Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15286/jps.128.3.305-336
Brien A. Meilleur
Early western appreciations of the Hawaiian way of life in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries suggested the pre-contact presence of highly structured regional chiefdoms and well-developed political economies founded upon elaborate knowledge of maritime and terrestrial environments. These first brief reports were substantiated and amplified in the mid- and late nineteenth-century published works of Native Hawaiian scholars who described a number of named landscape and seascape elements from which Hawaiians drew most of their subsistence base and material culture. Beginning in the 1950s, ethnologists, archaeologists and other investigators built upon these earlier accounts while studying Polynesian colonisation and occupation of Hawai'i. From the 1960s to the present, this research trajectory expanded into Hawaiian human ecology and political economy, refining former portraits of the subsistence strategies, environmental modifications and ecological knowledge employed by Hawaiians before Euro-American acculturative forces radically changed customary land-use patterns. Using an innovative theoretical framework recently proposed for ethnoecological research by Eugene Hunn and the author as the analytical backdrop, this paper will draw upon these sources, as well as new data from the Hawaiian Native Register of land claims (1846-1862) and unpublished contemporary reports, to evaluate aspects of traditional Hawaiian ecological knowledge as it may have existed to order and permit exploitation of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century marine and terrestrial environments.
{"title":"Hawaiian seascapes and landscapes: reconstructing elements of a Polynesian ecological knowledge system","authors":"Brien A. Meilleur","doi":"10.15286/jps.128.3.305-336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.3.305-336","url":null,"abstract":"Early western appreciations of the Hawaiian way of life in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries suggested the pre-contact presence of highly structured regional chiefdoms and well-developed political economies founded upon elaborate knowledge of maritime and terrestrial environments. These first brief reports were substantiated and amplified in the mid- and late nineteenth-century published works of Native Hawaiian scholars who described a number of named landscape and seascape elements from which Hawaiians drew most of their subsistence base and material culture. Beginning in the 1950s, ethnologists, archaeologists and other investigators built upon these earlier accounts while studying Polynesian colonisation and occupation of Hawai'i. From the 1960s to the present, this research trajectory expanded into Hawaiian human ecology and political economy, refining former portraits of the subsistence strategies, environmental modifications and ecological knowledge employed by Hawaiians before Euro-American acculturative forces radically changed customary land-use patterns. Using an innovative theoretical framework recently proposed for ethnoecological research by Eugene Hunn and the author as the analytical backdrop, this paper will draw upon these sources, as well as new data from the Hawaiian Native Register of land claims (1846-1862) and unpublished contemporary reports, to evaluate aspects of traditional Hawaiian ecological knowledge as it may have existed to order and permit exploitation of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century marine and terrestrial environments.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72476428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.2.191-224
S. Webster
This essay is an ethnohistorical reconstruction of Tuhoe Maori cognatic descent groups ('hapu') in their struggle to maintain control over ancestral lands centred around the community of Ohaua te Rangi deep in the Urewera mountains of New Zealand. The famous social anthropologist Raymond Firth happened to visit this community when it was in the middle of these struggles in 1924, documenting one hapu and its settlement with photos. The wider context of his visit serves as a sequel illustrating the continuing interplay of Maori kinship and power in Te Urewera that was examined earlier in this journal, but in the midst of predatory rather than benevolent colonial policies. The earlier policy of 1894-1912 had established Te Urewera as a large statutory reserve under virtual Tuhoe home rule, but the Crown soon subverted the statute and attempted to obtain the entire reserve. While examination of the earlier era was guided by Eric Wolf's theory of kinship, Marshall Sahlins's quite different theory helps to explain an apparent paradox of tatau pounamu, the Tuhoe ideal of reconciliation between kin groups.
