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‘Powerless to separate from the clouds’: Badiou, mathematics and geography “无力与云分离”:Badiou,数学和地理
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2100922
M. Hannah
ABSTRACT Alain Badiou’s work provides an important opportunity for critical human geographers to enhance our grasp of a range of abstract mathematical concepts while clarifying that toward which we must remain critical. Yet the geographical encounter with Badiou thus far has been needlessly hampered by, and has itself reinforced, a certain pessimism about the ability of qualitatively-trained geographers to deal in any meaningful way with his mathematical arguments. Challenging this pessimism, the present paper argues that if we trust ourselves a bit more to think through, with, and against mathematical concepts, we can in fact learn a great deal from Badiou. To illustrate this claim, the paper draws upon mathematical dimensions of Badiou’s arguments – as well as some ideas from Gestalt theory – to highlight failures both of his ontological and of his phenomenological projects. In light of the latter failure, however, Badiou’s mathematical concepts suggest the possibility of an analysis of qualitative geographical phenomena that both retains a place for subjectivity and leaves space for the recognition of ‘proto-quantitative relations’. The paper closes by suggesting how Badiou’s abstract mathematical concept of the ‘transcendental’ can help to understand the manipulative production of space in twenty-first century capitalism.
摘要Alain Badiou的工作为批判性的人类地理学家提供了一个重要的机会,让他们能够增强我们对一系列抽象数学概念的理解,同时澄清我们必须保持批判性的东西。然而,到目前为止,与Badiou的地理接触受到了不必要的阻碍,而且这种悲观情绪本身也得到了加强,因为人们对受过良好训练的地理学家以任何有意义的方式处理其数学论点的能力持悲观态度。为了挑战这种悲观主义,本文认为,如果我们更加相信自己能够思考、理解和反对数学概念,我们实际上可以从Badiou身上学到很多。为了说明这一说法,本文借鉴了Badiou论点的数学维度,以及格式塔理论中的一些观点,以强调他的本体论和现象学项目的失败。然而,鉴于后一种失败,Badiou的数学概念提出了对定性地理现象进行分析的可能性,这种分析既保留了主观性的位置,又为承认“原始定量关系”留下了空间。文章最后提出,Badiou抽象的“先验”数学概念如何有助于理解21世纪资本主义中的空间操纵生产。
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引用次数: 3
Ukraine, Russian fascism and Houdini geography: a conversation with Vitali Vitaliev 乌克兰,俄罗斯法西斯主义和胡迪尼地理:与维塔利·维塔利耶夫的对话
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2095427
C. Philo, V. Vitaliev
ABSTRACT Responding to the war in Ukraine, unleashed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and ongoing at the time of writing, this article carries the edited transcript of a conversation with Vitali Vitaliev, an independent journalist, author, travel-writer and ‘geographer’. Ukrainian-born with Russian as his first language, and now living and working in the UK, Vitaliev is being deeply affected – intellectually and emotionally, professionally and personally – by the horrors of the current situation. Over the course of the interview transcribed here, he covers aspects of his biography, in Ukraine and elsewhere, as well as reflecting on the geographical sensibility that shapes his writing and then elaborating, in various ways, his interpretation of what is unfolding presently in Ukraine. Fiercely critical of the forms of ‘Russian fascism’ underlying the assault on Ukraine ordered by Russian President Vladimir Putin, Vitaliev discusses the psychological, historical and geopolitical roots of Putin’s actions. He also describes the cementing of a newly confident and dignified Ukrainian identity as a ‘counterforce’ to Putin’s ‘force’, hastening a trajectory whereby most Ukrainians, in both western and eastern Ukraine, are now attempting to escape the hauntings of the Soviet era.
