Spencer Dugan, R. Skjetne, K. Wróbel, J. Montewka, M. Gil, I. Utne
: The transition from conventionally manned to autonomous ships is accompanied by the development of enhanced Decision Support Systems (DSS) for navigators. Such systems need to consider interactions among hardware, software, and humans and their potential effects on system performance, which require rigorous testing to verify the system ʹ s safe decision ‐ making ability and operational limits. Testing requirements for verification are aimed at 1) assessing the system ʹ s reliability and failure handling performance, and 2) integration testing. This work uses the System ‐ Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to develop integration tests for a novel DSS. STPA is a structured methodology to identify hazards from multiple sources, including hardware or software failures, system interactions, and human errors. The objectives of the study are to develop and assess the feasibility of integration test procedures based on STPA. The stability monitoring subsystem from the DSS is analyzed as a case study. The results are used to suggest functional and performance integration test procedures.
{"title":"Integration Test Procedures for a Collision Avoidance Decision Support System Using STPA","authors":"Spencer Dugan, R. Skjetne, K. Wróbel, J. Montewka, M. Gil, I. Utne","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.02.14","url":null,"abstract":": The transition from conventionally manned to autonomous ships is accompanied by the development of enhanced Decision Support Systems (DSS) for navigators. Such systems need to consider interactions among hardware, software, and humans and their potential effects on system performance, which require rigorous testing to verify the system ʹ s safe decision ‐ making ability and operational limits. Testing requirements for verification are aimed at 1) assessing the system ʹ s reliability and failure handling performance, and 2) integration testing. This work uses the System ‐ Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to develop integration tests for a novel DSS. STPA is a structured methodology to identify hazards from multiple sources, including hardware or software failures, system interactions, and human errors. The objectives of the study are to develop and assess the feasibility of integration test procedures based on STPA. The stability monitoring subsystem from the DSS is analyzed as a case study. The results are used to suggest functional and performance integration test procedures.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81069252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental Risk Assessment in the Background of Armed Conflict in the Black Sea Area. A Case Study for a Container Terminal in the Port of Constanța","authors":"Nicolae-Ovidiu Stefanov, L. Rauca","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86266019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The forces arising on the ship's rudder at different angles of attack in an unbounded flow are investigated. The components of the resulting force on the rudder are represented in terms of the rudder lift and drag forces, as well as in terms of the normal and tangential forces on the rudder. The well - known mathematical models of hydrodynamic rudder coefficients are analyzed, and their disadvantages are found. New mathematical models of hydrodynamic coeffic ients have been obtained, in particular, the coefficients of rudder lift and d rag, which take into account the aspect ratio of the rudder, its relative thickness and can be applied to any angle of attack of the flow on the rudder. On specific examples for rudders of the NACA series, the adequacy of the proposed models and their cons istency with known experimental studies are illustrated. It is shown how the rudder lift and drag change, as well as the components of the resulting force for the maximum possible range of changes in the local drift angle and the rudder angle.
{"title":"Analysis of Known and Construction of New Mathematical Models of Forces on a Ship's Rudder in an Unbounded Flow","authors":"Olexandr Kryvyi, Mykhaylo Miyusov, Mark Kryvyi","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.04.09","url":null,"abstract":": The forces arising on the ship's rudder at different angles of attack in an unbounded flow are investigated. The components of the resulting force on the rudder are represented in terms of the rudder lift and drag forces, as well as in terms of the normal and tangential forces on the rudder. The well - known mathematical models of hydrodynamic rudder coefficients are analyzed, and their disadvantages are found. New mathematical models of hydrodynamic coeffic ients have been obtained, in particular, the coefficients of rudder lift and d rag, which take into account the aspect ratio of the rudder, its relative thickness and can be applied to any angle of attack of the flow on the rudder. On specific examples for rudders of the NACA series, the adequacy of the proposed models and their cons istency with known experimental studies are illustrated. It is shown how the rudder lift and drag change, as well as the components of the resulting force for the maximum possible range of changes in the local drift angle and the rudder angle.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Icebreakers are a critical shared resource between Finland and Sweden required to keep the Baltic Sea clear for differing waterborne activities throughout the winter season. The safety and efficiency (both ecol ogical and in terms of time) of the winter transport system is highly dependent on the decision -making process followed by the icebreakers. The captains in charge of the icebreakers must decide the priority of assistance among all the merchant vessels that may be in need within a given time window. While captains successfully do this every year, with experience, this decision -making becomes second nature and a transparent picture of how the decisions are made is often missing. It is not always clear what sa lient features captains pay attention to, and how they use those features in their reasoning process to reach a decision during operations. This paper presents a pilot study that uses cognitive task analysis (CTA) to outline captains' decision-making process for ice breaker assistance allocation. In-depth interviews of three subject matter experts were conducted using a naturalistic icebreaker scenario. Results include identified critical decision points, identified, and prioritized salient features, and characterized icebreaker assistance strategies.
