Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.15286/JPS.127.2.325-357
Michael P. J. Reilly
A cultural landscape is pregnant with memories of the past that are remembered and retold through oral traditions. These memories include the movements of the ancestors through their natural world: how they orientated themselves within their landscape, the paths they took to travel from one place to another and the many kinds of journeys they embarked upon, such as ritual and mourning processions, expeditions to war, escapes to refuges, trips to access natural resources or jaunts to enjoy entertainments. This paper explores these movements as they are remembered within the cultural landscape of Mangaia in the Cook Islands.
{"title":"Moving through the ancient cultural landscape of Mangaia (Cook Islands)","authors":"Michael P. J. Reilly","doi":"10.15286/JPS.127.2.325-357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.127.2.325-357","url":null,"abstract":"A cultural landscape is pregnant with memories of the past that are remembered and retold through oral traditions. These memories include the movements of the ancestors through their natural world: how they orientated themselves within their landscape, the paths they took to travel from one place to another and the many kinds of journeys they embarked upon, such as ritual and mourning processions, expeditions to war, escapes to refuges, trips to access natural resources or jaunts to enjoy entertainments. This paper explores these movements as they are remembered within the cultural landscape of Mangaia in the Cook Islands.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81360772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.15286/JPS.127.3.275-306
P. Kirch
Polynesian societies have long been noted for encoding their histories in the form of oral narratives. While some narratives are clearly cosmogonic or mythological in nature, others purportedly recount the affairs of real persons, chronologically indexed to chiefly and family genealogies. Late 19th- and early 20th-century scholars such as Abraham Fornander and Te Rangi Hiroa relied upon such oral narratives to write the pre-European histories of various Polynesian societies. In the second half of the 20th century, however, archaeologists and cultural anthropologists alike have tended to dismiss the historical validity of oral narratives. Based on four case studies from Futuna, Tikopia, Niuatoputapu and Hawai'i, I reassess the linkages between oral narratives and the archaeological record, finding that in all cases there is strong evidence to support the view that the traditional narratives relate to real persons and events. Such traditional narratives typically do not extend farther back in time than three to four centuries, but for these later time periods they offer an invaluable resource - an indigenous perspective on island histories that complements and augments the empirical archaeological record.
长期以来，波利尼西亚社会一直以口头叙述的形式编码其历史而闻名。虽然有些叙述在本质上明显是宇宙起源或神话，但其他叙述据称是真实的人的事情，按时间顺序索引主要和家庭谱系。19世纪末和20世纪初的学者，如亚伯拉罕·福南德(Abraham Fornander)和蒂·兰吉·博拉(Te Rangi Hiroa)，依靠这种口头叙述来撰写各种波利尼西亚社会的欧洲前历史。然而，在20世纪下半叶，考古学家和文化人类学家都倾向于摒弃口头叙述的历史有效性。基于富图纳、提科皮亚、牛托普塔普和夏威夷的四个案例研究，我重新评估了口头叙述与考古记录之间的联系，发现在所有情况下，都有强有力的证据支持传统叙述与真实人物和事件有关的观点。这种传统的叙述通常不会超过三到四个世纪，但对于这些后来的时期，它们提供了宝贵的资源——对岛屿历史的土著视角，补充和增加了经验考古记录。
{"title":"Voices on the wind, traces in the earth: Integrating oral narrative and archaeology in Polynesian history","authors":"P. Kirch","doi":"10.15286/JPS.127.3.275-306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.127.3.275-306","url":null,"abstract":"Polynesian societies have long been noted for encoding their histories in the form of oral narratives. While some narratives are clearly cosmogonic or mythological in nature, others purportedly recount the affairs of real persons, chronologically indexed to chiefly and family genealogies. Late 19th- and early 20th-century scholars such as Abraham Fornander and Te Rangi Hiroa relied upon such oral narratives to write the pre-European histories of various Polynesian societies. In the second half of the 20th century, however, archaeologists and cultural anthropologists alike have tended to dismiss the historical validity of oral narratives. Based on four case studies from Futuna, Tikopia, Niuatoputapu and Hawai'i, I reassess the linkages between oral narratives and the archaeological record, finding that in all cases there is strong evidence to support the view that the traditional narratives relate to real persons and events. Such traditional narratives typically do not extend farther back in time than three to four centuries, but for these later time periods they offer an invaluable resource - an indigenous perspective on island histories that complements and augments the empirical archaeological record.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80999123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Publications received from January to May 2018","authors":"Posted by Hamish Macdonald","doi":"10.15286/jps.127.2.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.127.2.265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"481 1","pages":"265-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76374715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.15286/JPS.127.2.137-268
Posted by Hamish Macdonald
