The total excitation energy as a function of fragment mass (TXE/A) are calculated for neutron induced fission of 235 U and photofission of 238 U by using the statistical model. With comparing the calculated results and the experimental data, the statistical model is modified. In new modified model, TXE are calculated by adding the neutron binding energy to the deformation energy. The calculated results using modified statistical model are in good agreement with the experimental data. Then, the total excitation energy as a function of fragment mass (TXE/A) are evaluated for photofission of Uranium isotopes.
{"title":"The calculation of total fragment excitation energy for photofission of Uranium isotopes","authors":"M. Jamiati, P. Mehdipour Kaldiani","doi":"10.3906/fiz-1912-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-1912-11","url":null,"abstract":"The total excitation energy as a function of fragment mass (TXE/A) are calculated for neutron induced fission of 235 U and photofission of 238 U by using the statistical model. With comparing the calculated results and the experimental data, the statistical model is modified. In new modified model, TXE are calculated by adding the neutron binding energy to the deformation energy. The calculated results using modified statistical model are in good agreement with the experimental data. Then, the total excitation energy as a function of fragment mass (TXE/A) are evaluated for photofission of Uranium isotopes.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":"364-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49405778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: It is expected the fact that the current following across metal-semiconductor (MS) rectifying contact named as Schottky barrier diode (SBDs) and effect of sample temperature on their electrical properties obey thermionic emission (TE) current model. But, it has been seen that the abnormal behaviors in the measured electrical characteristics cannot be exactly understood by the classical TE transport theory. In the literature, the observed abnormal behaviors have been successfully explained by a Gaussian distribution function and by the pinch-off model being interaction of the neighbor patches suggested by Tung and coworkers, the named discrete regions model as “patches” with low barrier placed in a higher uniform barrier area.
{"title":"Oncurrent-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics of metal-semiconductor contacts","authors":"A. Turut","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2007-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2007-11","url":null,"abstract":": It is expected the fact that the current following across metal-semiconductor (MS) rectifying contact named as Schottky barrier diode (SBDs) and effect of sample temperature on their electrical properties obey thermionic emission (TE) current model. But, it has been seen that the abnormal behaviors in the measured electrical characteristics cannot be exactly understood by the classical TE transport theory. In the literature, the observed abnormal behaviors have been successfully explained by a Gaussian distribution function and by the pinch-off model being interaction of the neighbor patches suggested by Tung and coworkers, the named discrete regions model as “patches” with low barrier placed in a higher uniform barrier area.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44733552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we first use the optical metrics of black-bounce traversable wormholes to calculate the Gaussiancurvature. Then we use the Gauss–Bonnet theorem to obtain the weak deflection angle of light from the black-bouncetraversable wormholes. We investigate the effect of dark matter medium on weak deflection angle using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. We show how weak deflection angle of wormhole is affected by the bounce parametera. Using theGauss–Bonnet theorem for calculating weak deflection angle shows us that light bending can be thought as a global andtopological effect.
{"title":"Weak deflection angle of black-bounce traversable wormholes usingGauss–Bonnet theorem in the dark matter medium","authors":"A. Övgün","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2008-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2008-11","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we first use the optical metrics of black-bounce traversable wormholes to calculate the Gaussiancurvature. Then we use the Gauss–Bonnet theorem to obtain the weak deflection angle of light from the black-bouncetraversable wormholes. We investigate the effect of dark matter medium on weak deflection angle using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. We show how weak deflection angle of wormhole is affected by the bounce parametera. Using theGauss–Bonnet theorem for calculating weak deflection angle shows us that light bending can be thought as a global andtopological effect.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49393998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this report the decoherence sources for entangled photons created by spontaneous parametric down conversion phenomenon is studied. The phase and spatial distinguishability of photon pairs from orthogonal crystals reduce the maximum achievable entanglement fidelity. Carefully chosen compensation crystals are used to erase the phase and spatial traces of down conversion origins. Emission angle of photon pairs also leads to optical path difference and resulting in phase distinguishability. A realistic scenario is numerically modelled, where the photon pairs with nonzero emission angle gather a phase difference. These pairs can still be collected and manipulated for practical use but the collection optics adds upon the phase difference. Two commercially available optics for collection; aspheric and achromatic lenses are compared. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental results to validate the built model for predicting the maximum achievable entanglement fidelity. The results indicate that the fidelity can be accurately estimated with the presented model by inserting the experimental parameters to it. The study is expected to be very useful for preparation and optimization of entangled photon pair sources in critical phase-matching configuration.