这篇文章是一个民族历史的重建，图霍毛利人的血统群体(“哈普”)在他们的斗争中保持对祖先土地的控制，这些土地集中在新西兰乌雷韦拉山脉深处的ohahua te Rangi社区。著名的社会人类学家雷蒙德·费斯(Raymond Firth)碰巧在1924年的斗争中访问了这个社区，用照片记录了一个哈普和它的定居点。他这次访问的更广泛的背景可以作为本杂志早些时候研究的毛利人亲属关系和权力在特乌雷维拉持续相互作用的续集，但在掠夺性而不是仁慈的殖民政策中。1894-1912年的早期政策建立了Urewera作为一个大的法定保护区，实际上是图霍人的地方自治，但国王很快就推翻了法规并试图获得整个保护区。虽然对早期时代的研究是以埃里克·沃尔夫的亲属关系理论为指导的，但马歇尔·萨林斯的截然不同的理论有助于解释图霍族亲属群体之间和解的理想——tatau pounamu——的一个明显的悖论。
{"title":"Ōhāua te Rangi and reconciliation in Te Urewera, 1913–1983","authors":"S. Webster","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.2.191-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.2.191-224","url":null,"abstract":"This essay is an ethnohistorical reconstruction of Tuhoe Maori cognatic descent groups ('hapu') in their struggle to maintain control over ancestral lands centred around the community of Ohaua te Rangi deep in the Urewera mountains of New Zealand. The famous social anthropologist Raymond Firth happened to visit this community when it was in the middle of these struggles in 1924, documenting one hapu and its settlement with photos. The wider context of his visit serves as a sequel illustrating the continuing interplay of Maori kinship and power in Te Urewera that was examined earlier in this journal, but in the midst of predatory rather than benevolent colonial policies. The earlier policy of 1894-1912 had established Te Urewera as a large statutory reserve under virtual Tuhoe home rule, but the Crown soon subverted the statute and attempted to obtain the entire reserve. While examination of the earlier era was guided by Eric Wolf's theory of kinship, Marshall Sahlins's quite different theory helps to explain an apparent paradox of tatau pounamu, the Tuhoe ideal of reconciliation between kin groups.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90156131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.2.225-243
G. Jackmond, Dionne Fonotī, Matiu Matāvai Tautunu
During recent field survey work in Aleipata on the southeast coast of the Independent State of Samoa several new archaeological features have been discovered by a LiDAR-guided ground survey. The survey confirmed evidence from LiDAR images of a dense habitation zone from the coast to several kilometres inland with an extensive drainage system. We suggest that prior to the nineteenth century, when Samoan political organisation was first described, the extent and interconnectivity of the channels suggest that a larger population, a more intensive organisation of labour and resources for agricultural production, and a more extensive system of political authority existed.
{"title":"Did Sāmoa have intensive agriculture in the past? New findings from LiDAR","authors":"G. Jackmond, Dionne Fonotī, Matiu Matāvai Tautunu","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.2.225-243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.2.225-243","url":null,"abstract":"During recent field survey work in Aleipata on the southeast coast of the Independent State of Samoa several new archaeological features have been discovered by a LiDAR-guided ground survey. The survey confirmed evidence from LiDAR images of a dense habitation zone from the coast to several kilometres inland with an extensive drainage system. We suggest that prior to the nineteenth century, when Samoan political organisation was first described, the extent and interconnectivity of the channels suggest that a larger population, a more intensive organisation of labour and resources for agricultural production, and a more extensive system of political authority existed.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79461584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.2.137-162
Amber Nicholson
Gift exchange within Maori society, underpinned by the notion of hau, is a favoured topic for anthropological research. Hau has become an international phenomenon due to its potential relevance to understanding gift economies in many non-monetary societies worldwide. However, the desire in anthropological and socioeconomic analyses to constantly redefine the concept of hau within the narrow context of gift exchange has led to a separation of hau as the life force from its Maori philosophical base and, moreover, to a separation of Maori from the philosophy of hau. This article attempts to provide an expansive, culturally grounded account of hau by bringing Maori voices to the forefront of this international discussion. The voices of Maori ancestors are privileged and kept alive through the oral literature of respected Maori leaders. Highlighted here is the dynamic interaction of hau with other life forces, and its interwoven philosophy that is nuanced according to a cosmological, spiritual and genealogically based worldview.
{"title":"Hau: giving voices to the ancestors","authors":"Amber Nicholson","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.2.137-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.2.137-162","url":null,"abstract":"Gift exchange within Maori society, underpinned by the notion of hau, is a favoured topic for anthropological research. Hau has become an international phenomenon due to its potential relevance to understanding gift economies in many non-monetary societies worldwide. However, the desire in anthropological and socioeconomic analyses to constantly redefine the concept of hau within the narrow context of gift exchange has led to a separation of hau as the life force from its Maori philosophical base and, moreover, to a separation of Maori from the philosophy of hau. This article attempts to provide an expansive, culturally grounded account of hau by bringing Maori voices to the forefront of this international discussion. The voices of Maori ancestors are privileged and kept alive through the oral literature of respected Maori leaders. Highlighted here is the dynamic interaction of hau with other life forces, and its interwoven philosophy that is nuanced according to a cosmological, spiritual and genealogically based worldview.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74833065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.2.163-189
Sean W. Hixon, R. DiNapoli, C. Lipo, T. Hunt
Sources of drinking water on islands often present critical constraints to human habitation. On Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile), there is remarkably little surface fresh water due to the nature of the island's volcanic geology. While several lakes exist in volcanic craters, most rainwater quickly passes into the subsurface and emerges at coastal springs. Nevertheless, the island sustained a relatively large human population for hundreds of years, one that built an impressive array of monumental platforms (ahu) and statues (moai). To understand how Rapanui acquired their scarce fresh water, we review ethnohistoric data from first European arrival (1722) through the mid-twentieth century. Ethnohistoric accounts identify a diversity of freshwater sources and describe various Rapanui freshwater management strategies. Our findings highlight the importance of coastal freshwater seeps and provide much-needed insight into how Rapanui procured this vital and necessary resource.