{"title":"Journal of the Polynesian Society, June 2018, 127 (2)","authors":"Posted by Hamish Macdonald","doi":"10.15286/JPS.127.2.137-268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.127.2.137-268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"137-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79035228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.15286/JPS.127.2.145-176
R. Moyle
The article examines how Takū position the canoe in their understanding of the past and exploit it to achieve temporary individual prominence within an otherwise egalitarian society. The canoe on Takū exists in two spheres of reference: in the collective memory of two bygone eras preserved largely in fragmented mythology and ancient song lyrics, and as the item of contemporary material culture crucially involved in the economic life of the small community, whose fishing exploits and the skills of its builders and crews fill the lyrics of hundreds of songs in the active repertoire. The dearth of published information on Takū generally and its canoes in particular is offset by the strength of its oral tradition, which recounts and interprets the activities of two canoe types revered but never seen, as well as two more currently in use. As arguably the last location where Polynesian religion is still practiced as the norm, it is also possible to examine the roles of ritual and belief in the canoe’s prominence, in particular the connections between voyagers, builders and ancestor spirits. In unequivocal statements most frequently formalised in song lyrics, creators and users of a canoe can be successful, let alone achieve enduring fame, only if they know and use the appropriate invocations, acknowledging as they do so the social force of precedent. At least in part, the ongoing significance of the canoe, particularly the manner in which it is used, depends on maintenance of such precedent.
{"title":"Oral tradition and the canoe on Takū","authors":"R. Moyle","doi":"10.15286/JPS.127.2.145-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.127.2.145-176","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines how Takū position the canoe in their understanding of the past and exploit it to achieve temporary individual prominence within an otherwise egalitarian society. The canoe on Takū exists in two spheres of reference: in the collective memory of two bygone eras preserved largely in fragmented mythology and ancient song lyrics, and as the item of contemporary material culture crucially involved in the economic life of the small community, whose fishing exploits and the skills of its builders and crews fill the lyrics of hundreds of songs in the active repertoire. The dearth of published information on Takū generally and its canoes in particular is offset by the strength of its oral tradition, which recounts and interprets the activities of two canoe types revered but never seen, as well as two more currently in use. As arguably the last location where Polynesian religion is still practiced as the norm, it is also possible to examine the roles of ritual and belief in the canoe’s prominence, in particular the connections between voyagers, builders and ancestor spirits. In unequivocal statements most frequently formalised in song lyrics, creators and users of a canoe can be successful, let alone achieve enduring fame, only if they know and use the appropriate invocations, acknowledging as they do so the social force of precedent. At least in part, the ongoing significance of the canoe, particularly the manner in which it is used, depends on maintenance of such precedent.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73088587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.15286/JPS.127.2.207-248
J. D. Hammond
{"title":"Performing cultural heritage with tīfaifai, Tahitian “quilts”","authors":"J. D. Hammond","doi":"10.15286/JPS.127.2.207-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.127.2.207-248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"46 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80506099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.15286/JPS.127.2.177-206
Camellia B Webb-Gannon, Michael Webb, G. Solis
In the 19th century Melanesians were pejoratively labelled black by European maritime explorers (mela = black; nesia = islands). Emerging scholarship on the Black Pacific focuses on historical and contemporary identifications and articulations between Oceanian and African diasporic peoples, cultures and politics based upon shared Otherness to colonial occupiers. This essay contributes to such scholarship by presenting a perspective from Melanesia with a focus on music, a popular form of countercolonial expression. It examines in two broad phases person-to-person and person-to-text encounters with Atlantic-based notions of Black Power and négritude. The Pacific War serves as a dividing line and turning point, during and following which such encounters began to intensify. The discussion links these African diasporic intellectual traditions/discourses/epistemologies with that of indigènitude, that is, performed global expressions of Indigenousness, through allusions to Black transnationalism and the ways both movements address the “inferiority confusion” that arose from experiences of colonisation. It demonstrates how in the last 35 years in particular, Melanesians have worked to invert the demeaning intention of their colonial racial construction and, in the process, have helped to create what may now be thought of as the Black Pacific.
