: This paper presents a comparative analysis of manoeuvring patterns through the fairway which is marked with physical and virtual Aids to Navigation (AtoN). The impact of V ‐ AtoN environment on decision ‐ making and on consequent manoeuvres has never been studied in such a way. The results published in this paper were obtained using TRANSAS Navi Trainer 5000 and TRANSAS ECDIS 4000 simulators where 12 deck officers with at least 5 years of sea service participated. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant difference in manoeuvring patterns between the two environments. In case of virtual environment, more intense drift angles, ROTs as well as XTDs are observed. The paper demonstrates significant impact of virtual environment on behaviour of OOW.
{"title":"Comparative Analyses of Manoeuvring Patterns in Real and Virtual AtoN Environment","authors":"I. Mrakovic, Rino BoŁnjak","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.13","url":null,"abstract":": This paper presents a comparative analysis of manoeuvring patterns through the fairway which is marked with physical and virtual Aids to Navigation (AtoN). The impact of V ‐ AtoN environment on decision ‐ making and on consequent manoeuvres has never been studied in such a way. The results published in this paper were obtained using TRANSAS Navi Trainer 5000 and TRANSAS ECDIS 4000 simulators where 12 deck officers with at least 5 years of sea service participated. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant difference in manoeuvring patterns between the two environments. In case of virtual environment, more intense drift angles, ROTs as well as XTDs are observed. The paper demonstrates significant impact of virtual environment on behaviour of OOW.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82667804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construction and Analysis of New Mathematical Models of the Operation of Ship Propellers in Different Maneuvering Modes","authors":"Olexandr Kryvyi, M. Miyusov, M.O. Kryvyi","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"mathematical","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87867553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The forces arising on the ship's rudder at different angles of attack in an unbounded flow are investigated. The components of the resulting force on the rudder are represented in terms of the rudder lift and drag forces, as well as in terms of the normal and tangential forces on the rudder. The well - known mathematical models of hydrodynamic rudder coefficients are analyzed, and their disadvantages are found. New mathematical models of hydrodynamic coeffic ients have been obtained, in particular, the coefficients of rudder lift and d rag, which take into account the aspect ratio of the rudder, its relative thickness and can be applied to any angle of attack of the flow on the rudder. On specific examples for rudders of the NACA series, the adequacy of the proposed models and their cons istency with known experimental studies are illustrated. It is shown how the rudder lift and drag change, as well as the components of the resulting force for the maximum possible range of changes in the local drift angle and the rudder angle.
{"title":"Analysis of Known and Construction of New Mathematical Models of Forces on a Ship's Rudder in an Unbounded Flow","authors":"Olexandr Kryvyi, Mykhaylo Miyusov, Mark Kryvyi","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.04.09","url":null,"abstract":": The forces arising on the ship's rudder at different angles of attack in an unbounded flow are investigated. The components of the resulting force on the rudder are represented in terms of the rudder lift and drag forces, as well as in terms of the normal and tangential forces on the rudder. The well - known mathematical models of hydrodynamic rudder coefficients are analyzed, and their disadvantages are found. New mathematical models of hydrodynamic coeffic ients have been obtained, in particular, the coefficients of rudder lift and d rag, which take into account the aspect ratio of the rudder, its relative thickness and can be applied to any angle of attack of the flow on the rudder. On specific examples for rudders of the NACA series, the adequacy of the proposed models and their cons istency with known experimental studies are illustrated. It is shown how the rudder lift and drag change, as well as the components of the resulting force for the maximum possible range of changes in the local drift angle and the rudder angle.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Icebreakers are a critical shared resource between Finland and Sweden required to keep the Baltic Sea clear for differing waterborne activities throughout the winter season. The safety and efficiency (both ecol ogical and in terms of time) of the winter transport system is highly dependent on the decision -making process followed by the icebreakers. The captains in charge of the icebreakers must decide the priority of assistance among all the merchant vessels that may be in need within a given time window. While captains successfully do this every year, with experience, this decision -making becomes second nature and a transparent picture of how the decisions are made is often missing. It is not always clear what sa lient features captains pay attention to, and how they use those features in their reasoning process to reach a decision during operations. This paper presents a pilot study that uses cognitive task analysis (CTA) to outline captains' decision-making process for ice breaker assistance allocation. In-depth interviews of three subject matter experts were conducted using a naturalistic icebreaker scenario. Results include identified critical decision points, identified, and prioritized salient features, and characterized icebreaker assistance strategies.