{"title":"The ethnohistory of freshwater use on Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile)","authors":"Sean W. Hixon, R. DiNapoli, C. Lipo, T. Hunt","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.2.163-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.2.163-189","url":null,"abstract":"Sources of drinking water on islands often present critical constraints to human habitation. On Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile), there is remarkably little surface fresh water due to the nature of the island's volcanic geology. While several lakes exist in volcanic craters, most rainwater quickly passes into the subsurface and emerges at coastal springs. Nevertheless, the island sustained a relatively large human population for hundreds of years, one that built an impressive array of monumental platforms (ahu) and statues (moai). To understand how Rapanui acquired their scarce fresh water, we review ethnohistoric data from first European arrival (1722) through the mid-twentieth century. Ethnohistoric accounts identify a diversity of freshwater sources and describe various Rapanui freshwater management strategies. Our findings highlight the importance of coastal freshwater seeps and provide much-needed insight into how Rapanui procured this vital and necessary resource.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88132179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.2.253-254
H. MacDonald
{"title":"Publications received from October 2018 to May 2019","authors":"H. MacDonald","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.2.253-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.2.253-254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"60 1","pages":"253-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84399608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-02DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.1.1-130
H. MacDonald
{"title":"Journal of the Polynesian Society, March 2019, 128 (1)","authors":"H. MacDonald","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.1.1-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.1.1-130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84405114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-02DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.1.107-129
A. Salmond
{"title":"Comparing relations: whakapapa and genealogical method","authors":"A. Salmond","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.1.107-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.1.107-129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75611758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-02DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.1.65-86
N. Robertson
{"title":"“Images still live and are very much alive”: whakapapa and the 1923 Dominion Museum Ethnological Expedition","authors":"N. Robertson","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.1.65-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.1.65-86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75306987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-02DOI: 10.15286/JPS.128.1.19-41
A. Ngata, Wayne Ngata
In the late 1920s and early 1930s Apirana Ngata wrote several texts based on his long-standing and extensive research into tribal genealogies or Maori whakapapa which, with the encouragement of Te Rangihiroa, were intended for a doctoral thesis on Maori social organisation. Although the doctorate was never completed, the fascinating fragments exploring the terminology of whakapapa brought together here, which survive in the Ngata family, the Alexander Turnbull Library and the Bishop Museum, stand as remarkable testament to indigenous scholarship in early twentieth-century Aotearoa New Zealand. In this rich and allusive text, Ngata explores the various material ways in which whakapapa is expressed in Maori language (te reo Maori), via meeting houses, weaving, twining and fishing techniques-a distinctively Maori view of kinship illustrating how whakapapa is employed as practical ontology, the subject of this Special Issue. In his Introduction, Wayne Ngata points out the value of this genealogical knowledge today and the ways in which it provides vital insights into traditional Maori ways of thinking and doing.
{"title":"The terminology of Whakapapa","authors":"A. Ngata, Wayne Ngata","doi":"10.15286/JPS.128.1.19-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.128.1.19-41","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1920s and early 1930s Apirana Ngata wrote several texts based on his long-standing and extensive research into tribal genealogies or Maori whakapapa which, with the encouragement of Te Rangihiroa, were intended for a doctoral thesis on Maori social organisation. Although the doctorate was never completed, the fascinating fragments exploring the terminology of whakapapa brought together here, which survive in the Ngata family, the Alexander Turnbull Library and the Bishop Museum, stand as remarkable testament to indigenous scholarship in early twentieth-century Aotearoa New Zealand. In this rich and allusive text, Ngata explores the various material ways in which whakapapa is expressed in Maori language (te reo Maori), via meeting houses, weaving, twining and fishing techniques-a distinctively Maori view of kinship illustrating how whakapapa is employed as practical ontology, the subject of this Special Issue. In his Introduction, Wayne Ngata points out the value of this genealogical knowledge today and the ways in which it provides vital insights into traditional Maori ways of thinking and doing.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84033836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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