{"title":"Cognitive Task Analysis to Understand Icebreaker Decision Making","authors":"Mashrura Musharraf, Ketki Kulkarni, Steven Mallam","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.04.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.04.14","url":null,"abstract":": Icebreakers are a critical shared resource between Finland and Sweden required to keep the Baltic Sea clear for differing waterborne activities throughout the winter season. The safety and efficiency (both ecol ogical and in terms of time) of the winter transport system is highly dependent on the decision -making process followed by the icebreakers. The captains in charge of the icebreakers must decide the priority of assistance among all the merchant vessels that may be in need within a given time window. While captains successfully do this every year, with experience, this decision -making becomes second nature and a transparent picture of how the decisions are made is often missing. It is not always clear what sa lient features captains pay attention to, and how they use those features in their reasoning process to reach a decision during operations. This paper presents a pilot study that uses cognitive task analysis (CTA) to outline captains' decision-making process for ice breaker assistance allocation. In-depth interviews of three subject matter experts were conducted using a naturalistic icebreaker scenario. Results include identified critical decision points, identified, and prioritized salient features, and characterized icebreaker assistance strategies.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The main goal of education at a maritime university is to provide students with knowledge and practical skills necessary for future work on a ship. To receive the diploma of merchant navy officer, students are required to complete a 12 ‐ month maritime internship. During the internship, as well as during the entire course of studies, students ʹ expectations regarding their future professional work are developed, related to, among others, working and living conditions on a ship, employment conditions and cooperation with the shipowner. These expectations determine the students’ subsequent choices towards a given shipowner as a potential employer, as well as their decisions about further professional development in this field. From the point of view of operational management, it is therefore important for the shipowner to know the requirements that must be met in order to have a motivated and competent staff. This article aims to classify the requirements for students relative to their future work on a ship based on assessing the impact of the requirement fulfilment level against the level of their satisfaction. The results obtained made it possible to indicate those requirements regarding working conditions, the fulfilment of which should be treated by shipowners as a priority, because they determine the students’ satisfaction to the highest degree.
{"title":"Expectations of Maritime University Students of Future Work on a Ship","authors":"N. Klopotek, P. Dmowski, A. Szkiel","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.22","url":null,"abstract":": The main goal of education at a maritime university is to provide students with knowledge and practical skills necessary for future work on a ship. To receive the diploma of merchant navy officer, students are required to complete a 12 ‐ month maritime internship. During the internship, as well as during the entire course of studies, students ʹ expectations regarding their future professional work are developed, related to, among others, working and living conditions on a ship, employment conditions and cooperation with the shipowner. These expectations determine the students’ subsequent choices towards a given shipowner as a potential employer, as well as their decisions about further professional development in this field. From the point of view of operational management, it is therefore important for the shipowner to know the requirements that must be met in order to have a motivated and competent staff. This article aims to classify the requirements for students relative to their future work on a ship based on assessing the impact of the requirement fulfilment level against the level of their satisfaction. The results obtained made it possible to indicate those requirements regarding working conditions, the fulfilment of which should be treated by shipowners as a priority, because they determine the students’ satisfaction to the highest degree.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84390475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The paper presents the structure of hybrid and electric modern ship propulsion systems. Types and configuration of electrochemical cells for selected electric energy storage facilities on the ship were presented. The method and results of reliability analyses, such as failure mode effect analysis (FMEA), reliability block diagram (RBD) and fault tree analysis (FTA), used to estimate the probability of failure of the energy storage systems supplying the ship's main propulsion, are presented. Methods of evaluation and verification of the proposed reliability model using a laboratory model and available operational and service data are discussed. A proposal for a quantitative risk analysis of potential damage during the operation of the energy storage has been presented.