{"title":"Optimization of collection optics for maximum fidelity in entangled photon sources","authors":"K. Durak","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2007-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2007-15","url":null,"abstract":"In this report the decoherence sources for entangled photons created by spontaneous parametric down conversion phenomenon is studied. The phase and spatial distinguishability of photon pairs from orthogonal crystals reduce the maximum achievable entanglement fidelity. Carefully chosen compensation crystals are used to erase the phase and spatial traces of down conversion origins. Emission angle of photon pairs also leads to optical path difference and resulting in phase distinguishability. A realistic scenario is numerically modelled, where the photon pairs with nonzero emission angle gather a phase difference. These pairs can still be collected and manipulated for practical use but the collection optics adds upon the phase difference. Two commercially available optics for collection; aspheric and achromatic lenses are compared. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental results to validate the built model for predicting the maximum achievable entanglement fidelity. The results indicate that the fidelity can be accurately estimated with the presented model by inserting the experimental parameters to it. The study is expected to be very useful for preparation and optimization of entangled photon pair sources in critical phase-matching configuration.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46158186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pseudoscalar current-delta transition form factors are calculated in the framework of relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory including order O(q) . The complex-mass scheme, which is suitable and well-defined for unstable particles, is taken into account as a renormalization scheme. We discuss the low energy behavior of the pseudoscalar g̃(Q) and h̃(Q) form factors and note that the momentum dependence of the form factors is dominated by the pion pole contributions.
{"title":"Pseudoscalar form factors of the∆(1232)in Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory","authors":"Y. Ünal","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2002-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2002-22","url":null,"abstract":"The pseudoscalar current-delta transition form factors are calculated in the framework of relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory including order O(q) . The complex-mass scheme, which is suitable and well-defined for unstable particles, is taken into account as a renormalization scheme. We discuss the low energy behavior of the pseudoscalar g̃(Q) and h̃(Q) form factors and note that the momentum dependence of the form factors is dominated by the pion pole contributions.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":"280-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49470055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of some nuclear structure properties of213Bi,201Tl,188Re,186Re,133Xe,131I,125I,123I,111In,94Tc,90Y,67Ga,67Cu,62Cu,61Cu,55Co, and48Vnuclei used in SPECT in axial deformation","authors":"O. Artun","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2001-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2001-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":"256-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3906/fiz-2001-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49183299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field-free quantum-spin-1/2 XXZ model is studied in three-dimensions using renormalization group theory. We obtain global phase diagrams and critical properties. We identify zero-temperature quantum phase transitions at isotropic points, as well as long-range order below critical temperatures at all anisotropies. We show that the excitation spectrum is gapless in XY-like, and gapped in Ising-like anisotropy regimes. Besides, internal energy density, specific heat, nearest-neighbor entanglement measures and spin-spin correlations are obtained globally at all temperatures. Our numerical results cover the global range of anisotropy parameter, for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases.
{"title":"Field-free quantum-spin-1/2 XXZ model in three-dimensions:phases, phase transitions, and phase diagrams by renormalization group theory","authors":"Ozan S. Sarıyer","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2002-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2002-24","url":null,"abstract":"The field-free quantum-spin-1/2 XXZ model is studied in three-dimensions using renormalization group theory. We obtain global phase diagrams and critical properties. We identify zero-temperature quantum phase transitions at isotropic points, as well as long-range order below critical temperatures at all anisotropies. We show that the excitation spectrum is gapless in XY-like, and gapped in Ising-like anisotropy regimes. Besides, internal energy density, specific heat, nearest-neighbor entanglement measures and spin-spin correlations are obtained globally at all temperatures. Our numerical results cover the global range of anisotropy parameter, for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":"288-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3906/fiz-2002-24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47683389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent developments in quantum computing and the growing interest in optomechanics and quantum optics need platforms that enable rapid prototyping and scalability. This can be fulfilled by on-chip integration, as we present here. The different nanofabrication steps are explained, and our automated measurement setup is discussed. We present an opto-electromechanical device, the H-resonator, which enables optomechanical experiments such as electrostatic springs and nonlinearities and thermomechanical squeezing. Moreover, it also functions as an optomechanical phase shifter, an essential element for our integrated quantum optics efforts. Besides this, the equivalent of a beam splitter in photonics-the directional coupler-is shown. Its coupling ratio can be reliably controlled, as we show with experimental data. Several directional couplers combined can realize the CNOT operation with almost ideal fidelity.
