Pub Date : 2019-12-14DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.4.371-372
Michael Goldsmith, F. Macdonald
{"title":"Introduction: Religious Rupture and Revival in the Pacific","authors":"Michael Goldsmith, F. Macdonald","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.4.371-372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.4.371-372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"93 1","pages":"371-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74839361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-14DOI: 10.15286/jps.128.4.373-390
J. Sissons
{"title":"The Taranaki iconoclasm","authors":"J. Sissons","doi":"10.15286/jps.128.4.373-390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.4.373-390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"101 1","pages":"373-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80752350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-14DOI: 10.15286/jps.128.4.391-410
F. Macdonald
In the history of Pacific Christianity, the explosion of revival activity within Melanesia during the 1970s remains an untold story. Within this regional spiritual upheaval, ecstatic Pentecostalist phenomena spread with unprecedented rapidity, intensity and geographical scope. As a result of these movements, Christianity assumed an importance in Melanesia in a way it never had before, as local congregations redefined their church life and spirituality over and against mission Christianity. This article documents a major branch of this regional revivalism. A detailed description of this series of interconnected movements transitions to an explanation of their success in terms of four factors: the mutual ramification of the revivals with political independence movements; the fact that despite being built on theologies of world breaking, the revivals dovetailed with traditional Melanesian religious experiences; the existence of interdenominational organisations that expedited the movement of people, practices and ideas across local, regional and national frontiers; and, finally, the personal dimensions of Melanesian revivalism, whereby the genesis, uptake and diffusion of revival movements often depended crucially upon the persuasive capabilities of influential Christian leaders in each society.
{"title":"Melanesia burning: religious revolution in the western Pacific","authors":"F. Macdonald","doi":"10.15286/jps.128.4.391-410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.4.391-410","url":null,"abstract":"In the history of Pacific Christianity, the explosion of revival activity within Melanesia during the 1970s remains an untold story. Within this regional spiritual upheaval, ecstatic Pentecostalist phenomena spread with unprecedented rapidity, intensity and geographical scope. As a result of these movements, Christianity assumed an importance in Melanesia in a way it never had before, as local congregations redefined their church life and spirituality over and against mission Christianity. This article documents a major branch of this regional revivalism. A detailed description of this series of interconnected movements transitions to an explanation of their success in terms of four factors: the mutual ramification of the revivals with political independence movements; the fact that despite being built on theologies of world breaking, the revivals dovetailed with traditional Melanesian religious experiences; the existence of interdenominational organisations that expedited the movement of people, practices and ideas across local, regional and national frontiers; and, finally, the personal dimensions of Melanesian revivalism, whereby the genesis, uptake and diffusion of revival movements often depended crucially upon the persuasive capabilities of influential Christian leaders in each society.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"62 1","pages":"391-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85023072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-14DOI: 10.15286/jps.128.4.457-474
Michael Goldsmith
{"title":"Missionaries and other emissaries of colonialism in Tuvalu","authors":"Michael Goldsmith","doi":"10.15286/jps.128.4.457-474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.4.457-474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"128 1","pages":"457-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77248038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-14DOI: 10.15286/jps.128.4.411-434
D. McDougall
Conversion narratives all around Oceania focus on heroic ancestors who transformed their own societies. These local heroes are often both the missionary and a local chief who welcomed him ashore. Yet, these narratives require anti-heroes as well as heroes, the warriors or priests who resisted the gospel message. This paper focuses on a 2016 celebration of 100 years of Christianity in the Kubokota region of Ranongga Island in the Western Solomon Islands. Kubokota’s conversion story centres on the return of a young local man named Paleo who had left years earlier for the Methodist mission headquarters. Senior men opposed his return, but a chiefly woman named Takavoja welcomed this “lost son” home and supported his work. Over weeks of preparation for the centenary celebration, people of Kubokota struggled to overcome the divisions of ordinary life and embody the spirit of Christian cooperation. They also struggled to remember their own ancestors. The task was most complex for descendants of a man remembered for opposing the missionaries and mocking Christian ritual. I argue that some of the representational struggles of the centenary celebration arose because colonial violence has been forgotten.
