Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341591
Kathleen M. Forste
This article combines historical and archaeological evidence to investigate the role arboriculture played in the agricultural economy in the southern Levant as centers of production moved away from rural agricultural estates and focused instead on urban centers. Integrating this evidence with archaeobotanical data from Early Islamic deposits at the archaeological site of Ashkelon, located on the southern Mediterranean coast of modern-day Israel, I conclude that people specialized in arboriculture as a means to supply the needs of both subsistence and craft economies in this city, encapsulating the intensification of agricultural production in this period.
{"title":"Arboriculture and Viticulture as Investment in the Early Islamic Levant: An Archaeobotanical and Historical Investigation of the Site of Ashkelon","authors":"Kathleen M. Forste","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341591","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article combines historical and archaeological evidence to investigate the role arboriculture played in the agricultural economy in the southern Levant as centers of production moved away from rural agricultural estates and focused instead on urban centers. Integrating this evidence with archaeobotanical data from Early Islamic deposits at the archaeological site of Ashkelon, located on the southern Mediterranean coast of modern-day Israel, I conclude that people specialized in arboriculture as a means to supply the needs of both subsistence and craft economies in this city, encapsulating the intensification of agricultural production in this period.","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42853058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341592
Jahnabi Barooah Chanchani
Starting from the fifteenth century, richly illustrated manuscripts written in Perso- Arabic scripts began to proliferate in north-central India. In some manuscripts, paintings appeared as frequently as in every other folio. I investigate the rise to prominence of the visual through a close study of the Ṭūṭīnāma manuscript currently housed at the Cleveland Museum of Art. My argument is that this phenomenon can be explained by the growth of elite urban communities in north-central India. These communities, I argue, invested in the visual medium to learn more about and carefully modulate adab (intertwined aesthetic, ethical, and political codes of the Persianate world).
{"title":"Preaching and Preening: A Ṭūṭī’s Book in Persianate India","authors":"Jahnabi Barooah Chanchani","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341592","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Starting from the fifteenth century, richly illustrated manuscripts written in Perso- Arabic scripts began to proliferate in north-central India. In some manuscripts, paintings appeared as frequently as in every other folio. I investigate the rise to prominence of the visual through a close study of the Ṭūṭīnāma manuscript currently housed at the Cleveland Museum of Art. My argument is that this phenomenon can be explained by the growth of elite urban communities in north-central India. These communities, I argue, invested in the visual medium to learn more about and carefully modulate adab (intertwined aesthetic, ethical, and political codes of the Persianate world).","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45694722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341595
O. Usta, C. Tonghini
This paper presents a documentary and archaeological study of the watermills in Ottoman Mosul to gain a political and social-economic understanding of the water-resource management in Mosul and its north-eastern hinterland in the early modern period. Watermills are of importance to historians, as the simple buildings equipped with sophisticated hydraulic devices, for teasing out various strands of water-resource management and agricultural economies from a regional and longue-dureé perspective. By synthesizing historical and archaeological methodological approaches, this paper aims to address the questions of what historical legacy of Mosul was left to the Ottoman Empire regarding the water infrastructure, including watermills and irrigation systems, and what contribution the Ottoman administration made to the development of Mosul’s water infrastructure. It presents an archaeological examination of a group of milling installations in Wadi Bandawai in the north of Mosul, demonstrating changes in settlement patterns during the long Islamic period, from the 7th to early 20th centuries, and also drawing attention to methodological problems with Islamic and Ottoman archaeology concerning the periodization of material culture.
{"title":"The Watermills of Mosul in the Ottoman Period","authors":"O. Usta, C. Tonghini","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341595","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper presents a documentary and archaeological study of the watermills in Ottoman Mosul to gain a political and social-economic understanding of the water-resource management in Mosul and its north-eastern hinterland in the early modern period. Watermills are of importance to historians, as the simple buildings equipped with sophisticated hydraulic devices, for teasing out various strands of water-resource management and agricultural economies from a regional and longue-dureé perspective. By synthesizing historical and archaeological methodological approaches, this paper aims to address the questions of what historical legacy of Mosul was left to the Ottoman Empire regarding the water infrastructure, including watermills and irrigation systems, and what contribution the Ottoman administration made to the development of Mosul’s water infrastructure. It presents an archaeological examination of a group of milling installations in Wadi Bandawai in the north of Mosul, demonstrating changes in settlement patterns during the long Islamic period, from the 7th to early 20th centuries, and also drawing attention to methodological problems with Islamic and Ottoman archaeology concerning the periodization of material culture.","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47758124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341589
A. Glasserman
This article adapts methods from the study of late imperial Chinese society to understand Hui families’ pursuit of Islamic cultural capital in Qing Guangzhou. It outlines three processes that crystallized by the middle of the nineteenth century: the integration of Guangzhou’s mosques into regional and long-distance commercial networks; the institutionalization of Islamic education at the city’s mosques; and the rationalization of mosque management. Through an analysis of mosque inscriptions and three Hui genealogies, it shows that the local development of Islamic learning and the organization of mosque authority were linked to the wider social field in which Hui families competed for status.