{"title":"Cognitive Task Analysis to Understand Icebreaker Decision Making","authors":"Mashrura Musharraf, Ketki Kulkarni, Steven Mallam","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.04.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.04.14","url":null,"abstract":": Icebreakers are a critical shared resource between Finland and Sweden required to keep the Baltic Sea clear for differing waterborne activities throughout the winter season. The safety and efficiency (both ecol ogical and in terms of time) of the winter transport system is highly dependent on the decision -making process followed by the icebreakers. The captains in charge of the icebreakers must decide the priority of assistance among all the merchant vessels that may be in need within a given time window. While captains successfully do this every year, with experience, this decision -making becomes second nature and a transparent picture of how the decisions are made is often missing. It is not always clear what sa lient features captains pay attention to, and how they use those features in their reasoning process to reach a decision during operations. This paper presents a pilot study that uses cognitive task analysis (CTA) to outline captains' decision-making process for ice breaker assistance allocation. In-depth interviews of three subject matter experts were conducted using a naturalistic icebreaker scenario. Results include identified critical decision points, identified, and prioritized salient features, and characterized icebreaker assistance strategies.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In this paper, the issue of teaching professional aviation subjects in the field of higher education air transport was ad ‐ dressed. We present some research results in the field of didactics of professional aviation subjects, teaching effectiveness, motivation and evaluation of students in education. In this work we present some approaches to the development of didactics of professional subjects in Slovakia. We state that the subject of didactics is the student, teacher and knowledge forming the didactic tri ‐ angle. Didactics of professional subjects examines the possibilities of transforming the knowledge of technical scientific disciplines into the content of education, didactic systems, teaching projects and the student ʹ s knowledge. We researched the area of didactics of professional aviation subjects with a focus on motivating students to study. We managed to involve a large sample of students in the research, which helped us in ‐ crease the objectivity of the results. Based on the research results, we recommend some measures to increase the quality of higher education of students in the field of air transport. The motivating goal for our research is to support the quality of education at the Faculty of Aeronautics of the Technical University of Košice.
{"title":"Selected Aspects of Student Education in the Field of Air Transport","authors":"M. Džunda, Lucia Balejčíková, P. Dzurovčin","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.17","url":null,"abstract":": In this paper, the issue of teaching professional aviation subjects in the field of higher education air transport was ad ‐ dressed. We present some research results in the field of didactics of professional aviation subjects, teaching effectiveness, motivation and evaluation of students in education. In this work we present some approaches to the development of didactics of professional subjects in Slovakia. We state that the subject of didactics is the student, teacher and knowledge forming the didactic tri ‐ angle. Didactics of professional subjects examines the possibilities of transforming the knowledge of technical scientific disciplines into the content of education, didactic systems, teaching projects and the student ʹ s knowledge. We researched the area of didactics of professional aviation subjects with a focus on motivating students to study. We managed to involve a large sample of students in the research, which helped us in ‐ crease the objectivity of the results. Based on the research results, we recommend some measures to increase the quality of higher education of students in the field of air transport. The motivating goal for our research is to support the quality of education at the Faculty of Aeronautics of the Technical University of Košice.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87478992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The current spill response capability in Finland is built to respond to oil spills caused by heavy fuel oils and the most transported oil cargoes. However, the implementation of the Sulphur Directive in 2015 changed the fuel profiles of the ships: prior to the new regulation ships operating in the Baltic Sea mainly used heavy fuel oil (HFO), whereas now ships use marine gas oil (MGO DMA) or marine diesel (MDO DMB) known as marine distillate fuels. This paper reviews the effectiveness of the current recovery techniques in responding to spills of marine distillate fuels based on the oil recovery field tests. The results indicate that conventional recovery techniques are only partially applicable to marine distillate fuels, which calls for a reassessment of the marine oil spill response capability and further research. The use and availability of low ‐ carbon marine fuels will continue to increase as emission regulations become more stringent. This will require a continuous assessment of the oil recovery capabilities and the adaptation of spill response preparedness accordingly.
