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Knowledge and sociality: on the Institute of Education (London) as a second home 知识与社会性:把伦敦教育学院作为第二故乡
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.16
M. Apple
I have had a close and long-standing relationship with the IOE (Institute of Education), UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society (University College London, UK). In order to understand why and how for many years the IOE became my ‘second home’, I infuse this article with a combination of critical academic and political points and a detailed sense of personal history. In the process, I trace out the development of a number of my arguments about the relationship between knowledge, power and education. I connect this to the role of the IOE in this development, both as an institution and with regard to people with whom I had close contacts over the years. Among the people I particularly focus on is Geoff Whitty, who was a key figure in all of this.
我与伦敦大学学院教育与社会学院IOE(英国伦敦大学学院)有着密切而长期的关系。为了理解IOE为什么以及如何在许多年里成为我的“第二个家”,我在这篇文章中融入了批判性的学术和政治观点,以及对个人历史的详细了解。在这个过程中,我追溯了我关于知识、权力和教育之间关系的一些论点的发展。我将此与IOE在这一发展中的作用联系起来,无论是作为一个机构,还是作为多年来与我有密切接触的人。我特别关注的人中有杰夫·惠蒂,他是这一切的关键人物。
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引用次数: 1
Karl Mannheim and Jean Floud: a false start for the sociology of education in Britain? 卡尔·曼海姆和让·弗劳德:英国教育社会学的错误开端?
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.15
M. Hammersley
Arriving in the UK after exile from Nazi Germany, Karl Mannheim taught sociology at the London School of Economics and then also at the London Institute of Education, where he was awarded a chair just a year before his untimely death in 1947. In his later writings and teaching, Mannheim argued that the sociology of education could make a crucial contribution to the new type of society he regarded as essential if the problems of liberal democracy were to be overcome, and the slide towards totalitarianism avoided. And the period immediately after his death was a key phase in the development and establishment of the sociology of education in Britain. Jean Floud, who took over teaching the subject at the Institute of Education after Mannheim’s death, played a central role in this, but, while she had studied with him and served as his research assistant, she adopted a very different approach. This focused, in particular, on whether the existing structure and operation of educational institutions restricted social mobility. As a result of this change in focus, Mannheim’s work had a very marginal role in the subsequent history of British sociology of education. In this article, I compare Mannheim’s and Floud’s competing conceptions of the character and role of the subdiscipline, and how these fared in later developments within the field.
卡尔·曼海姆(Karl Mannheim)从纳粹德国流亡到英国后,先后在伦敦经济学院(London School of Economics)和伦敦教育学院(London Institute of Education)教授社会学,并在1947年英年早逝的前一年被授予教授职位。在他后来的著作和教学中,曼海姆认为,如果要克服自由民主的问题,避免滑向极权主义,教育社会学可以对他认为必不可少的新型社会做出关键贡献。他去世后的一段时期是英国教育社会学发展和建立的关键时期。在曼海姆去世后,让·弗洛德(Jean Floud)在教育学院(Institute of Education)接管了这门学科的教学,她在这方面发挥了核心作用,但是,虽然她曾与曼海姆一起学习,并担任他的研究助理,但她采用了一种截然不同的方法。这尤其集中于教育机构的现有结构和运作是否限制了社会流动。由于这一关注点的变化,曼海姆的著作在随后的英国教育社会学历史中扮演了一个非常边缘的角色。在这篇文章中,我比较了Mannheim和Floud关于子学科的特征和作用的相互竞争的概念,以及这些概念在该领域后来的发展中是如何发展的。
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引用次数: 2
Jagdish Gundara: broadening the field of intercultural studies at the Institute of Education (London) 贾格迪什·冈达拉(Jagdish Gundara):在伦敦教育学院拓宽跨文化研究领域
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.17
Namrata Sharma
This article discusses three (among many) contributions made by Jagdish S. Gundara (1938–2016) to the IOE (Institute of Education), UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society (University College London, UK). First, in his capacity as a professor and UNESCO Chair, and as the director of the International Centre for Intercultural Education since its inception in 1979, Gundara was instrumental in making the IOE a national and global space for discussions related to topics such as multiculturalism and diversity in education. Second, Gundara’s own research and scholarly work made the IOE an attractive place for colleagues and students interested in broadening the field of intercultural studies. Finally, the article considers Gundara’s third contribution to the IOE: those who knew him closely would agree that his friendly disposition has enhanced the culture of the institution as a vibrant community of local-global scholars. This article reflects on such aspects of Gundara’s work and legacy. In doing so it attempts to provide a glimpse into his personal and professional journeys, and the three phases of his intercultural experiences – his childhood in Nairobi, Kenya, as the son of immigrants from India; his studies at universities across North America and the UK; and, finally, his career as an educator at the IOE in London.