{"title":"On-chip quantum opticsand integrated optomechanics","authors":"D. Hoch, T. Sommer, S. Müller, M. Poot","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2004-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2004-20","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in quantum computing and the growing interest in optomechanics and quantum optics need platforms that enable rapid prototyping and scalability. This can be fulfilled by on-chip integration, as we present here. The different nanofabrication steps are explained, and our automated measurement setup is discussed. We present an opto-electromechanical device, the H-resonator, which enables optomechanical experiments such as electrostatic springs and nonlinearities and thermomechanical squeezing. Moreover, it also functions as an optomechanical phase shifter, an essential element for our integrated quantum optics efforts. Besides this, the equivalent of a beam splitter in photonics-the directional coupler-is shown. Its coupling ratio can be reliably controlled, as we show with experimental data. Several directional couplers combined can realize the CNOT operation with almost ideal fidelity.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":"239-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3906/fiz-2004-20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44969496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated the localized vibrational modes LVM of natural oxygen containing $^{16}$O, $^{17}$O, and $^{18}$O isotopes at a substitutional tellurium site in cadmium telluride using infrared absorption spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. The main absorption peak observed at 350 cm$^{-1, }$was formerly attributed to a fundamental LVM mode $nu _{0} $ of oxygen at a tellurium site. The relatively weak absorption peaks observed at 331 cm$^{-1, }$and 340 cm$^{-1, }$are assigned as the same $nu_{0}$ mode of the $^{17}$O and $^{18}$O isotopes, respectively, based on their relative intensities and spectral positions. The spectral positions were confirmed with theoretical calculations using a linear chain model where the peak position at 350 cm$^{-1}$ was taken as the reference for the $^{16}$O isotope. From a least square analysis of the observed peak positions we were able to calculate the force constants from perturbation theory. A Lorentzian line shape analysis of each $nu_{0}$ absorption peak, considering the effects of isotopic mass and natural abundance variations of the host Cd atoms, was also carried out to further confirm their assignments. Reasonably good line shape fittings were obtained for $nu _{0}$ modes of all isotopes of oxygen.
{"title":"Local vibrational modes of natural isotopes of substitutional oxygen in CdTe","authors":"E. Tarhan, A. Ramdas","doi":"10.3906/fiz-1911-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-1911-14","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the localized vibrational modes LVM of natural oxygen containing $^{16}$O, $^{17}$O, and $^{18}$O isotopes at a substitutional tellurium site in cadmium telluride using infrared absorption spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. The main absorption peak observed at 350 cm$^{-1, }$was formerly attributed to a fundamental LVM mode $nu _{0} $ of oxygen at a tellurium site. The relatively weak absorption peaks observed at 331 cm$^{-1, }$and 340 cm$^{-1, }$are assigned as the same $nu_{0}$ mode of the $^{17}$O and $^{18}$O isotopes, respectively, based on their relative intensities and spectral positions. The spectral positions were confirmed with theoretical calculations using a linear chain model where the peak position at 350 cm$^{-1}$ was taken as the reference for the $^{16}$O isotope. From a least square analysis of the observed peak positions we were able to calculate the force constants from perturbation theory. A Lorentzian line shape analysis of each $nu_{0}$ absorption peak, considering the effects of isotopic mass and natural abundance variations of the host Cd atoms, was also carried out to further confirm their assignments. Reasonably good line shape fittings were obtained for $nu _{0}$ modes of all isotopes of oxygen.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41917296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prediction of the standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH0298 of boron nitride nanocone BNNCs structures with disclination angles 60°, 120°, and 180°is recommended to be performed by the isodesmic reaction approach. NH3, BH3, and N2H4 were selected as key reference compounds. In order to calculate ΔfH0298 of nanocones, we must first calculate the enthalpies of nanocone rings at their apexes. For this purpose, ΔfH0298 values of 40 different structures, such as boron, nitrogen, and hydrogen compounds, have been calculated by combining Gaussian-4 G4 theory calculations with the isodesmic and other balanced reactions approach. At each stage of the calculations, the previously estimated enthalpies of formation of nanocones were used as reference points for new molecules in the isodesmic and other balanced reactions. The results of enthalpies of formation of reference compounds were then used as reference values to estimate the enthalpy of formation of rings of BNNCs at their apexes. Finally, enthalpies of formation of BNNCs with disclination angles of 60°, 120°, and 180°and cone heights of 1-5 A, 3-7 A, and 4-8 A were calculated. The results show that the reactions are highly exothermic. An increase in cone height causes the enthalpy of formation of boron nitride nanocone structures to become more negative.
{"title":"Prediction of standard enthalpies of formation of boron nitride nanocones","authors":"F. Shojaie","doi":"10.3906/fiz-1908-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-1908-7","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of the standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH0298 of boron nitride nanocone BNNCs structures with disclination angles 60°, 120°, and 180°is recommended to be performed by the isodesmic reaction approach. NH3, BH3, and N2H4 were selected as key reference compounds. In order to calculate ΔfH0298 of nanocones, we must first calculate the enthalpies of nanocone rings at their apexes. For this purpose, ΔfH0298 values of 40 different structures, such as boron, nitrogen, and hydrogen compounds, have been calculated by combining Gaussian-4 G4 theory calculations with the isodesmic and other balanced reactions approach. At each stage of the calculations, the previously estimated enthalpies of formation of nanocones were used as reference points for new molecules in the isodesmic and other balanced reactions. The results of enthalpies of formation of reference compounds were then used as reference values to estimate the enthalpy of formation of rings of BNNCs at their apexes. Finally, enthalpies of formation of BNNCs with disclination angles of 60°, 120°, and 180°and cone heights of 1-5 A, 3-7 A, and 4-8 A were calculated. The results show that the reactions are highly exothermic. An increase in cone height causes the enthalpy of formation of boron nitride nanocone structures to become more negative.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45195254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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