摘要针对2022年2月俄罗斯入侵乌克兰引发的乌克兰战争,在撰写本文时,这场战争仍在继续,本文载有与独立记者、作家、旅行作家和“地理学家”维塔利·维塔利耶夫的对话经过编辑的文字记录。维塔利耶夫出生于乌克兰,第一语言是俄语,现在在英国生活和工作,他在智力和情感、职业和个人方面都深受当前局势的恐怖影响。在这里转录的采访过程中,他涵盖了自己传记在乌克兰和其他地方的各个方面,并反思了塑造他写作的地理敏感性,然后以各种方式阐述了他对乌克兰目前正在发生的事情的解释。维塔利耶夫强烈批评俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京下令袭击乌克兰背后的“俄罗斯法西斯主义”形式,他讨论了普京行动的心理、历史和地缘政治根源。他还描述了一种新的自信和有尊严的乌克兰身份的巩固,即普京“力量”的“反力量”,加速了乌克兰西部和东部的大多数乌克兰人现在试图逃离苏联时代的困扰。
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引用次数: 2
Paradox of poverty in the pursuit of a really useful Scottish geography 追求真正有用的苏格兰地理的贫困悖论
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2099007
J. McKendrick
ABSTRACT This contribution to the Applied Geographies series describes how geographical skills and knowledge are being used in Scotland to support the work of those tackling poverty in central government, local government, the Third Sector, and community groups. Opportunity is abundant for geography to contribute to the ambitious goal of eradicating child poverty in Scotland by 2030, recently described as a ‘national mission’ by the First Minister. Geography should not be amoral: as there is a necessity for geographical analysis to inform anti-poverty activity, it is incumbent upon geographers with an interest in poverty and related issues to make impactful contributions beyond the Academy.
摘要这篇对应用地理学系列的贡献描述了苏格兰如何利用地理技能和知识来支持中央政府、地方政府、第三部门和社区团体的扶贫工作。地理位置有充足的机会为到2030年消除苏格兰儿童贫困的宏伟目标做出贡献,这一目标最近被第一部长称为“国家使命”。地理不应该是不道德的:由于地理分析有必要为反贫困活动提供信息,因此对贫困和相关问题感兴趣的地理学家有责任在学院之外做出有影响力的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Periglacial landforms of Dartmoor: an automated mapping approach to characterizing cold climate geomorphology 达特穆尔冰川周围地貌:表征寒冷气候地貌的自动制图方法
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2093394
Sadie Harriott, D. Evans
ABSTRACT A systematic mapping approach characterizes Dartmoor periglacial landform signatures using the geomorphology of nine summit areas displaying well developed tor and blockfield landforms. This combines manual vectorisation with automatic classification and surface boulder identification, using spectral signatures to reveal patterns and distribution. Tors were classified using a three-fold scheme: T0 - summits with no tors; T1 - summits with castellated and high relief tors; T2 - summits with subdued or low relief tors. Clitter (blockfield and blockstream) features identified by automated mapping include boulder lobes and stripes and boulder-fronted lobes and terraces, arranged according to distance downslope from parent tors. This zonation of periglacial landforms is proposed as a landsystem signature for areas exposed to periglacial and permafrost processes for significant time during the Quaternary. It represents a process-form regime in which cold climate processes, acting on partially deeply weathered and pneumatolysised granite, produce castellated tors, cryoplanation benches and autochthonous blockfield (clitter), and permafrost creep develops boulder lobes that elongate and evolve downslope as allochthonous blockslopes with boulder stripes and boulder-fronted lobes and terraces. This demonstrates that automated mapping can be applied to areas of upland periglacial landforms to rapidly and systematically compile quantifiable patterns of landform assemblages.
摘要:一种系统的测绘方法利用九个峰顶地区的地貌特征来表征达特穆尔冰川边缘地貌特征,这些峰顶地区显示出发育良好的tor和blockfield地貌。这将手动矢量化与自动分类和地表巨砾识别相结合,使用光谱特征来揭示模式和分布。Tors使用三重方案进行分类:T0-没有Tors的峰会;T1-带有槽型和高浮雕的顶部;T2-具有柔和或低起伏的顶点。通过自动测绘确定的碎屑岩(块体田和块体流)特征包括漂石裂片和条纹以及漂石前缘的裂片和阶地,根据与母岩的下坡距离排列。这种冰缘地貌的分带被认为是第四纪时期暴露于冰缘和永久冻土过程的地区的一种景观系统特征。它代表了一种过程形式,在这种过程中,寒冷的气候过程作用于部分深风化和气成花岗岩上,产生了城堡状隆起物、冻土台和本地块体场(斜坡),而永久冻土蠕变形成了巨石瓣,这些巨石瓣延长并向下演变为具有巨石条纹、巨石前缘瓣和阶地的异地块体斜坡。这表明,自动化测绘可以应用于冰川边缘高地地貌区域,以快速、系统地汇编可量化的地貌组合模式。
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引用次数: 1
Troubled transition? The relationship between curriculum for excellence geography and Scottish undergraduate geography 过渡出现问题?优秀地理课程与苏格兰本科地理的关系
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2125561
K. Stewart
ABSTRACT Since the late 1990s, there has been a concern about a growing disconnect between Geography in academia and the Geography taught in the school curriculum. The claim is that School Geography has remained, to some degree, stuck with outdated notions of the discipline, resulting in detrimental effects on those making the transition from School Geography to University Geography. This paper investigates whether these issues are present in Scotland’s Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) Geography. Drawing upon curriculum materials, a survey of Geography school teachers, university staff and a handful of follow-up interviews, CfE was evaluated with respect to policy and implementation, course content, pedagogy, and the relationship between Scottish Geography’s secondary and tertiary educational sectors. Findings pertained to concerns around non-specialist teaching, and about how transition is impacted by socio-economic inequality between state and independent schools. Significant criticisms were voiced over outdated topics, resulting in declining pupil interest, while issues were identified regarding certain pedagogies and problematic stereotyping of places. A distinct deficit of communication between educational sectors became clear, and it is concluded that there are significant problems with CfE Geography symptomatic of a wider disconnect with University Geography, presenting a serious barrier to transition into Higher Education Geography.
