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Divorce trends in China across time and space: an update 跨越时空的中国离婚趋势:最新进展
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1858571
Mengni Chen, E. Rizzi, P. Yip
ABSTRACT Despite much attention paid to the surging divorce rate in China, knowledge on divorce patterns and trends at the subnational level is still very limited. This study aims to systematically explore social and economic factors affecting divorce trends between 1990 and 2015 at the provincial level from a tempo–spatial perspective. Traditional fixed effects panel regression and fixed effects spatial autoregression are adopted. Divorce maps demonstrated great variations in the levels and trends of divorce across provinces, highlighting the spatial diversities obscured in the national divorce trend. It is further revealed that factors such as economic development, urbanisation, and employment have augmented their influence over time. Factors that reflect gender equality issues such as the gender gap in education, employment, and sex ratio at birth have different effects across the East, Central and West regions in China. These findings provide insights into the future prospects of divorce in China.
尽管人们对中国不断飙升的离婚率关注甚多,但对地方离婚模式和趋势的了解仍然非常有限。本研究旨在从时空角度系统探讨1990 - 2015年省级离婚趋势的社会经济影响因素。采用传统的固定效应面板回归和固定效应空间自回归。离婚地图显示了各省离婚水平和趋势的巨大差异,突出了在全国离婚趋势中被掩盖的空间多样性。研究进一步揭示,经济发展、城市化和就业等因素的影响随着时间的推移而增强。反映性别平等问题的因素,如教育、就业和出生性别比方面的性别差距,在中国东部、中部和西部地区有不同的影响。这些发现为中国离婚的未来前景提供了见解。
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引用次数: 18
Does ‘Love’ make a difference? Marriage choice and post-marriage decision-making power in India “爱”有影响吗?印度的婚姻选择和婚后决策权
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1852713
Manjistha Banerji, A. Deshpande
ABSTRACT Women's limited intra-household decision-making power has several dimensions: geographic, cultural, economic, and demographic. The dimension we focus on in this paper relates to women's transition into marriage. Marriages in India are near universal and age at marriage is low implying that nearly all women spend a large part of their lives in a marriage. However, little is known about the bearing events transpiring at the beginning of a woman's marriage have on the path of her decision-making power in the household over her life course. Drawing on the life course theoretical framework, we argue that household authority follows a trajectory, which begins at least with her transition to marriage. Our analysis using panel data of 20,927 mothers from IHDS indicate three marriage types- self-choice marriages (5 per cent), parent-arranged with no choice on the part of young women (39 per cent) and parent-arranged - with some choice (56 per cent). Women who started married life in self-choice marriages later end up with the most decision-making power. But a complex pattern of power relationships emerges among wives, husbands, and in-laws. ‘Some-choice' marriages empower husbands and not the parents-in-law while ‘no-choice’ marriages typically benefit the parents-in-law and not the husbands or the wives.
女性有限的家庭内部决策权有几个维度:地理、文化、经济和人口。我们在本文中关注的维度与女性进入婚姻的过渡有关。印度的婚姻几乎是普遍的,结婚年龄很低,这意味着几乎所有女性都在婚姻中度过了一生的大部分时间。然而,人们对妇女婚姻之初发生的事件对其一生中在家庭中的决策权的影响知之甚少。根据生命历程理论框架,我们认为家庭权威遵循一个轨迹,至少从她向婚姻的过渡开始。我们对来自IHDS的20,927名母亲的面板数据进行了分析,发现三种婚姻类型——自我选择婚姻(5%),年轻女性没有选择的父母包办婚姻(39%)和父母包办婚姻——有一些选择(56%)。以自我选择婚姻开始婚姻生活的女性,最终拥有最大的决策权。但是,在妻子、丈夫和姻亲之间出现了一种复杂的权力关系模式。“有些选择”的婚姻赋予了丈夫权力,而不是公婆,而“没有选择”的婚姻通常使公婆受益,而不是丈夫或妻子。
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引用次数: 7
Coping with population ageing in mainland China 应对中国大陆的人口老龄化问题
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1834197
Xizhe Peng
ABSTRACT In reviewing the major factors driving the ageing process in mainland China, this commentary argues that population ageing itself is neither good nor bad. Instead, the main obstacles to dealing with the challenges of aging in China are not only ‘being old before being rich' but also ‘being not ready to get old.' The commentary discusses how China's shrinking labour force coupled with an ageing population may be partially offset by improvement in labour quality, development of new technology and upgrading economic structures. It examines the importance of family and social support systems in coping with the challenges of ageing, particularly in the field of long term care. It concludes that while there is a wealth of international experience that China can draw from, solution should also be solidly based on the country’s own development reality.
