Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1080/2153599x.2023.2234451
Aiyana K. Willard
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
点击放大图片点击缩小图片披露声明作者未发现潜在的利益冲突。
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065352
L. Fitouchi, J-B André, N. Baumard
We applaud the authors ’ impressive e ff ort in compiling the Seshat database, as well as the remark-able Analytic Narratives they produced on supernatural punishment. This project undeniably helps the fi eld advance towards testing historical predictions of cultural evolutionary theories — including by sparking key methodological discussions (Beheim et al., 2021; Slingerland et al., 2020). The target article ’ s fi ndings, should they be con fi rmed (see Purzycki et al., 2022 this issue), bring important new information regarding the role of warfare, pastoralism, and agricultural productivity in pre-dicting the rise moralizing religions.
我们赞赏作者在编译Seshat数据库方面所做的令人印象深刻的努力,以及他们对超自然惩罚的杰出分析叙事。不可否认,该项目有助于该领域朝着检验文化进化理论的历史预测的方向发展——包括引发关键的方法论讨论(Beheim等人,2021;Slingerland et al., 2020)。如果目标文章的发现得到证实(参见Purzycki et al., 2022本刊),就战争、畜牧业和农业生产力在预测道德化宗教兴起中的作用提供了重要的新信息。
{"title":"From supernatural punishment to big gods to puritanical religions: clarifying explanatory targets in the rise of moralizing religions","authors":"L. Fitouchi, J-B André, N. Baumard","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065352","url":null,"abstract":"We applaud the authors ’ impressive e ff ort in compiling the Seshat database, as well as the remark-able Analytic Narratives they produced on supernatural punishment. This project undeniably helps the fi eld advance towards testing historical predictions of cultural evolutionary theories — including by sparking key methodological discussions (Beheim et al., 2021; Slingerland et al., 2020). The target article ’ s fi ndings, should they be con fi rmed (see Purzycki et al., 2022 this issue), bring important new information regarding the role of warfare, pastoralism, and agricultural productivity in pre-dicting the rise moralizing religions.","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80752414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065350
Vojtěch Kaše, T. Glomb
Y. Lior & J. Lane (Eds.), Routledge handbook of evolutionary approaches to religion. Routledge. Turner, J. H., Machalek, R., & Maryanski, A. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook on evolution and society: Toward an evolutionary social science. Paradigm Publishers. Turner, J. H., & Maryanski, A. (2008). On the origin of societies by natural selection. Paradigm Publishers. Turner, J. H., Maryanski, A., Petersen, A. K., & Geertz, A. W. (2018). The emergence and evolution of religion: By means of natural selection. Routledge.
{"title":"Affluence, agricultural productivity, and the rise of moralizing religion in the ancient Mediterranean","authors":"Vojtěch Kaše, T. Glomb","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065350","url":null,"abstract":"Y. Lior & J. Lane (Eds.), Routledge handbook of evolutionary approaches to religion. Routledge. Turner, J. H., Machalek, R., & Maryanski, A. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook on evolution and society: Toward an evolutionary social science. Paradigm Publishers. Turner, J. H., & Maryanski, A. (2008). On the origin of societies by natural selection. Paradigm Publishers. Turner, J. H., Maryanski, A., Petersen, A. K., & Geertz, A. W. (2018). The emergence and evolution of religion: By means of natural selection. Routledge.","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90156094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065348
A. Strathern
Guthrie, W. K. C. (1978). A history of Greek philosophy: Volume 1, The earlier presocratics and the pythagoreans. Cambridge University Press. Norenzayan, A. (2013). Big Gods: How Religion Transformed Cooperation and conflict. Princeton University Press. Schlieter, J. (2014). ‘For they know not what they do‘? religion and ethics as conceptualized in Ara norenzayan’s Big Gods: How religion transformed cooperation and conflict (2013). Religion, Review Symposium, 44(4), 649–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2014.937064 Whitehouse, H. (2004). Modes of religiosity. A cognitive theory of religious transmission. Alta Mira Press. Whitehouse, H., Francois, P., Savage, P. E., Currie, T. E., Feeney, K. C., Cioni, E., Purcell, R., Ross, R. M., Larson, J., Baines, J., & Ter Haar, B. (2019). Retracted ARTICLE: Complex societies precede moralizing gods throughout world history. Nature, 568(7751), 226–229. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1043-4 Whitehouse, H., François, P., Savage, P. E., Hoyer, D., Feeney, K. C., Cioni, E., Purcell, R., Ross, R. M., Larson, J., Baines, J., & ter Haar, B. (2021). Big Gods did not Drive the Rise of Big Societies throughout World History. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/mbnvg.