{"title":"Rejecting and Remembering ancestors: a Christian centenary in the Solomon Islands","authors":"D. McDougall","doi":"10.15286/jps.128.4.411-434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.4.411-434","url":null,"abstract":"Conversion narratives all around Oceania focus on heroic ancestors who transformed their own societies. These local heroes are often both the missionary and a local chief who welcomed him ashore. Yet, these narratives require anti-heroes as well as heroes, the warriors or priests who resisted the gospel message. This paper focuses on a 2016 celebration of 100 years of Christianity in the Kubokota region of Ranongga Island in the Western Solomon Islands. Kubokota’s conversion story centres on the return of a young local man named Paleo who had left years earlier for the Methodist mission headquarters. Senior men opposed his return, but a chiefly woman named Takavoja welcomed this “lost son” home and supported his work. Over weeks of preparation for the centenary celebration, people of Kubokota struggled to overcome the divisions of ordinary life and embody the spirit of Christian cooperation. They also struggled to remember their own ancestors. The task was most complex for descendants of a man remembered for opposing the missionaries and mocking Christian ritual. I argue that some of the representational struggles of the centenary celebration arose because colonial violence has been forgotten.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"411-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82130270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-14DOI: 10.15286/jps.128.4.435-456
S. Hobbis
Speaking to debates about the management of difference in and between towns and villages as well as secondary conversions and breakaway movements in Melanesia, this article examines the efforts of an Anglican village church to maintain social cohesion through politico-religious unity in Gwou’ulu, a multi-clan village in North Malaita, Solomon Islands, and its urban enclaves in Honiara. It focuses on an Anglican “rescue mission” that Gwou’ulu sends annually to Honiara to remind their urban relatives about the values, interests and priorities of their ancestral Anglican home. An analysis of this “rescue mission” and the controversies that surround it reveals an ongoing struggle between villagers for the politico-religious future of the village within and beyond its immediate geographic boundaries. Gwou’ulu villagers are increasingly questioning the capacity of the Anglican church and its leaders to provide stability in urban–rural insecurities, and, as a result, have begun breaking away from mainstream Anglicanism in a quest for alternative social and moral orders untainted by their religious leaders’ apparent spiritual impurity and even corrupt behaviours. By distancing themselves from Anglicanism as the force that has meant to unify the village since its inception as a Christian refuge in the early twentieth century, Gwou’ulu villagers then not only break away but also apart, exaggerating rural frictions with and alienations from (urban) modernity.
{"title":"Rescuing Honiara, rescuing Gwou’ulu: negotiating frictional village–town relations and politico-religious (dis)unity in Solomon Islands","authors":"S. Hobbis","doi":"10.15286/jps.128.4.435-456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.4.435-456","url":null,"abstract":"Speaking to debates about the management of difference in and between towns and villages as well as secondary conversions and breakaway movements in Melanesia, this article examines the efforts of an Anglican village church to maintain social cohesion through politico-religious unity in Gwou’ulu, a multi-clan village in North Malaita, Solomon Islands, and its urban enclaves in Honiara. It focuses on an Anglican “rescue mission” that Gwou’ulu sends annually to Honiara to remind their urban relatives about the values, interests and priorities of their ancestral Anglican home. An analysis of this “rescue mission” and the controversies that surround it reveals an ongoing struggle between villagers for the politico-religious future of the village within and beyond its immediate geographic boundaries. Gwou’ulu villagers are increasingly questioning the capacity of the Anglican church and its leaders to provide stability in urban–rural insecurities, and, as a result, have begun breaking away from mainstream Anglicanism in a quest for alternative social and moral orders untainted by their religious leaders’ apparent spiritual impurity and even corrupt behaviours. By distancing themselves from Anglicanism as the force that has meant to unify the village since its inception as a Christian refuge in the early twentieth century, Gwou’ulu villagers then not only break away but also apart, exaggerating rural frictions with and alienations from (urban) modernity.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"435-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88886748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.15286/jps.128.3.261-278
J. Sissons
{"title":"Letters to a Māori prophet: living with Atua in mid-Nineteenth-Century Taranaki (New Zealand)","authors":"J. Sissons","doi":"10.15286/jps.128.3.261-278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.3.261-278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86261998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.15286/jps.128.3.337-352
Annette Kühlem, Christian Hartl-Reiter, Neka Atan Hey, Singa Pakarati
In this paper we present two petroglyphs of western sailing ships that were recently discovered on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The far-reaching social ramifications of the arrival of the first Europeans have been discussed in a number of papers, but these newly found images allow for further insight into the effect their arrival had on the Rapanui population. Using structure-from-motion (SfM) macro photogrammetry we created detailed 3D images of the petroglyphs. This helped identify a hitherto unrecognised sense of accuracy and attention to detail employed in the depiction of a European ship by Rapanui artists. Their interest in the construction of European sailing ships, and reproductions thereof, are best understood in the context of the island's isolation and the lost traditions of building ocean-going canoes.