本文讨论了Jagdish S. Gundara(1938-2016)对伦敦大学学院教育与社会学院(英国伦敦大学学院)IOE(教育研究所)的三个(众多)贡献。首先,冈达拉以教授和教科文组织主席的身份,以及自1979年国际跨文化教育中心成立以来担任该中心主任的身份,推动国际文化中心成为讨论多元文化主义和教育多样性等主题的国家和全球空间。其次,Gundara本人的研究和学术工作使IOE成为有兴趣拓宽跨文化研究领域的同事和学生的一个有吸引力的地方。最后,本文考虑了Gundara对IOE的第三个贡献:那些熟悉他的人都会同意,他的友好性格增强了IOE的文化,使其成为一个充满活力的地方-全球学者社区。这篇文章反映了冈达拉的工作和遗产的这些方面。在此过程中,本书试图让读者一瞥他的个人和职业旅程,以及他跨文化经历的三个阶段——作为印度移民的儿子,他在肯尼亚内罗毕度过了童年;他在北美和英国的大学学习;最后,他的职业生涯是在伦敦的IOE担任教育家。
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引用次数: 2
Considering the role of social media: #BlackLivesMatter as a pedagogical intervention to decolonise curriculum 考虑社交媒体的作用:#BlackLivesMatter作为课程非殖民化的教学干预
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.14
Thashika Pillay, Claire S Ahn, Kenneth Gyamerah, Shu-Ying Liu
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a drastic transformation to schooling for students throughout the world. During this period, a number of issues arose in our local, national and global communities, including the death of George Floyd and subsequent protests and rallies organised by #BlackLivesMatter. Living through and witnessing many social issues, coupled with the new and enduring pandemic, furthered our understandings of how young people were engaging with these topics without the structures of schools to support them. This article presents the results of a case study where youth aged 15–17 years shared their experiences and understandings about many social justice issues they were observing. The most significant learning around these issues for youth occurred informally through social media as opposed to in the classroom, reinforcing that schools are not ethical spaces from which to challenge institutional, structural and systemic barriers to justice. As such, this article discusses the potential for formal education to be transformed into an ethical and decolonising space to learn about and challenge injustice.
2019冠状病毒病大流行导致世界各地学生的学校教育发生了巨大变化。在此期间,我们的地方、国家和全球社区出现了一些问题,包括乔治·弗洛伊德(George Floyd)的死亡以及随后由#黑人的生命也很重要#组织的抗议和集会。经历和目睹了许多社会问题,再加上新的和持久的大流行病,我们进一步了解了年轻人在没有学校结构支持的情况下如何参与这些主题。本文介绍了一个案例研究的结果,15-17岁的青少年分享了他们对许多社会正义问题的经验和理解。针对这些问题,青年最重要的学习是通过社交媒体进行的,而不是在课堂上,这进一步表明,学校不是挑战妨碍司法的体制、结构和系统性障碍的道德空间。因此,本文讨论了正规教育转变为道德和非殖民化空间的潜力,以了解和挑战不公正。
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引用次数: 1
Decolonisation of curriculum: the case of language education policy in Nepal 课程非殖民化:尼泊尔语言教育政策案例
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.13
Prem Prasad Poudel, L. Jackson, Tae-Hee Choi
While decolonisation is usually discussed in relation to countries that were formally colonised, countries that have not been formally colonised have also faced challenges related to colonialism. In this case, it is worth considering whether decolonial theory has more widespread applicability to respond to global challenges faced in the postcolonial era. This article documents the historical trajectories of colonisation and decolonisation of the school curriculum in Nepal. Although Nepal was never formally colonised, the introduction of modern schooling in Nepal was informed by the British colonisation of India, where local languages were replaced by English in the curriculum, diminishing the value of local languages and knowledges. Against this backdrop, the Nepal government issued a series of policies supporting Nepali supremacy, but the expansion of English was not significantly challenged. Rather, the policies resulted in a double colonisation of ethnic/Indigenous languages: external colonisation by English, and internal colonisation by the Nepali language. However, significant decolonisation efforts have recently made space for minoritised languages in the curriculum. This article illustrates these colonisation and decolonisation waves, shaped by the government, local communities and other actors. Drawing on Nepal’s legislative and educational policies, the article relates language policy decisions and actions as decolonial efforts to support ethnic/Indigenous languages and explores the implications for understanding tensions around decolonisation of curriculum.