{"title":"The emergence of MSP vs. the spread of transcendentalist religion","authors":"A. Strathern","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065348","url":null,"abstract":"Guthrie, W. K. C. (1978). A history of Greek philosophy: Volume 1, The earlier presocratics and the pythagoreans. Cambridge University Press. Norenzayan, A. (2013). Big Gods: How Religion Transformed Cooperation and conflict. Princeton University Press. Schlieter, J. (2014). ‘For they know not what they do‘? religion and ethics as conceptualized in Ara norenzayan’s Big Gods: How religion transformed cooperation and conflict (2013). Religion, Review Symposium, 44(4), 649–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2014.937064 Whitehouse, H. (2004). Modes of religiosity. A cognitive theory of religious transmission. Alta Mira Press. Whitehouse, H., Francois, P., Savage, P. E., Currie, T. E., Feeney, K. C., Cioni, E., Purcell, R., Ross, R. M., Larson, J., Baines, J., & Ter Haar, B. (2019). Retracted ARTICLE: Complex societies precede moralizing gods throughout world history. Nature, 568(7751), 226–229. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1043-4 Whitehouse, H., François, P., Savage, P. E., Hoyer, D., Feeney, K. C., Cioni, E., Purcell, R., Ross, R. M., Larson, J., Baines, J., & ter Haar, B. (2021). Big Gods did not Drive the Rise of Big Societies throughout World History. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/mbnvg.","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79324322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065351
A. Geertz
Sikameinan. Evolution and Human Behavior, 42(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.07.008 Slingerland, E. G. (2014). Trying not to try: The art and science of spontaneity (1st ed.). Crown Publishers. Slingerland, E., Monroe, M. W., Sullivan, B., Walsh, R. F., Veidlinger, D., Noseworthy, W., Herriott, C., Raffield, B., Peterson, J. L., Rodríguez, G., Sonik, K., Green, W., Tappenden, F. S., Ashtari, A., Muthukrishna, M., & Spicer, R. (2020). Historians respond to Whitehouse et al. (2019), “Complex Societies Precede Moralizing Gods Throughout World History”. Journal of Cognitive Historiography, 5(1–2), 124–141. https://doi.org/10.1558/jch.39393 Sommerstein, A. H., & Torrance, I. C. (2014). Oaths and swearing in ancient Greece. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10. 1515/9783110227369. Spiegel, J. S. (2020). Cultivating self-control: Foundations and methods in the Christian theological tradition. Journal of Spiritual Formation and Soul Care, 13(2), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/1939790920918881 Tentler, T. N. (2015). Sin and confession on the eve of the reformation. Princeton University Press. Thurman, R. (2002). Tibetan buddhist perspectives on asceticism. In V. L. Wimbush, R. Valantasis, V. L. Wimbush, & R. Valantasis (Eds.), Asceticism (pp. 108–119). Oxford University Press. Tiwald, J. (2020). Song-Ming confucianism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (summer 2020). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/ song-ming-confucianism/. Townsend, C., Aktipis, A., Balliet, D., & Cronk, L. (2020). Generosity among the Ik of Uganda. Evolutionary Human Sciences, 2, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2020.22 Turchin, P. (2016). Ultrasociety: How 10,000 years of war made humans the greatest cooperators on earth. Beresta Books Chaplin, CT. Veyne, P. (2005). Culte, piété et morale dans le paganisme gréco-romain. In P. Veyne (Ed.), L’empire gréco-romain (pp. 419–543). Seuil. Watts, J., Greenhill, S. J., Atkinson, Q. D., Currie, T. E., Bulbulia, J., & Gray, R. D. (2015). Broad supernatural punishment but not moralizing high gods precede the evolution of political complexity in Austronesia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1804), 20142556–20142556. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2556 Yü, Y. (2021). The religious ethic and mercantile spirit in early modern China. Columbia University Press. https://doi. org/10.7312/yu-20042.