摘要本文回顾了推动中国大陆老龄化进程的主要因素,认为人口老龄化本身既不好也不好。相反,中国应对老龄化挑战的主要障碍不仅在于“未富先老”,还在于“没有做好变老的准备”。这篇评论讨论了中国劳动力萎缩和人口老龄化如何通过提高劳动力素质、发展新技术和升级经济结构来部分抵消。它审查了家庭和社会支持系统在应对老龄化挑战方面的重要性,特别是在长期护理领域。报告的结论是,虽然中国可以借鉴丰富的国际经验,但解决方案也应牢固地基于中国自身的发展现实。
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引用次数: 17
Operation ‘Bring Them Home’: learning from the large-scale repatriation of overseas Filipino workers in times of crisis “把他们带回家”行动:从危机时期大规模遣返菲律宾海外工人中吸取教训
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1811511
Karen Anne S. Liao
ABSTRACT In crisis events such as wars, natural disasters and epidemics, migrant workers are among the hardest hit and most vulnerable to displacement, unemployment and the loss of income. The coronavirus pandemic has drawn attention to the role of sending states in protecting labour migrants during disruptions, particularly by returning them to countries of origin. This article highlights the understudied aspect of repatriation, which needs to be unpacked as a process involving actors, policies and practices that shape a sending state's capacity for migrant protection. Through data and document analysis, the article examines the Philippines' experience of repatriating Filipino migrant workers from host countries during crises, focusing on three points. First, institutional and legislative policies configure repatriation in the Philippines' migration system as a process of facilitated return and assistance. Second, past crisis events show how the government's large-scale repatriation efforts adapted to specific situations, but also faced challenges with operational and resource capacities. Third, repatriation in the COVID-19 crisis suggests that a critical post-arrival phase of assistance remains underdeveloped. The discussion reveals the uneven approach of the sending state, which has built a comprehensive system of labour export, but a less coordinated repatriation system and an less fortified reintegration policy.
摘要在战争、自然灾害和流行病等危机事件中,农民工是受影响最严重、最容易流离失所、失业和收入损失的群体之一。新冠病毒大流行引起了人们对派遣国在干扰期间保护劳工移民的作用的关注,特别是通过将他们送回原籍国。这篇文章强调了遣返问题研究不足的方面,需要将其分解为一个涉及行动者、政策和做法的过程,以塑造派遣国的移民保护能力。通过数据和文件分析,本文考察了菲律宾在危机期间从东道国遣返菲律宾移民工人的经验,重点关注三点。首先,体制和立法政策将菲律宾移民系统中的遣返视为一个方便返回和援助的过程。其次,过去的危机事件表明,政府的大规模遣返工作如何适应具体情况,但也面临着行动和资源能力方面的挑战。第三,新冠肺炎危机中的遣返表明,援助的关键抵达后阶段仍然不发达。讨论揭示了派遣国的不均衡做法,该国建立了一个全面的劳动力出口系统,但遣返系统的协调性较差,重返社会政策的强化程度较低。
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引用次数: 24
Social demography and pandemics 社会人口学与流行病
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1811512
P. Dommaraju
All the three components of demographic change – births, deaths and migration – are deeply affected by pandemics. While deaths are the most obvious, pandemics leave an imprint, over the short and l...
人口变化的所有三个组成部分——出生、死亡和移民——都深受流行病的影响。虽然死亡是最明显的,但流行病在短期和短期内都会留下印记。。。
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引用次数: 5
Geospatial analysis of female fertility in Oman: do immigrant female domestic workers make a difference? 阿曼女性生育能力的地理空间分析:移民女性家政工人有影响吗?
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1800224
Shawky Mansour, T. Al-Awadhi, Noura Al Nasiri
ABSTRACT Despite the progress achieved in transformational development in socioeconomic domains, in Oman, like other Gulf Cooperation Council states, fertility rates are higher compared with those in other Middle East nations. Reproductive behaviour often varies geographically; consequently, analysing and modelling this phenomenon should be conducted at subnational and finer levels to capture spatial heterogeneity patterns. In this research, data from the last Omani census are used and local indicators of spatial associations (LISA) as well as spatial econometric models have been employed to examine the effects of sociocultural factors, particularly foreign female domestic workers, on local fertility variations. Remarkable spatial differences were observed in the effects of structural covariates on fertility rates. Several spatial clusters indicate a correlation between higher fertility rates and higher values of other explanatory sociocultural variables. Furthermore, the subnational variations of fertility rates are significantly explained by geographical and sociocultural factors, such a surban-rural settlement, education, female employment in governmental sectors, unemployed women, and the proportion of foreign female domestic workers. The findings also reveal that the rural and Bedouin communities, particularly in the internal governorates, not only displayed higher fertility rates, but also had more unemployed women.