摘要自20世纪90年代末以来,学术界对地理与学校课程中所教授的地理之间日益脱节的问题一直备受关注。据称,学校地理在某种程度上仍然固守着过时的学科观念,对那些从学校地理向大学地理过渡的人产生了不利影响。本文调查了苏格兰卓越地理课程中是否存在这些问题。根据课程材料、对地理学校教师、大学工作人员的调查和一些后续访谈,CfE从政策和实施、课程内容、教学法以及苏格兰地理中等和高等教育部门之间的关系等方面进行了评估。调查结果涉及对非专业教学的担忧,以及公立学校和私立学校之间的社会经济不平等如何影响过渡。有人对过时的话题提出了重大批评,导致学生兴趣下降,同时也发现了一些关于某些教学法和有问题的地方陈规定型观念的问题。教育部门之间明显缺乏沟通,得出的结论是,CfE地理学存在重大问题,这是与大学地理学更广泛脱节的症状,是向高等教育地理学过渡的严重障碍。
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引用次数: 4
First a wudd, and syne a sea: postglacial coastal change of Scotland recalled in ancient stories 先是一片乌德,后是一片大海:古代故事中回忆的苏格兰冰川后海岸变化
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2110610
P. Nunn
ABSTRACT The question of whether culturally-grounded stories (myths and legends) have any value in understanding past environmental changes is uncertain. Focused on stories that plausibly recall movements of the land-sea interface in Scotland in postglacial times, this paper summarises details of 11 stories that refer to submergence and 7 stories that refer to emergence. Most submergence stories are confined to the Outer Hebrides and include those recalling when it was possible to walk between places that are now islands. Emergence stories come from around the Scottish coast and include some from the Inner Hebrides. The agreement in direction of movement (submergence or emergence) with models of postglacial landscape change is almost perfect. By comparing submergence/emergence magnitudes to histories of relative sea-level change from glacial-isostatic adjustment models, it is possible to estimate ages for all the submergence stories to at least 2107-8695 years BP and all the emergence stories to 674-7120 years BP. Land-uplift rates calculated from emergence stories agree with those from palaeo-shoreline analysis. As is becoming increasingly clear for other places to which ancient culturally-grounded stories about environmental change refer, these Scottish stories likely represent residues of millennia-old observations of coastal change. This study should encourage further investigations of ancient Scottish narratives.
摘要基于文化的故事(神话和传说)在理解过去的环境变化方面是否有价值,这个问题还不确定。本文关注的故事似乎让人想起了后冰川时代苏格兰陆海界面的运动,总结了11个故事中提到的沉没和7个故事中谈到的浮出水面的细节。大多数潜水故事都局限于外赫布里底群岛,其中包括那些回忆起何时可以在现在的岛屿之间行走的故事。突发事件的故事来自苏格兰海岸,其中一些来自内赫布里底群岛。运动方向(淹没或出现)与冰川后景观变化模型的一致性几乎是完美的。通过将淹没/冒出幅度与冰川均衡调整模型中的相对海平面变化历史进行比较,可以估计所有淹没层的年龄至少为2107-8695年BP,所有冒出层的年龄为674-7120年BP。根据露头故事计算的陆地抬升率与古海岸线分析的结果一致。正如其他地方越来越清楚的那样,关于环境变化的古老文化故事所指的地方,这些苏格兰故事可能代表了数千年前对海岸变化的观察结果的残余。这项研究应该鼓励对古代苏格兰叙事的进一步调查。
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引用次数: 3
The Geographers Royal: a summary and partial history 皇家地理学家:概要和部分历史
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2112273
C. Withers
ABSTRACT The paper presents a summary biographical history of those persons who have held the title Geographer Royal or a variant since its inception in 1682. The distinction can be made between individuals who held the title because of their personal standing and geographical accomplishments, and those, principally map makers and geographical publishers, who held the title as a reflection of excellence in the commercial production of maps and atlases. The honorific Geographer Royal or equivalent illustrates the importance of royal patronage and the public recognition of geography’s commercial outputs. Neither topic is addressed in existing histories of geography.