{"title":"Data-testing competing hypotheses for beginners: how can we ordinary mortals wade through the mathematics of religion?","authors":"A. Geertz","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065351","url":null,"abstract":"Sikameinan. Evolution and Human Behavior, 42(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.07.008 Slingerland, E. G. (2014). Trying not to try: The art and science of spontaneity (1st ed.). Crown Publishers. Slingerland, E., Monroe, M. W., Sullivan, B., Walsh, R. F., Veidlinger, D., Noseworthy, W., Herriott, C., Raffield, B., Peterson, J. L., Rodríguez, G., Sonik, K., Green, W., Tappenden, F. S., Ashtari, A., Muthukrishna, M., & Spicer, R. (2020). Historians respond to Whitehouse et al. (2019), “Complex Societies Precede Moralizing Gods Throughout World History”. Journal of Cognitive Historiography, 5(1–2), 124–141. https://doi.org/10.1558/jch.39393 Sommerstein, A. H., & Torrance, I. C. (2014). Oaths and swearing in ancient Greece. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10. 1515/9783110227369. Spiegel, J. S. (2020). Cultivating self-control: Foundations and methods in the Christian theological tradition. Journal of Spiritual Formation and Soul Care, 13(2), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/1939790920918881 Tentler, T. N. (2015). Sin and confession on the eve of the reformation. Princeton University Press. Thurman, R. (2002). Tibetan buddhist perspectives on asceticism. In V. L. Wimbush, R. Valantasis, V. L. Wimbush, & R. Valantasis (Eds.), Asceticism (pp. 108–119). Oxford University Press. Tiwald, J. (2020). Song-Ming confucianism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (summer 2020). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/ song-ming-confucianism/. Townsend, C., Aktipis, A., Balliet, D., & Cronk, L. (2020). Generosity among the Ik of Uganda. Evolutionary Human Sciences, 2, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2020.22 Turchin, P. (2016). Ultrasociety: How 10,000 years of war made humans the greatest cooperators on earth. Beresta Books Chaplin, CT. Veyne, P. (2005). Culte, piété et morale dans le paganisme gréco-romain. In P. Veyne (Ed.), L’empire gréco-romain (pp. 419–543). Seuil. Watts, J., Greenhill, S. J., Atkinson, Q. D., Currie, T. E., Bulbulia, J., & Gray, R. D. (2015). Broad supernatural punishment but not moralizing high gods precede the evolution of political complexity in Austronesia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1804), 20142556–20142556. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2556 Yü, Y. (2021). The religious ethic and mercantile spirit in early modern China. Columbia University Press. https://doi. org/10.7312/yu-20042.","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78037695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065347
Jens U. Schlieter, A. Rota
and WAIC. Statistics and Computing, 27(5), 1413–1432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-016-9696-4 Watanabe, S. & Opper, M. (2010). Asymptotic equivalence of Bayes cross validation and widely applicable information criterion in singular learning theory. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 11(12), 3571–3594. https:// www.jmlr.org/papers/volume11/watanabe10a/watanabe10a Watts, J., Greenhill, S. J., Atkinson, Q. D., Currie, T. E., Bulbulia, J., & Gray, R. D. (2015). Broad supernatural punishment but not moralizing high gods precede the evolution of political complexity in austronesia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1804), 20142556. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2556 Watts, J., Jackson, J. C., Arnison, C., Hamerslag, E., Shaver, J. H., & Purzycki, B. G. (2022). Building quantitative cross-cultural databases from ethnographic records: Promises, problems and principles. Cross-Cultural Research, 56(1), 62–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971211065720 Westreich, D., & Greenland, S. (2013). The table 2 fallacy: Presenting and interpreting confounder and modifier CoefficientsTable 2 Fallacy: Presenting and interpreting confounder and modifier coefficients. American Journal of Epidemiology, 177(4), 292–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws412 Whitehouse, H., François, P., Savage, P. E., Currie, T. E., Feeney, K. C., Cioni, E., Purcell, R., Ross, R. M., Larson, J., Baines, J., & Ter Haar, B. (2021). Retraction note: Complex societies precede moralizing gods throughout world history. Nature, 595(7866), 320–320. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03656-3
和WAIC。统计与计算,27(5),1413-1432。https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-016-9696-4 Watanabe, S. & Opper, M.(2010)。贝叶斯交叉验证的渐近等价性和奇异学习理论中广泛应用的信息准则。机器学习研究,11(12),3571-3594。https:// www.jmlr.org/papers/volume11/watanabe10a/watanabe10a Watts, J., Greenhill, S. J., Atkinson, Q. D., Currie, T. E., Bulbulia, J., & Gray, R. D.(2015)。广泛的超自然惩罚,但没有道德的高神在南岛政治复杂性的演变之前。中国生物医学工程学报,32(4),20142556。https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2556 Watts, J., Jackson, J. C., Arnison, C., Hamerslag, E., Shaver, J. H., & Purzycki, B. G.(2022)。从民族志记录中建立定量的跨文化数据库:承诺、问题和原则。文化研究,26(1),62-94。https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971211065720 Westreich, D, & Greenland, S.(2013)。表2谬误:提出并解释混杂因子和修正因子系数。中华流行病学杂志,2009(4),393 - 398。https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws412 Whitehouse, H., franois, P., Savage, P. E., Currie, T. E., Feeney, K. C., Cioni, E., Purcell, R., Ross, R. M., Larson, J., Baines, J., & Ter Haar, B.(2021)。在世界历史上,复杂的社会先于道德的神。自然科学学报,535(6),332 - 332。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03656-3
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065353
Eliza Lawson
(2018). A systematic assessment of “axial age” proposals using global comparative historical evidence. American Sociological Review, 83(3), 596–626. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418772567 Ober, J. (2015). The rise and fall of classical Greece. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/ hardcover/9780691140919/the-rise-and-fall-of-classical-greece Parker, A. J. (1996). Ancient shipwrecks of the Mediterranean & the Roman provinces. Tempus Reparatum. Roberts, C. A., & Cox, M. (2003). Health and disease in Britain: From prehistory to the present day. Sutton. Scheidel, W. (2009). In search of Roman economic growth. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 22, 46–70. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S1047759400020584 Strauss, J. (2013). Shipwrecks Database. Version 1.0. The Oxford Roman Economy Project. http://oxrep.classics.ox.ac. uk/databases/shipwrecks_database/. Turchin, P., Currie, T., Collins, C., Levine, J., Oyebamiji, O., Edwards, N. R., Holden, P. B., Hoyer, D., Feeney, K., François, P., & Whitehouse, H. (2021). An integrative approach to estimating productivity in past societies using Seshat: Global history databank. The Holocene, 31(6), 1055–1065. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0959683621994644 Turchin, P., Hoyer, D., Bennett, J., Basava, K., Cioni, E., Feeney, K., Francois, P., Holder, S., Levine, J., Nugent, S., Reddish, J., Thorpe, C., Wiltshire, S., & Whitehouse, H. (2020). The Equinox2020 Seshat data release. Cliodynamics, 11(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.21237/C7clio11148620