{"title":"Hui Corporate Strategies and Islamic Cultural Capital and in Qing Guangzhou","authors":"A. Glasserman","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341589","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article adapts methods from the study of late imperial Chinese society to understand Hui families’ pursuit of Islamic cultural capital in Qing Guangzhou. It outlines three processes that crystallized by the middle of the nineteenth century: the integration of Guangzhou’s mosques into regional and long-distance commercial networks; the institutionalization of Islamic education at the city’s mosques; and the rationalization of mosque management. Through an analysis of mosque inscriptions and three Hui genealogies, it shows that the local development of Islamic learning and the organization of mosque authority were linked to the wider social field in which Hui families competed for status.","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64602314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341587
Julian Weideman
This article expands the category of “reform” to encompass a key area of urban infrastructure in colonial Tunis—the housing for students at the Zaytūna Mosque-University. Focusing on the French protectorate in Tunisia (1881–1956), I use documents from the Tunisian National Archives to frame housing as an intra-Zaytūna matter from which French officials withdrew during the interwar period. The housing sector saw Zaytūna students mobilize against their own professors, including prominent reformist intellectuals, who used evictions and other disciplinary tactics to manage and police students. This social history clarifies the praxis of reform, a topic usually studied in terms of intellectual history.
{"title":"Praxis of Reform: The Politics of Zaytūna Student Housing in Colonial Tunis","authors":"Julian Weideman","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341587","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article expands the category of “reform” to encompass a key area of urban infrastructure in colonial Tunis—the housing for students at the Zaytūna Mosque-University. Focusing on the French protectorate in Tunisia (1881–1956), I use documents from the Tunisian National Archives to frame housing as an intra-Zaytūna matter from which French officials withdrew during the interwar period. The housing sector saw Zaytūna students mobilize against their own professors, including prominent reformist intellectuals, who used evictions and other disciplinary tactics to manage and police students. This social history clarifies the praxis of reform, a topic usually studied in terms of intellectual history.","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64602278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341584
A. V. Togan, Evrim Binbaş
{"title":"Islamic Culture in the Khanate of Kazan: A Report Sent from Kazan in 1550 during the Reign of the Lawgiver","authors":"A. V. Togan, Evrim Binbaş","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341585
M. Kemper
The present article analyzes the recent fatwa production by two of Russia’s major muftiates, the traditionalist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan (DUMRT) in Kazan and the modernist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation (DUMRF) in Moscow. The author investigates the methodologies that Russia’s muftis follow when elaborating fatwas, and the global links that surface from their source bases. DUMRT’s taqlīd, or imitation, of elements of the Ḥanafī school of Islamic law is contrasted with DUMRF’s program of ijtihād. DUMRF’s claims to ijtihād, wasaṭiyya and minority fiqh are tested by the analysis of controversial fatwas about marriage, conversion, and divorce in Russia. This paper introduces the term “signature fatwa” to denote fatwas that are meant to demonstrate the particular identity of a given muftiate, and that serve as a tool for its political positioning vis-à-vis the Kremlin, other fatwa-producers, and the Muslim communities. The present contribution addresses scholars of Islam in Eastern Europe as well as students of Islamic law in Muslim minority situations, including in the European Union.
