一般数据保护条例》不是处理和共享合理数据的障碍，而是保障个人基本权利，包括健康权的框架。细致的临床情况报告涉及受害者、事件发生和潜在的犯罪者。

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引用次数: 0

A bibliometric analysis of research trends for missing persons globally and in East Asia from 2000 to 2021 2000 年至 2021 年全球和东亚失踪人员研究趋势的文献计量分析

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad041

Zixuan Zeng, Ishmael Dikeledi, Yehui Lv

A bibliometric analysis was performed to explore the current research status and development trends for missing persons globally and in East Asia and to identify research hotspots and frontiers relating to this topic. A search was conducted to identify relevant literature on missing persons using the Web of Science Core Collection database for the period 2000–2021. Subsequently, a knowledge map was constructed using CiteSpace software to perform a visual analysis of the distribution of authors and institutions, journals, national/regional distribution; citation frequency; high-frequency keywords; and emerging research hotspots. The results showed firstly that discussions on missing persons and related topics in East Asia are held at the regional scale. There is a paucity of research on this topic, which has been conducted on a limited scale, lacks depth and possibly innovation and entails limited discussion in this region. Secondly, there is a lack of social science research on missing persons and related topics worldwide. Thirdly, relevant research in East Asia should continue to preserve its own characteristics, effectively addressing current issues and enabling more people to participate in social science-oriented discussions focusing on the topic of missing persons. This approach provides a promising direction for pursuing the sustainable development of the topic of missing persons.

通过文献计量分析，探讨全球和东亚地区失踪人口研究现状和发展趋势，并确定研究热点和前沿。使用Web of Science核心收集数据库检索2000-2021年期间关于失踪人口的相关文献。随后，利用CiteSpace软件构建知识图谱，对作者分布、机构分布、期刊分布、国家/地区分布进行可视化分析;引用频率;高频关键词;以及新兴的研究热点。结果表明:东亚地区失踪人口及相关议题的讨论是在区域尺度上进行的;关于这一主题的研究很少，研究范围有限，缺乏深度和创新，在本地区的讨论也很有限。其次，全球范围内对失踪人口及相关课题的社会科学研究缺乏。第三，东亚地区的相关研究应继续保持自身特点，有效解决当前问题，使更多的人参与到以失踪人口为主题的社会科学讨论中来。这种做法为追求失踪人员专题的可持续发展提供了一个有希望的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Sequence variations of 58 STRs and 94 SNPs in Northeastern Xibe with ForenSeq™ DNA signature prep kit 使用 ForenSeq™ DNA 特征预处理试剂盒分析锡伯族东北部 58 个 STR 和 94 个 SNP 的序列变化

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad043

Fei Guo, Longnian Zhang, Y. Xin, Shiquan Liu

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology has already shown many advantages in forensic DNA typing. In this study, the repeat region (RR) and flanking region (FR) variations were detected at 58 short tandem repeats (STRs) by MPS, which could increase allelic diversity (34.59%) and gene diversity (3.95%) compared with the capillary electrophoresis (CE) method. Six novel RR variants were identified at 5 STRs, and eleven FR variants were found at 8 STRs. Concordance amounted to 99.96% (4598 out of 4600 alleles) between ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit and CE kits, and discordance was due to bioinformatic misinterpretation at DXS7132. Additionally, allele frequencies and forensic parameters of 94 identity-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (iiSNPs) provided a reference dataset, which held a higher power of discrimination (1–3.4825 × 10−35). A total of 29 FR variants were found at 24 target iiSNPs. The power of the system effectiveness with the combined 27 autosomal STRs by sequence and 94 iiSNPs was added more substantially than that of a single type of marker alone, such as the combined power of discrimination (CPD) and the combined power of exclusion (CPE) achieving 1–7.1358 × 10−65 and 1–4.4803 × 10−21, respectively. Population structure analyses with iiSNPs and additional ancestry-informative SNPs (aiSNPs) demonstrated that Chinese Xibe in the northeast was one of the East Asian populations. At the genetic level, Northeastern Xibe is close to populations where they live, such as Han Chinese and other ethnic minority groups.

大规模平行测序(MPS)技术在法医DNA分型中已经显示出许多优势。本研究利用MPS检测了58个短串联重复序列(STRs)的重复区(RR)和侧翼区(FR)变异，与毛细管电泳(CE)相比，该方法可提高等位基因多样性(34.59%)和基因多样性(3.95%)。在5个str中发现6个新的RR变异，在8个str中发现11个FR变异。法医DNA签名准备试剂盒与CE试剂盒之间的一致性达99.96%(4600个等位基因中有4598个)，不一致是由于DXS7132的生物信息学误解。此外，94个身份信息单核苷酸多态性(iiSNPs)的等位基因频率和法医学参数提供了一个具有较高判别能力(1-3.4825 × 10−35)的参考数据集。在24个目标iiSNPs中共发现29个FR变异。与单独使用单个标记相比，将27个常染色体STRs序列和94个iiSNPs组合在一起的系统有效性增强更大，如联合辨别能力(CPD)和联合排除能力(CPE)分别达到1-7.1358 × 10−65和1-4.4803 × 10−21。利用iiSNPs和附加遗传信息性snp (aiSNPs)进行的种群结构分析表明，中国东北锡伯族是东亚人群之一。在遗传水平上，锡伯族东北部与他们居住的人群(如汉族和其他少数民族)接近。

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引用次数: 0

A study on the measurement of GSR with bloodstains by ICP-MS. ICP-MS测定血迹GSR的研究。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic Sciences Research

Pub Date : 2023-11-29 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad033

Xiang Li, Aoyang Yü, Xinxin Xia, Yü Zhu, Hui Song

In forensic laboratories, analytical investigations of gunshot residues (GSRs) are usually conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. If GSRs are covered with bloodstains, SEM cannot detect them. In this study, an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method is proposed to solve this problem. Results show that bloodstains did not interfere with GSRs and low-level elements are detected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of Sn, Sb, Ba, and Pb elements in GSRs are also carried out. Different pretreatment methods are adopted according to the characteristics of different samples. Our investigations suggest that the proposed method has the advantages of low detection limit and high sensitivity and it can be very important in expert testimony.

Key points: GSRs with bloodstains could be successfully detected via ICP-MS and bloodstains did not interfere in GSRs analysis.The best pretreatment method for incident bullet holes with bloodstains was microwave digestion.The best pretreatment method for the region around the bullet hole and the shooter's hand with bloodstains was ultrasonic vibration.For the same shooting distance, GSRs collected from the cloth and the shooter's hand with type 95-1 rifle were higher than that of type 92 pistol.

在法医实验室中，对枪击残留物（GSRs）的分析调查通常采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散x射线微量分析相结合的方法。如果gsr上布满了血迹，扫描电镜是无法检测到的。本研究提出一种电感耦合等离子体质谱法来解决这一问题。结果表明，血迹对GSRs无干扰，且能检出微量元素。对gsr中Sn、Sb、Ba、Pb等元素进行了定性和定量分析。根据不同样品的特点，采用不同的预处理方法。研究表明，该方法具有检出限低、灵敏度高的优点，在专家鉴定中具有重要意义。重点：ICP-MS能成功检测出带有血迹的GSRs，且血迹对GSRs分析无干扰。微波消解是处理带有血渍的弹孔的最佳预处理方法。对于弹孔周围和枪手手上有血迹的区域，超声振动是最好的预处理方法。在相同射击距离下，95-1式步枪的布面和射击手的gsr均高于92式手枪。

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