{"title":"Missing level of analysis?","authors":"Eliza Lawson","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2065353","url":null,"abstract":"(2018). A systematic assessment of “axial age” proposals using global comparative historical evidence. American Sociological Review, 83(3), 596–626. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418772567 Ober, J. (2015). The rise and fall of classical Greece. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/ hardcover/9780691140919/the-rise-and-fall-of-classical-greece Parker, A. J. (1996). Ancient shipwrecks of the Mediterranean & the Roman provinces. Tempus Reparatum. Roberts, C. A., & Cox, M. (2003). Health and disease in Britain: From prehistory to the present day. Sutton. Scheidel, W. (2009). In search of Roman economic growth. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 22, 46–70. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S1047759400020584 Strauss, J. (2013). Shipwrecks Database. Version 1.0. The Oxford Roman Economy Project. http://oxrep.classics.ox.ac. uk/databases/shipwrecks_database/. Turchin, P., Currie, T., Collins, C., Levine, J., Oyebamiji, O., Edwards, N. R., Holden, P. B., Hoyer, D., Feeney, K., François, P., & Whitehouse, H. (2021). An integrative approach to estimating productivity in past societies using Seshat: Global history databank. The Holocene, 31(6), 1055–1065. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0959683621994644 Turchin, P., Hoyer, D., Bennett, J., Basava, K., Cioni, E., Feeney, K., Francois, P., Holder, S., Levine, J., Nugent, S., Reddish, J., Thorpe, C., Wiltshire, S., & Whitehouse, H. (2020). The Equinox2020 Seshat data release. Cliodynamics, 11(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.21237/C7clio11148620","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80968200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2023.2197316
P. Turchin, H. Whitehouse, Pieter François, Jennifer Larson, A. Covey
In this special issue of Religion, Brain & Behavior, the Seshat team presents the analysis results from more than a decade of database construction focused on establishing the role of moralizing religion in the evolution of socio-political complexity. The special issue contains two research articles reporting the results of extensive statistical analysis of data supported by 210 pages of detailed Analytical Narratives and 219 pages of tables explaining the Seshat team’s coding decisions based on these narratives. Chronologically the first paper in the sequence, “Testing the Big Gods hypothesis with global historical data: a review and ‘retake’” (Whitehouse et al., 2023), is a revised and improved version of a Letter originally published in Nature showing that moralizing gods did not drive the evolution of socio-political complexity as proposed by the Big Gods hypothesis (Whitehouse et al., 2019). The paper was retracted due to errors in the coding and analysis of missing data, even though the errors were correctable and did not significantly change the paper’s headline findings (Whitehouse et al., 2021). The creation of a ‘Retake’ format at Religion, Brain & Behavior (Bulbulia et al., 2021) provided a suitable platform for the corrected analysis to be published and, further, to undertake a major reanalysis using additional data based on improved methods of data management and statistical analysis. Overall, this Retake provides further support for the original Nature paper, confirming that the largest increases in sociopolitical complexity did indeed precede the earliest documented appearance of Big Gods in world history and showing that Big Gods did not contribute to the evolution of sociopolitical complexity as predicted by the Big Gods hypothesis. The Retake is followed by a Target Article (Turchin et al., 2023), showing that the intensity of warfare and agriculture were major drivers in the evolution of both socio-political complexity and moralizing religion. The correlation between social complexity and moralizing religion, thus, resulted from shared evolutionary drivers, rather than from direct causal relationships between these two