{"title":"Reliability Evaluation of Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems Supplying the Ship's Main Propulsion System","authors":"P. Szewczyk, Andrzej Lebkowski","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.01.08","url":null,"abstract":": The paper presents the structure of hybrid and electric modern ship propulsion systems. Types and configuration of electrochemical cells for selected electric energy storage facilities on the ship were presented. The method and results of reliability analyses, such as failure mode effect analysis (FMEA), reliability block diagram (RBD) and fault tree analysis (FTA), used to estimate the probability of failure of the energy storage systems supplying the ship's main propulsion, are presented. Methods of evaluation and verification of the proposed reliability model using a laboratory model and available operational and service data are discussed. A proposal for a quantitative risk analysis of potential damage during the operation of the energy storage has been presented.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82576309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Mangroves and the associated shoal forest known as ‘restinga ʹ are ecosystems of great ecological
红树林和与之相连的浅滩林被称为“restinga”，是极具生态价值的生态系统
{"title":"Potential Use of Mangroves as Nature-Based Solutions to Improve Navigation Conditions in a Port in Southern Brazil","authors":"Leo Previti, P. Alfredini","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.01","url":null,"abstract":": Mangroves and the associated shoal forest known as ‘restinga ʹ are ecosystems of great ecological","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76690901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This article presents an analysis of the Galileo E1 signal and its sensitivity to different types of interference. The research involved modeling white noise, chaotic impulse interference, and narrowband interference and the effects of these interfering signals on the E1 signal. Based on the available information, spectral structures were created for the mentioned types of interference, and subsequently, these int erferences were integrated into the E1 signal in the Matlab program environment. A Kallman filter was used to filter out white noise from the additive mixture of the E1 signal and white noise. The research aimed to analyze the influence of white noise, chaotic impulse interference, and narrowband interference on the spectral power density of the E1 signal. The results of this work can be used in the design of robust receivers and signal structures capable of withstanding these types of interference.
{"title":"Model of the Signal of the Galileo Satellite Navigation System","authors":"M. Džunda, SebastiÁn ēikovský, Lucia Balejčíková","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.01.04","url":null,"abstract":": This article presents an analysis of the Galileo E1 signal and its sensitivity to different types of interference. The research involved modeling white noise, chaotic impulse interference, and narrowband interference and the effects of these interfering signals on the E1 signal. Based on the available information, spectral structures were created for the mentioned types of interference, and subsequently, these int erferences were integrated into the E1 signal in the Matlab program environment. A Kallman filter was used to filter out white noise from the additive mixture of the E1 signal and white noise. The research aimed to analyze the influence of white noise, chaotic impulse interference, and narrowband interference on the spectral power density of the E1 signal. The results of this work can be used in the design of robust receivers and signal structures capable of withstanding these types of interference.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77491368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongwei He, E. Lataire, T. V. Zwijnsvoorde, G. Delefortrie
: This paper presents a user ‐ friendly simulator developed based on Windows Forms and deployed as a test bed for validating automatic control algorithms. The effectiveness of some of the integrated track controllers has been tested with free running experiments carried out in the Towing Tank for Manoeuvres in Shallow Water in Ostend, Belgium. The controllers enable a ship to follow predefined random paths with high accuracy. Ship ‐ to ‐ ship interaction is considered in some cases. Simulator environments provide useful tools for extending the number of validation scenarios, supplementing the work performed in the towing tank. The simulator is presented with a graphical user interface, aiming at providing a good user experience, numerous test scenarios and an extensively ‐ validated library of automatic control algorithms. With the usage of the simulator, further evaluation of developed control algorithms by implementing extensive test runs with different ships and waterways could be made. Case studies are shown to illustrate the functionality of the simulator.
{"title":"A Ship Manoeuvring Desktop Simulator for Developing and Validating Automatic Control Algorithms","authors":"Hongwei He, E. Lataire, T. V. Zwijnsvoorde, G. Delefortrie","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.12","url":null,"abstract":": This paper presents a user ‐ friendly simulator developed based on Windows Forms and deployed as a test bed for validating automatic control algorithms. The effectiveness of some of the integrated track controllers has been tested with free running experiments carried out in the Towing Tank for Manoeuvres in Shallow Water in Ostend, Belgium. The controllers enable a ship to follow predefined random paths with high accuracy. Ship ‐ to ‐ ship interaction is considered in some cases. Simulator environments provide useful tools for extending the number of validation scenarios, supplementing the work performed in the towing tank. The simulator is presented with a graphical user interface, aiming at providing a good user experience, numerous test scenarios and an extensively ‐ validated library of automatic control algorithms. With the usage of the simulator, further evaluation of developed control algorithms by implementing extensive test runs with different ships and waterways could be made. Case studies are shown to illustrate the functionality of the simulator.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78073242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariusz Specht, Szymon Widzgowski, A. Stateczny, C. Specht, Oktawia Lewicka
: There are many manufacturers on the market offering various types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The multitude of drones available on the market means that the choice of a UAV for a specific application appears to be a decision problem to be solved. The aim of this article is a comparative analysis of drones used in photogrammetric
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Used in Photogrammetric Surveys","authors":"Mariusz Specht, Szymon Widzgowski, A. Stateczny, C. Specht, Oktawia Lewicka","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.02.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.02.21","url":null,"abstract":": There are many manufacturers on the market offering various types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The multitude of drones available on the market means that the choice of a UAV for a specific application appears to be a decision problem to be solved. The aim of this article is a comparative analysis of drones used in photogrammetric","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78105876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：