虽然非殖民化通常与被正式殖民的国家有关,但尚未被正式殖民地的国家也面临着与殖民主义有关的挑战。在这种情况下,值得考虑的是,非殖民化理论是否具有更广泛的适用性,以应对后殖民时代面临的全球挑战。本文记录了尼泊尔学校课程殖民化和非殖民化的历史轨迹。尽管尼泊尔从未被正式殖民,但英国对印度的殖民使尼泊尔引入了现代学校教育,在印度,当地语言在课程中被英语取代,降低了当地语言和知识的价值。在此背景下,尼泊尔政府出台了一系列支持尼泊尔至上主义的政策,但英语的扩展并没有受到重大挑战。相反,这些政策导致了民族/土著语言的双重殖民:英语的外部殖民和尼泊尔语的内部殖民。然而,重要的非殖民化努力最近为课程中的少数民族语言腾出了空间。这篇文章展示了这些由政府、当地社区和其他行为者塑造的殖民和非殖民浪潮。本文借鉴尼泊尔的立法和教育政策,将语言政策决定和行动视为支持少数民族/土著语言的非殖民化努力,并探讨了理解课程非殖民化紧张局势的意义。
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引用次数: 5
Decolonising curriculum in education: continuing proclamations and provocations 教育课程非殖民化:持续的宣言和挑衅
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.12
R. Race, P. Ayling, Dorrie Chetty, N. Hassan, S. McKinney, Lauren Boath, Nighet Riaz, S. Salehjee
There is no denying the importance and increased significance of interest in decolonisation in education and the wider social sciences. This article aims to bring a continuing contribution to an evolving and important discussion. The methodology of this work allows a range of academics from different cultural contexts to voice their decolonising proclamations. The authors of the article are a combination of White, Black, Asian and mixed-race academic researchers in higher education who have come together to proclaim their viewpoints. They draw upon their research and apply professional practice in relation to differing aspects of generally decolonising education and specifically decolonising curricula. As a group, we believe that the notion of decolonising applies to all sections of education – not only to primary schools, but also to nurseries, secondary schools, colleges and universities. We hope this article will encourage more research, advocacy and action within education and interdisciplinary contexts into the complexity of decolonising the curriculum.
不可否认,在教育和更广泛的社会科学领域,非殖民化的重要性和日益增加的重要性。本文旨在为不断发展的重要讨论做出持续的贡献。这项工作的方法允许来自不同文化背景的一系列学者发表他们的非殖民化宣言。这篇文章的作者是高等教育中白人、黑人、亚裔和混血学术研究人员的结合体,他们聚集在一起发表自己的观点。他们利用自己的研究,并将专业实践应用于一般非殖民化教育的不同方面,特别是非殖民化课程。作为一个群体,我们认为非殖民化的概念适用于教育的所有部门——不仅适用于小学,也适用于幼儿园、中学、学院和大学。我们希望这篇文章将鼓励在教育和跨学科背景下对课程非殖民化的复杂性进行更多的研究、倡导和行动。
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引用次数: 1
The rebirth of the call for antiracism in schools: learning from the past 学校反种族主义呼声的重生:从过去吸取教训
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.11
Y. Asare
A prominent feature of the Black Lives Matter protests following the murder of George Floyd has been the renewed call for schools to become antiracist. What can be learnt from past unsuccessful attempts to implement antiracist education? Specific critiques of the antiracist movement made by prominent academics such as Paul Gilroy are worth revisiting. Research also suggests that sections of White working-class students were alienated by antiracist strategies that were often clumsy and exclusive in their implementation. In relation to state initiatives, there has been a shift from antiracist or multicultural agendas to the forefronting of the teaching of British values in schools. It is within this context, with the catalyst of popular outrage at racial injustice, that calls for antiracist education are again being vocalised. This article suggests that a renewed form of antiracism might focus on integrating a pedagogy of educating for social justice, setting out to avoid the polarisation of racialised categories. Rather than espousing a limited and essentialising discourse of race, a reexamination of class relations could usefully be positioned within a reformulated and reimagined antiracism that offers a critique of systemic injustice to include a wider constituency than race alone.