variables. These conclusions resulted from a major advance on the methods of the Nature paper and Retake, most notably by going beyond the typical binary measures previously used to capture the presence or absence of moralizing religion and replacing these with a series of graduated measures of ‘moralizing supernatural punishment’ enabling researchers to quantify the variables of interest. This approach also allowed the Seshat team to estimate the contributions of a series of other variables, in addition to socio-political complexity, in driving the evolution of moralizing religion. The other variables included warfare, animal husbandry, and agricultural productivity. The Target Article is then followed by a series of commentaries addressing issues of theory, data, and analysis. The main theoretical question at s
在这期《宗教、大脑与行为》的特刊中,Seshat团队展示了十多年来数据库建设的分析结果,重点是建立宗教道德化在社会政治复杂性演变中的作用。这期特刊包含两篇研究文章,报告了210页详细的分析叙述和219页解释Seshat团队基于这些叙述的编码决策的表格所支持的数据的广泛统计分析结果。按时间顺序,该序列中的第一篇论文“用全球历史数据测试大神假说:回顾和“重新夺回””(Whitehouse等人,2023年)是对最初发表在《自然》杂志上的一封信的修订和改进版本,该信件表明,道德化的神并没有像大神假说所提出的那样推动社会政治复杂性的演变(Whitehouse等人,2019年)。由于编码和缺失数据分析中的错误,论文被撤回,尽管这些错误是可以纠正的,并且没有显著改变论文的标题发现(Whitehouse et al., 2021)。在《宗教、大脑与行为》(Bulbulia等人,2021年)中创建的“重做”格式为发表更正后的分析提供了一个合适的平台,此外,还可以根据改进的数据管理和统计分析方法,使用额外的数据进行重大的重新分析。总的来说,这篇论文进一步支持了《自然》杂志的原始论文,证实了社会政治复杂性的最大增长确实早于世界历史上最早有记载的大神的出现,并表明大神并没有像大神假说所预测的那样促进社会政治复杂性的进化。Retake之后是一篇目标文章(Turchin et al., 2023),表明战争和农业的强度是社会政治复杂性和道德宗教演变的主要驱动因素。因此,社会复杂性与宗教道德化之间的相关性源于共同的进化驱动因素,而不是这两个变量之间的直接因果关系。这些结论来自于《自然》论文和Retake方法的重大进步,最值得注意的是,超越了以前用于捕捉道德化宗教存在与否的典型二元衡量标准,代之以一系列“道德化超自然惩罚”的逐步衡量标准,使研究人员能够量化感兴趣的变量。这种方法也使Seshat团队能够估计一系列其他变量的贡献,除了社会政治复杂性,在推动道德宗教的演变中。其他变量包括战争、畜牧业和农业生产力。目标文章之后是一系列关于理论、数据和分析问题的评论。在随后的讨论中,主要的理论问题是,更详细的宗教道德化措施是否会产生不同的论点。这种以文章加评论的形式进行的辩论,使许多具有经验和统计重要性的问题得以突出和讨论,使分歧点得以尖锐,并探索解决办法。综上所述,本期特刊的研究结果表明,宗教道德化并没有推动社会政治复杂性的进化,也不存在反向因果循环(复杂性)
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2022.2050796
Peter Moseley, Adam J. Powell
Luhrmann ’ s ambitious How God Becomes Real , something of a sister volume to her previous When God Talks Back , goes beyond the latter to encompass a fascinating array of research, spanning anthropological ethnographic work, psychological research into individual di ff erences, and socio-logical insights into the role of culture in religious experience. Drawing on studies conducted in the USA, UK, India, and Ghana, Luhrmann ’ s characteristically impeccable prose sketches out a convincing model of why some people report vivid and often intense religious or spiritual sensory experiences, and others — despite equally strong beliefs and e ff ort — do not. Along the way, she pre-sents important concepts and correctives, such as the implied insistence that religious belief is not a yes/no question but a nuanced, messy, and situational negotiation with life. Likewise, the “ in-between ” is helpfully introduced as an experiential third space where most encounters with “ invisible others ” take place — not the inner life of the individual but not their Umwelt either. The book covers themes such as the fl exible ontology held by many regarding gods and spirits ( “ faith frames ” ) (Chapter 1), “ private-but-shared ” imagined worlds ( “ paracosms ” ) (Chapter 2), and prayer and its links with metacognition (Chapter 6). Crucially, the model Luhrmann proposes depends upon both cultural beliefs regarding the boundary between mind and the outer world (referred to as “ porosity ” ), and the individual tendency to become absorbed in what one imagines or perceives (the construct of “ absorption ” ). Indeed, without saying so explicitly, the carefully selected content of the book ably captures how individual religiosity — that is, religious experiences and practices and the subjective meaning attached to them — is both deeply personal and ineludibly socio-cultural.