尽管在社会经济领域的转型发展取得了进展,但在阿曼,像其他海湾合作委员会国家一样,生育率高于其他中东国家。生殖行为往往因地而异;因此,应在国家以下和更精细的各级对这一现象进行分析和建模,以捕捉空间异质性格局。在这项研究中,使用了上次阿曼人口普查的数据,并采用了当地的空间关联指数以及空间计量模型来检查社会文化因素,特别是外籍女性家庭佣工对当地生育率变化的影响。结构协变量对生育率的影响存在显著的空间差异。一些空间集群表明,高生育率与其他解释性社会文化变量的高值之间存在相关性。此外,地方生育率的变化在很大程度上可以用地理和社会文化因素来解释,例如城乡定居、教育、政府部门的女性就业、失业妇女和外籍女性家政工人的比例。调查结果还显示,农村和贝都因社区,特别是内陆省份,不仅生育率较高,而且失业妇女也较多。
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引用次数: 0
Factors associated with regional variation in disability-free life expectancy based on functional difficulty among older persons in the Philippines 菲律宾老年人基于功能困难的无残疾预期寿命区域差异的相关因素
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-23 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1795997
J. Abalos, H. Booth
ABSTRACT This study describes regional differences in the prevalence of functional difficulty among older persons in the Philippines. Using this measure, the study examines regional variation in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and investigates the factors associated with this variation. Data are drawn from the 2010 Philippine Census of Population and Housing and the 2010 Philippine regional life tables. Disability-free status is defined as having no functional difficulties and is based on the binary composite of six individual functional difficulties, with no difficulties being contrasted with any difficulty. The Sullivan Method is employed to calculate DFLE and a series of bivariate meta-regression models are used to identify the socioeconomic factors associated with regional variation in DFLE. Results show substantial regional disparity in functional difficulty and DFLE among older men and older women. The population-level socioeconomic indicators associated with regional DFLE include the prevalence of poverty, GDP per capita, urbanisation, doctor to population ratio and level of education among younger adults. Associated indicators based on the older population are level of education among men and women, the labour force participation rate among men and the proportion currently married among women.
摘要本研究描述了菲律宾老年人功能障碍患病率的地区差异。利用这一指标,该研究考察了无残疾预期寿命(DFLE)的区域差异,并调查了与这种差异相关的因素。数据来源于2010年菲律宾人口和住房普查以及2010年菲律宾地区生活表。无残疾状态被定义为没有功能性困难,基于六个个体功能性困难的二元组合,无困难与任何困难形成对比。采用Sullivan方法计算DFLE,并使用一系列双变量元回归模型来识别与DFLE区域变化相关的社会经济因素。结果显示,老年男性和老年女性在功能困难和DFLE方面存在显著的地区差异。与地区DFLE相关的人口水平社会经济指标包括贫困率、人均GDP、城市化、医生与人口的比例以及年轻人的教育水平。基于老年人口的相关指标是男性和女性的教育水平、男性的劳动力参与率以及女性中目前已婚的比例。
{"title":"Factors associated with regional variation in disability-free life expectancy based on functional difficulty among older persons in the Philippines","authors":"J. Abalos, H. Booth","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2020.1795997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2020.1795997","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study describes regional differences in the prevalence of functional difficulty among older persons in the Philippines. Using this measure, the study examines regional variation in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and investigates the factors associated with this variation. Data are drawn from the 2010 Philippine Census of Population and Housing and the 2010 Philippine regional life tables. Disability-free status is defined as having no functional difficulties and is based on the binary composite of six individual functional difficulties, with no difficulties being contrasted with any difficulty. The Sullivan Method is employed to calculate DFLE and a series of bivariate meta-regression models are used to identify the socioeconomic factors associated with regional variation in DFLE. Results show substantial regional disparity in functional difficulty and DFLE among older men and older women. The population-level socioeconomic indicators associated with regional DFLE include the prevalence of poverty, GDP per capita, urbanisation, doctor to population ratio and level of education among younger adults. Associated indicators based on the older population are level of education among men and women, the labour force participation rate among men and the proportion currently married among women.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2020.1795997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42597429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The effect of delaying school start time on adolescents’ time use and health: evidence from a policy change in South Korea 推迟开学时间对青少年时间使用和健康的影响:来自韩国政策变化的证据
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-23 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1794312
Dongkyu Yang, Jaesung Choi
ABSTRACT This paper examines how delaying school start time to 9 o’clock affected the time use and health of secondary-school students in South Korea. To identify the causal effects of delaying school start time, we used a difference-in-differences methodology with two nationally representative datasets to take advantage of a unique natural experiment in South Korea. We found that the policy led students to sleep 16.1 min more on weekdays and 7.6 min less a day over the weekend, increasing sleep satisfaction among the affected students. Furthermore, the policy contributed to increased growth and improved mental health. However, the effects of the policy were not uniform across subgroups. In terms of time use, students from the highest socioeconomic group increased their sleep duration most. In contrast, students from the middle and lowest socioeconomic categories increased their use of electronic devices and decreased their study time compared to students from the highest socioeconomic group. We provide evidence that these behavioural differences by socioeconomic group could be related to the degree of parental monitoring and available economic resources.