{"title":"Responding to Spills of Marine Distillate Fuels","authors":"J. Halonen","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.19","url":null,"abstract":": The current spill response capability in Finland is built to respond to oil spills caused by heavy fuel oils and the most transported oil cargoes. However, the implementation of the Sulphur Directive in 2015 changed the fuel profiles of the ships: prior to the new regulation ships operating in the Baltic Sea mainly used heavy fuel oil (HFO), whereas now ships use marine gas oil (MGO DMA) or marine diesel (MDO DMB) known as marine distillate fuels. This paper reviews the effectiveness of the current recovery techniques in responding to spills of marine distillate fuels based on the oil recovery field tests. The results indicate that conventional recovery techniques are only partially applicable to marine distillate fuels, which calls for a reassessment of the marine oil spill response capability and further research. The use and availability of low ‐ carbon marine fuels will continue to increase as emission regulations become more stringent. This will require a continuous assessment of the oil recovery capabilities and the adaptation of spill response preparedness accordingly.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83632636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maritime Students’ Use and Perspectives of Cloud-Based Desktop Simulators: CSCL and Implications for Educational Design","authors":"William C. Gyldensten, A. Wiig, Charlott Sellberg","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"41 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83790017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental Risk Assessment in the Background of Armed Conflict in the Black Sea Area. A Case Study for a Container Terminal in the Port of Constanța","authors":"Nicolae-Ovidiu Stefanov, L. Rauca","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86266019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Key Points of the Modernized GMDSS System","authors":"K. Korcz","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.01.14","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89169297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spencer Dugan, R. Skjetne, K. Wróbel, J. Montewka, M. Gil, I. Utne
: The transition from conventionally manned to autonomous ships is accompanied by the development of enhanced Decision Support Systems (DSS) for navigators. Such systems need to consider interactions among hardware, software, and humans and their potential effects on system performance, which require rigorous testing to verify the system ʹ s safe decision ‐ making ability and operational limits. Testing requirements for verification are aimed at 1) assessing the system ʹ s reliability and failure handling performance, and 2) integration testing. This work uses the System ‐ Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to develop integration tests for a novel DSS. STPA is a structured methodology to identify hazards from multiple sources, including hardware or software failures, system interactions, and human errors. The objectives of the study are to develop and assess the feasibility of integration test procedures based on STPA. The stability monitoring subsystem from the DSS is analyzed as a case study. The results are used to suggest functional and performance integration test procedures.
{"title":"Integration Test Procedures for a Collision Avoidance Decision Support System Using STPA","authors":"Spencer Dugan, R. Skjetne, K. Wróbel, J. Montewka, M. Gil, I. Utne","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.02.14","url":null,"abstract":": The transition from conventionally manned to autonomous ships is accompanied by the development of enhanced Decision Support Systems (DSS) for navigators. Such systems need to consider interactions among hardware, software, and humans and their potential effects on system performance, which require rigorous testing to verify the system ʹ s safe decision ‐ making ability and operational limits. Testing requirements for verification are aimed at 1) assessing the system ʹ s reliability and failure handling performance, and 2) integration testing. This work uses the System ‐ Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to develop integration tests for a novel DSS. STPA is a structured methodology to identify hazards from multiple sources, including hardware or software failures, system interactions, and human errors. The objectives of the study are to develop and assess the feasibility of integration test procedures based on STPA. The stability monitoring subsystem from the DSS is analyzed as a case study. The results are used to suggest functional and performance integration test procedures.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81069252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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