鲁尔曼雄心勃勃的《上帝是如何变得真实的》(How God Becomes Real)是她之前的《当上帝回应》(When God Talks Back)的姊妹书,它超越了后者,包含了一系列引人入胜的研究,涵盖了人类学民族志工作、对个体差异的心理学研究,以及对文化在宗教体验中的作用的社会逻辑见解。根据在美国、英国、印度和加纳进行的研究,鲁尔曼以其无可置疑的特点勾勒出了一个令人信服的模型,解释了为什么有些人会报告生动的、经常是强烈的宗教或精神感官体验,而另一些人——尽管同样坚定的信仰和努力——却没有。在这一过程中,她提出了一些重要的概念和纠正,比如暗含的坚持,即宗教信仰不是一个是/否的问题,而是一种微妙的、混乱的、与生活的情境谈判。同样,“中间”作为体验性的第三空间被引入,在这里发生了大多数与“看不见的其他人”的相遇——不是个人的内心生活,也不是他们的Umwelt。本书涵盖的主题包括许多人关于神和灵魂的灵活本体论(“信仰框架”)(第1章),“私人但共享的”想象世界(“悖论”)(第2章),以及祈祷及其与元认知的联系(第6章)。至关重要的是,Luhrmann提出的模型依赖于关于心灵和外部世界之间边界的文化信仰(称为“孔隙度”),个人倾向于被自己的想象或感知所吸引(“吸收”的结构)。事实上,虽然没有明确说明,但这本书精心挑选的内容巧妙地抓住了个人的宗教信仰——即宗教经验和实践以及与之相关的主观意义——是如何深刻地个人化和不可避免地社会文化化的。
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2022.2050790
Ann Taves
1097/NMD.0b013e318165c7c1 Perona-Garcelán, S., García-Montes, J. M., Rodríguez-Testal, J. F., Ruiz-Veguilla, M., Benítez-Hernández, M. del M., López-Jiménez, A. M., et al. (2013). Relationship of absorption, depersonalisation, and self-focused attention in subjects with and without hallucination proneness. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 18(5), 422–436. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13546805.2012.728133 Peters, E., Ward, T., Jackson, M., Morgan, C., Charalambides, M., McGuire, P., et al. (2016). Clinical, socio-demographic and psychological characteristics in individuals with persistent psychotic experiences with and without a “need for care”. World Psychiatry, 15(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20301 Powell, A. J., & Moseley, P. (2021). When spirits speak: Absorption, attribution, and identity among spiritualists who report “clairaudient” voice experiences. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13674676.2020.1793310 Powers, A. R., Kelley, M. S., & Corlett, P. R. (2017). Varieties of voice-hearing: Psychics and the psychosis continuum. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(1), 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw133 Rosen, C., Jones, N., Chase, K. A., Melbourne, J. K., Grossman, L. S., & Sharma, R. P. (2017). Immersion in altered experience: An investigation of the relationship between absorption and psychopathology. Consciousness and Cognition, 49, 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.01.015 Smailes, D., Alderson-Day, B., Hazell, C., Wright, A., & Moseley, P. (2021). Measurement practices in hallucinations research. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 27(2-3), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2021.1999224 Sommer, I. E. C., Daalman, K., Rietkerk, T., Diederen, K. M., Bakker, S., Wijkstra, J., & Boks, M. P. M. (2010). Healthy individuals With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations; Who are they? Psychiatric assessments of a selected Sample of 103 subjects. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36(3), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn130 Swyer, A., & Powers, A. R. (2020). Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: Phenomenology to therapeutic implications. NPJ Schizophrenia, 6(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-020-0106-8 Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (‘absorption’), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036681
1097 / NMD。0b013e318165c7c1 Perona-Garcelán, S., García-Montes, J. M., Rodríguez-Testal, J. F., Ruiz-Veguilla, M., Benítez-Hernández, M. del M., López-Jiménez, A. M.等。(2013)。有或无幻觉倾向受试者的吸收、人格解体和自我集中注意力的关系。中华精神病学杂志,18(5),422-436。https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13546805.2012.728133 Peters, E., Ward, T., Jackson, M., Morgan, C., Charalambides, M., McGuire, P.等(2016)。有或没有“需要护理”的持续性精神病经历个体的临床、社会人口学和心理特征。世界精神病学杂志,15(1),41-52。https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20301鲍威尔,A. J,和莫斯利,P.(2021)。当灵魂说话:吸收,归因,以及报告“灵听”声音体验的通灵者的身份。心理健康,宗教与文化,1-16。https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13674676.2020.1793310 Powers, a.r., Kelley, m.s., & Corlett, p.r.