{"title":"Eyes towards the horizon: structure-from-motion photogrammetry enhances understanding of ship petroglyphs from Rapa Nui (Easter Island)","authors":"Annette Kühlem, Christian Hartl-Reiter, Neka Atan Hey, Singa Pakarati","doi":"10.15286/jps.128.3.337-352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.3.337-352","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present two petroglyphs of western sailing ships that were recently discovered on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The far-reaching social ramifications of the arrival of the first Europeans have been discussed in a number of papers, but these newly found images allow for further insight into the effect their arrival had on the Rapanui population. Using structure-from-motion (SfM) macro photogrammetry we created detailed 3D images of the petroglyphs. This helped identify a hitherto unrecognised sense of accuracy and attention to detail employed in the depiction of a European ship by Rapanui artists. Their interest in the construction of European sailing ships, and reproductions thereof, are best understood in the context of the island's isolation and the lost traditions of building ocean-going canoes.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"400 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80193334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Publications received from June to August 2019","authors":"H. MacDonald","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.3.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.3.363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"303 1","pages":"363-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77775400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15286/jps.128.3.279-304
M. D. Laat
: Pre-missionary Rapa Nui (Easter Island) literature has only survived in a small corpus of poorly understood recitations. Their obscurity has been attributed to the disappearance of the old culture as a result of the catastrophic decline of the native population in the second half of the nineteenth century and the considerable change that the Rapanui language has undergone under the influence of other languages. A similar judgement has been passed on one of the most popular songs in the traditional repertoire, a string figure chant that was recorded in the twentieth century by several anthropologists, among them Routledge in 1914 and Métraux in 1934–1935. A complete version of the chant was first published in 1960 by Barthel. However, his uneven translation takes many liberties with the original text and leaves much unexplained. Barthel’s idea that the chant’s main topic is the burial of a man who once held the important ritual position of “birdman” has nevertheless been generally accepted by subsequent researchers. Fortunately, since then the unpublished fieldnotes of both Routledge and Métraux have become available. Despite the fact that they reveal that already in the first half of the twentieth century the chant’s meaning could no longer be explained by the native informants, they shed light on a number of cryptic passages by providing important material for comparison and reconstruction. This has made it possible to propose in this study an alternative interpretation of the text as a lyrical account of the death of a hopu manu , a contender in the annual competition for the sacred bird egg to select the new birdman. If this proves to be correct, the chant would constitute a unique example of early Rapanui poetry, an intriguing artefact of the enigmatic birdman cult and an incentive for further research into texts that have been written off as too archaic and obscure.
{"title":"Life and death of an egg hunter: proposal for a reinterpretation of a Rapa Nui (Easter Island) string figure chant","authors":"M. D. Laat","doi":"10.15286/jps.128.3.279-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.3.279-304","url":null,"abstract":": Pre-missionary Rapa Nui (Easter Island) literature has only survived in a small corpus of poorly understood recitations. Their obscurity has been attributed to the disappearance of the old culture as a result of the catastrophic decline of the native population in the second half of the nineteenth century and the considerable change that the Rapanui language has undergone under the influence of other languages. A similar judgement has been passed on one of the most popular songs in the traditional repertoire, a string figure chant that was recorded in the twentieth century by several anthropologists, among them Routledge in 1914 and Métraux in 1934–1935. A complete version of the chant was first published in 1960 by Barthel. However, his uneven translation takes many liberties with the original text and leaves much unexplained. Barthel’s idea that the chant’s main topic is the burial of a man who once held the important ritual position of “birdman” has nevertheless been generally accepted by subsequent researchers. Fortunately, since then the unpublished fieldnotes of both Routledge and Métraux have become available. Despite the fact that they reveal that already in the first half of the twentieth century the chant’s meaning could no longer be explained by the native informants, they shed light on a number of cryptic passages by providing important material for comparison and reconstruction. This has made it possible to propose in this study an alternative interpretation of the text as a lyrical account of the death of a hopu manu , a contender in the annual competition for the sacred bird egg to select the new birdman. If this proves to be correct, the chant would constitute a unique example of early Rapanui poetry, an intriguing artefact of the enigmatic birdman cult and an incentive for further research into texts that have been written off as too archaic and obscure.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82027622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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