{"title":"The “Black Pacific” and decolonisation in Melanesia: Performing négritude and indigènitude","authors":"Camellia B Webb-Gannon, Michael Webb, G. Solis","doi":"10.15286/JPS.127.2.177-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.127.2.177-206","url":null,"abstract":"In the 19th century Melanesians were pejoratively labelled black by European maritime explorers (mela = black; nesia = islands). Emerging scholarship on the Black Pacific focuses on historical and contemporary identifications and articulations between Oceanian and African diasporic peoples, cultures and politics based upon shared Otherness to colonial occupiers. This essay contributes to such scholarship by presenting a perspective from Melanesia with a focus on music, a popular form of countercolonial expression. It examines in two broad phases person-to-person and person-to-text encounters with Atlantic-based notions of Black Power and négritude. The Pacific War serves as a dividing line and turning point, during and following which such encounters began to intensify. The discussion links these African diasporic intellectual traditions/discourses/epistemologies with that of indigènitude, that is, performed global expressions of Indigenousness, through allusions to Black transnationalism and the ways both movements address the “inferiority confusion” that arose from experiences of colonisation. It demonstrates how in the last 35 years in particular, Melanesians have worked to invert the demeaning intention of their colonial racial construction and, in the process, have helped to create what may now be thought of as the Black Pacific.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77006793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The contributions of Jeffrey T. Clark to Samoan archaeology","authors":"Seth Quintus, David J. Herdrich","doi":"10.15286/JPS.127.1.9-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.127.1.9-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"96 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80107608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-31DOI: 10.15286/JPS.127.1.111-136
H. V. Tilburg, David J. Herdrich, M. Howells, Va‘amua Henry Sesepasara, Telei‘ai Christian Ausage, Michael D. Coszalter
The racing of 'fautasi' (30-metre, 45-seater, oared Samoan longboats) remains a central cultural competition that unifies contemporary American Samoa and the two Samoan states more generally. However, the 'fautasi's' emergence and transition into this role has been dismissed as a vestige of colonialism and has been understudied by scholars. This paper examines the origin, development and use of the Samoan 'fautasi' with special reference to the 'taumualua' (double-ended paddling canoes) and 'tulula' (9-to -12-metre, 20-seater, oared boats) that preceded them. We describe these traditional Samoan boats and the popular racing events that have grown around them in the context of hybrid nautical design, Western colonialism and modern commercialisation. Previous descriptions of the development of 'fautasi' in the anthropological literature are, in many cases, oversimplified. Rather than simply replacing the 'taumualua' when Samoan warfare ended, we argue that, pinpointing their origin to 1895, 'fautasi' were developed because of their superior speed, a clear benefit in numerous functions including use as war boats, cargo and passenger vessels and racing craft. Over a period of 127 years all of these functions, except the popular sport of 'fautasi' racing, fell away due to government regulations and the adoption of motorised vessels. Despite these transitions, 'fautasi' retain a strong cultural connection to Samoa's maritime past with the annual 'fautasi' races and represent the single largest cultural event in American Samoa.
{"title":"Row as one! A history of the development and use of the Sāmoan fautasi","authors":"H. V. Tilburg, David J. Herdrich, M. Howells, Va‘amua Henry Sesepasara, Telei‘ai Christian Ausage, Michael D. Coszalter","doi":"10.15286/JPS.127.1.111-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.127.1.111-136","url":null,"abstract":"The racing of 'fautasi' (30-metre, 45-seater, oared Samoan longboats) remains a central cultural competition that unifies contemporary American Samoa and the two Samoan states more generally. However, the 'fautasi's' emergence and transition into this role has been dismissed as a vestige of colonialism and has been understudied by scholars. This paper examines the origin, development and use of the Samoan 'fautasi' with special reference to the 'taumualua' (double-ended paddling canoes) and 'tulula' (9-to -12-metre, 20-seater, oared boats) that preceded them. We describe these traditional Samoan boats and the popular racing events that have grown around them in the context of hybrid nautical design, Western colonialism and modern commercialisation. Previous descriptions of the development of 'fautasi' in the anthropological literature are, in many cases, oversimplified. Rather than simply replacing the 'taumualua' when Samoan warfare ended, we argue that, pinpointing their origin to 1895, 'fautasi' were developed because of their superior speed, a clear benefit in numerous functions including use as war boats, cargo and passenger vessels and racing craft. Over a period of 127 years all of these functions, except the popular sport of 'fautasi' racing, fell away due to government regulations and the adoption of motorised vessels. Despite these transitions, 'fautasi' retain a strong cultural connection to Samoa's maritime past with the annual 'fautasi' races and represent the single largest cultural event in American Samoa.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"111-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88865527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-31DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.3.247-252
H. MacDonald
{"title":"Cover, imprint, contents, News & Notes on Authors","authors":"H. MacDonald","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.3.247-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.3.247-252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78435872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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