摘要:本研究旨在探讨韩国中学生将上学时间推迟至9点对时间利用和健康的影响。为了确定延迟上学时间的因果影响,我们利用韩国独特的自然实验,对两个具有全国代表性的数据集使用了差异中的差异方法。我们发现,该政策使学生在工作日每天多睡16.1分钟,周末每天少睡7.6分钟,提高了受影响学生的睡眠满意度。此外,该政策促进了经济增长和改善了心理健康。然而,该政策的效果在各个亚组之间并不一致。在时间使用方面,来自社会经济地位最高群体的学生增加睡眠时间最多。相比之下,与社会经济地位最高的学生相比,社会经济地位中、最低的学生增加了电子设备的使用,减少了学习时间。我们提供的证据表明,社会经济群体的这些行为差异可能与父母监控的程度和可用的经济资源有关。
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引用次数: 0
Spouses’ division of household labour in urban areas of Iran 伊朗城市地区配偶的家庭劳动分工
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-23 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1763018
F. Torabi
ABSTRACT In developing countries, women are 3.5 times more likely than men to participate in unpaid work. As a traditionally patriarchal society, strict gender roles existed in Iran but there is no empirical evidence to show whether profound socio-economic and demographic changes in the society have altered these deep-rooted stratified gender roles. This paper uses data from the 2014–2015 Time Use Survey, conducted in the urban areas of Iran, to describe the spouses’ division of household labour and determine the correlates of this division. The correlates are selected based on the relative resources and time availability approaches. The results suggest that wives are five times more likely than husbands to participate in the household labour, which is wider than the average gender gap observed in developing countries. The findings provide partial support for the relative resources and time availability approaches, with wives’ experience being more consistent with these approaches. The existing profound gender gap in the division of household labour and its correlates suggests that in urban areas of Iran gender roles are defined beyond socio-economic and demographic attributes, at least on the individual level.
在发展中国家,女性从事无偿工作的可能性是男性的3.5倍。作为一个传统的父权社会,伊朗存在着严格的性别角色,但没有经验证据表明社会中深刻的社会经济和人口变化是否改变了这些根深蒂固的分层性别角色。本文使用在伊朗城市地区进行的2014-2015年时间使用调查的数据来描述配偶的家务劳动分工,并确定这种分工的相关性。根据相对资源和时间可用性方法选择相关对象。结果表明,妻子参与家务劳动的可能性是丈夫的五倍,这比在发展中国家观察到的平均性别差距更大。研究结果为相对资源和时间可用性方法提供了部分支持,妻子的经验更符合这些方法。在家庭劳动分工及其相关方面存在的深刻的性别差距表明,在伊朗城市地区,性别角色的界定超出了社会经济和人口特征,至少在个人一级是如此。
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引用次数: 6
Older persons in Thailand: an update from a recent national survey 泰国的老年人:最近一项全国调查的最新情况
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-23 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1794311
B. Teerawichitchainan
Thailand is one of the most aged countries in Southeast Asia. In 2020, older persons (defined as aged 60 and over) have outnumbered children under age 15 for the first time in Thai history. There a...
泰国是东南亚老龄化程度最高的国家之一。2020年,老年人(定义为60岁及以上)的人数在泰国历史上首次超过15岁以下的儿童。有一个。。。
{"title":"Older persons in Thailand: an update from a recent national survey","authors":"B. Teerawichitchainan","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2020.1794311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2020.1794311","url":null,"abstract":"Thailand is one of the most aged countries in Southeast Asia. In 2020, older persons (defined as aged 60 and over) have outnumbered children under age 15 for the first time in Thai history. There a...","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2020.1794311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46865371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
期刊
Asian Population Studies
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