(2017)。各种声音听觉:通灵和精神病连续体。精神分裂症杂志,43(1),84-98。https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw133 Rosen, C., Jones, N., Chase, K. A., Melbourne, J. K., Grossman, L. S., & Sharma, R. P.(2017)。沉浸在改变的经验中:对吸收与精神病理关系的研究。《意识与认知》,49,215-226。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.01.015 Smailes, D, Alderson-Day, B, Hazell, C, Wright, A, & Moseley, P.(2021)。幻觉研究中的测量实践。认知神经精神病学,27(2-3),183-198。https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2021.1999224 Sommer, i.e.c., Daalman, K., Rietkerk, T., Diederen, k.m ., Bakker, S., Wijkstra, J., and Boks, m.p.m .(2010)。有听觉言语幻觉的健康个体他们是谁?对103个选定样本的精神病学评估。精神分裂症杂志,36(3),633-641。https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn130 Swyer, A., & Powers, A. R.(2020)。幻听的自主控制:现象学与治疗意义。精神分裂症,6(1),1 - 9。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-020-0106-8 Tellegen, A.和Atkinson, G.(1974)。对吸收和自我改变经验的开放性(“吸收”),一种与催眠易感性相关的特征。心理医学杂志,2009(3),344 - 344。https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036681
{"title":"The role of experience in making Gods and spirits real","authors":"Ann Taves","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2022.2050790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2050790","url":null,"abstract":"1097/NMD.0b013e318165c7c1 Perona-Garcelán, S., García-Montes, J. M., Rodríguez-Testal, J. F., Ruiz-Veguilla, M., Benítez-Hernández, M. del M., López-Jiménez, A. M., et al. (2013). Relationship of absorption, depersonalisation, and self-focused attention in subjects with and without hallucination proneness. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 18(5), 422–436. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13546805.2012.728133 Peters, E., Ward, T., Jackson, M., Morgan, C., Charalambides, M., McGuire, P., et al. (2016). Clinical, socio-demographic and psychological characteristics in individuals with persistent psychotic experiences with and without a “need for care”. World Psychiatry, 15(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20301 Powell, A. J., & Moseley, P. (2021). When spirits speak: Absorption, attribution, and identity among spiritualists who report “clairaudient” voice experiences. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13674676.2020.1793310 Powers, A. R., Kelley, M. S., & Corlett, P. R. (2017). Varieties of voice-hearing: Psychics and the psychosis continuum. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(1), 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw133 Rosen, C., Jones, N., Chase, K. A., Melbourne, J. K., Grossman, L. S., & Sharma, R. P. (2017). Immersion in altered experience: An investigation of the relationship between absorption and psychopathology. Consciousness and Cognition, 49, 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.01.015 Smailes, D., Alderson-Day, B., Hazell, C., Wright, A., & Moseley, P. (2021). Measurement practices in hallucinations research. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 27(2-3), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2021.1999224 Sommer, I. E. C., Daalman, K., Rietkerk, T., Diederen, K. M., Bakker, S., Wijkstra, J., & Boks, M. P. M. (2010). Healthy individuals With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations; Who are they? Psychiatric assessments of a selected Sample of 103 subjects. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36(3), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn130 Swyer, A., & Powers, A. R. (2020). Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: Phenomenology to therapeutic implications. NPJ Schizophrenia, 6(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-020-0106-8 Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (‘absorption’), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036681","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81315655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}