{"title":"Ijtihād in Putin’s Russia? Signature Fatwas from Moscow and Kazan","authors":"M. Kemper","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341585","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present article analyzes the recent fatwa production by two of Russia’s major muftiates, the traditionalist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan (DUMRT) in Kazan and the modernist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation (DUMRF) in Moscow. The author investigates the methodologies that Russia’s muftis follow when elaborating fatwas, and the global links that surface from their source bases. DUMRT’s taqlīd, or imitation, of elements of the Ḥanafī school of Islamic law is contrasted with DUMRF’s program of ijtihād. DUMRF’s claims to ijtihād, wasaṭiyya and minority fiqh are tested by the analysis of controversial fatwas about marriage, conversion, and divorce in Russia. This paper introduces the term “signature fatwa” to denote fatwas that are meant to demonstrate the particular identity of a given muftiate, and that serve as a tool for its political positioning vis-à-vis the Kremlin, other fatwa-producers, and the Muslim communities. The present contribution addresses scholars of Islam in Eastern Europe as well as students of Islamic law in Muslim minority situations, including in the European Union.","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45178683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341588
A. Bustanov
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{"title":"Qul Sharīf and the Narratives of Ghazān","authors":"A. Bustanov","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341588","url":null,"abstract":"Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44684993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341586
I. Shahar
The article aims at illustrating the “interpretative viability” of the Ottoman Family Code of 1917—i.e., its susceptibility to changing interpretations—and to discuss some of the interpretative tools that qāḍīs have applied to it over the years. By tracing the changing implementation of Article 130 of this law (nizāʿ wa-shiqāq) by sharīʿa courts in Palestine/Israel over a period of one hundred years (1917–2017), the article shows that the codification of the sharīʿa did not produce a closed, immutable, monolithic legal system, but rather has provided qāḍīs with considerable interpretative freedom—much more than is commonly assumed. Moreover, the hermeneutic tools employed by qāḍīs to interpret the code build on earlier, pre-codification sources of pluralism and interpretative freedom within the sharīʿa. Thus, by highlighting the continuities between pre-codified and post-codified sharīʿa, the article aims at contributing to the debate concerning the transformation of the sharīʿa in modern times.
{"title":"A Law One Hundred Years Young: The Interpretative Viability of the Ottoman Family Law in Palestine/Israel, 1917–2017","authors":"I. Shahar","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341586","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article aims at illustrating the “interpretative viability” of the Ottoman Family Code of 1917—i.e., its susceptibility to changing interpretations—and to discuss some of the interpretative tools that qāḍīs have applied to it over the years. By tracing the changing implementation of Article 130 of this law (nizāʿ wa-shiqāq) by sharīʿa courts in Palestine/Israel over a period of one hundred years (1917–2017), the article shows that the codification of the sharīʿa did not produce a closed, immutable, monolithic legal system, but rather has provided qāḍīs with considerable interpretative freedom—much more than is commonly assumed. Moreover, the hermeneutic tools employed by qāḍīs to interpret the code build on earlier, pre-codification sources of pluralism and interpretative freedom within the sharīʿa. Thus, by highlighting the continuities between pre-codified and post-codified sharīʿa, the article aims at contributing to the debate concerning the transformation of the sharīʿa in modern times.","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44629765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1163/15685209-12341583
J. Van Steenbergen, M. Termonia
This paper engages with the organization of the leadership of the Syro-Egyptian sultanate in the long ninth/fifteenth century, focusing particularly on the case of the court position of ‘the Chief Head of the [sultan’s] Guards’ (raʾs nawbat al-nuwab). It explores narrative source reports to identify the sultanate’s sixty ‘Chief Heads’ and to reconsider what they did in this capacity. Through the analytical categories of the court, social infrastructures and military entrepreneurialism, this paper furthers understandings of how these military leaders were all constitutive participants in the era’s complex processes of resource accumulation, violence-wielding, courtly reconfiguration, and state formation.
本文研究了9 / 15世纪漫长的叙利亚-埃及苏丹国的领导组织，特别关注了“[苏丹]卫队的首席首领”(ra - s nawbat al-nuwab)这一宫廷职位。它探索了叙事来源报告，以确定苏丹国的六十个“首席执行官”，并重新考虑他们在这个职位上所做的事情。通过对法院、社会基础设施和军事创业主义的分析范畴，本文进一步理解了这些军事领导人是如何在这个时代的资源积累、暴力使用、法院重构和国家形成的复杂过程中都是构成性参与者的。
{"title":"Social Infrastructures, Military Entrepreneurship, and the Making of the Sultan’s Court in Fifteenth-Century Cairo","authors":"J. Van Steenbergen, M. Termonia","doi":"10.1163/15685209-12341583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341583","url":null,"abstract":"This paper engages with the organization of the leadership of the Syro-Egyptian sultanate in the long ninth/fifteenth century, focusing particularly on the case of the court position of ‘the Chief Head of the [sultan’s] Guards’ (raʾs nawbat al-nuwab). It explores narrative source reports to identify the sultanate’s sixty ‘Chief Heads’ and to reconsider what they did in this capacity. Through the analytical categories of the court, social infrastructures and military entrepreneurialism, this paper furthers understandings of how these military leaders were all constitutive participants in the era’s complex processes of resource accumulation, violence-wielding, courtly reconfiguration, and state formation.","PeriodicalId":45906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43263091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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