乔治·弗洛伊德(George Floyd)被谋杀后,“黑人的命也是命”(Black Lives Matter)抗议活动的一个突出特点是再次呼吁学校变得反种族主义。从过去实施反种族主义教育的失败尝试中可以学到什么?保罗·吉尔罗伊(Paul Gilroy)等著名学者对反种族主义运动的具体批评值得我们重新审视。研究还表明,部分白人工人阶级学生被反种族主义策略所疏远,这些策略在实施时往往笨拙而排外。在国家倡议方面,已经从反种族主义或多元文化议程转向在学校中教授英国价值观的前沿。正是在这种背景下,在对种族不公正的普遍愤怒的催化下,反种族主义教育的呼声再次被大声疾呼。这篇文章表明,一种新的反种族主义形式可能会把重点放在整合社会正义教育的教学法上,着手避免种族化类别的两极分化。而不是支持一个有限的和本质化的种族话语,阶级关系的重新审视可以有效地定位在一个重新制定和重新想象的反种族主义中,它提供了对系统性不公正的批评,包括更广泛的选区,而不仅仅是种族。
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引用次数: 1
An overview of Indigenous peoples in Chile and their struggle to revitalise their native languages: the case of Mapudungun 智利土著人民及其振兴本国语言的斗争概览:以马普东贡为例
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.10
Paulina Moya-Santiagos, Javiera Quiroga-Curín
Languages are not just sets of words. They are powerful tools essential to carry history, traditions, culture and wisdom. In Latin America, Mapudungun, the native language of Mapuche people – the largest ethnic group in Chile – can be threatened. A substantial linguistic shift has characterised the panorama of native languages of the current territory. However, language and education policies have been insufficient for their preservation. This article analyses Mapudungun from a general historical perspective to define Indigenous communities’ experience in the country: insufficient state support for revitalising their languages and decolonising the Chilean national curriculum. An overview of Mapudungun in the last century is provided by explaining relevant linguistic and educational policies. The PEIB (Intercultural Bilingual Education Programme), a linguistic and educational policy in Chile, is considered in depth. It aims to improve the quality and relevance of learning from curricular contextualisation. It also seeks to teach Indigenous children their culture, traditions and languages. However, the lack of support for traditional educators and the decontextualised curriculum have further impoverished their background and increased the gap between native peoples’ languages and Chilean society. The article ends with a call to policymakers to recognise the importance of the construction of Chilean identities.
语言不仅仅是一组单词。它们是承载历史、传统、文化和智慧的强大工具。在拉丁美洲,智利最大的民族马普切人的母语马普敦贡语可能受到威胁。一个实质性的语言转变已经成为当前领土母语全景的特征。然而,语言和教育政策不足以保护它们。本文从一般历史角度分析了马普敦贡,以定义土著社区在该国的经历:国家对振兴其语言和智利国家课程非殖民化的支持不足。通过解释相关的语言和教育政策,对上个世纪的马普敦贡进行了概述。智利的语言和教育政策PEIB(跨文化双语教育方案)得到了深入考虑。它旨在通过课程情境化来提高学习的质量和相关性。它还设法向土著儿童传授他们的文化、传统和语言。然而,缺乏对传统教育工作者的支持和课程的非文本化,使他们的背景更加贫困,并加剧了原住民语言与智利社会之间的差距。文章最后呼吁政策制定者认识到构建智利身份的重要性。
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引用次数: 3
Book review: Retreat or Resolution? Tackling the crisis of mass higher education, by Peter Scott 书评:退缩还是决心?《应对大众高等教育危机》,彼得·斯科特著
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-27 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.09
P. Temple
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Educating for Peace and Human Rights: An introduction, by Maria Hantzopoulos and Monisha Bajaj 书评:《教育促进和平与人权:导论》,作者:Maria Hantzopoulos和Monisha Bajaj
IF 1.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.14324/lre.20.1.08
Hugh Starkey
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引用次数: 1
期刊
London Review of Education
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