本文介绍了自1682年成立以来,拥有皇家地理学家头衔或其变体的那些人的概要传记历史。可以区分那些因个人地位和地理成就而获得头衔的人,以及那些主要是地图制作者和地理出版商的人,他们获得头衔是为了反映他们在地图和地图册的商业制作方面的卓越表现。尊敬的皇家地理学家或同等地位说明了皇家赞助的重要性和公众对地理学商业成果的认可。这两个主题在现有的地理史书中都没有提到。
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引用次数: 1
The spatial variable: Professor Ron Johnston’s inaugural lecture (University of Sheffield, 1975) 空间变量:罗恩·约翰斯顿教授的就职演讲(谢菲尔德大学,1975年)
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2089722
R. Johnston, Richard D. F. Harris
ABSTRACT This paper presents a recently transcribed copy of Ron Johnston’s inaugural lecture that he gave in 1975 following his appointment as Professor of Geography at the University of Sheffield. Entitled ‘The Spatial Variable’, it is published for the first time, with a foreword by one of Ron’s subsequent colleagues at the University of Bristol, highlighting the lecture’s continuing relevance to contemporary geographical praxis – especially quantitative geography – as well as Ron’s own interest in studying the histories of geographical thought. The lecture is offered as an intellectual tour de force that reverberates with Ron’s deep knowledge of and passion for the discipline of geography, and is infused with a belief in its social and academic validity; a validity that the lecture showcases with a wide range of examples, many in topics that Ron would continue to study throughout his career. Underpinning the lecture is recognition of the challenges but importance of geographical explanation to understand the (re-)production of socio-spatial inequalities. The lecture richly demonstrates Ron’s fascination with ‘the spatial variable’, the study of which would be a life-long pursuit and, in his pioneering approaches to its understanding, cement Ron’s recognition as one of Geography’s most prolific and respected practitioners.
摘要本文提供了罗恩·约翰斯顿1975年被任命为谢菲尔德大学地理学教授后的就职演讲的最新转录本。这本题为《空间变量》的书首次出版,罗恩后来在布里斯托尔大学的一位同事为其作序,强调了该讲座与当代地理实践——尤其是数量地理学——的持续相关性,以及罗恩自己对研究地理思想史的兴趣。这场讲座是一场智力之旅,与罗恩对地理学科的深厚知识和热情相呼应,并充满了对其社会和学术有效性的信念;讲座通过大量的例子展示了这一有效性,其中许多都是罗恩在整个职业生涯中继续学习的主题。讲座的基础是认识到地理解释对理解社会空间不平等的(再)产生的挑战和重要性。这场讲座充分展示了罗恩对“空间变量”的着迷,对其的研究将是他一生的追求,并以其开拓性的理解方法巩固了罗恩作为地理学最多产、最受尊敬的实践者之一的认可。
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引用次数: 1
‘In the critical department’: refreshing the Scottish Geographical Journal “在关键部门”:刷新《苏格兰地理杂志》
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2082515
C. Philo, Martin D. Hurst, E. Laurie, Rhian Thomas
Following the latest hand-over in the ‘slow-motion geographical relay race’ (Clayton & Warren, 2016, p. 183) that is the editorship of the Scottish Geographical Journal, the ‘baton’ has now been passed from St Andrews – specifically from Dan Clayton and Charles Warren – to a new Editorial Team based in Glasgow (in the School of Geographical and Earth Sciences). This new team spans four of us, combining expertise across human geography (Emma Laurie, Chris Philo) and physical geography (Martin Hurst, Rhian Thomas), and with a variety of cross-disciplinary linkages across to the earth sciences, geospatial sciences, social sciences and humanities. Our capacities will be extended by reaching out to a revivified Editorial Board, currently being updated with renewed responsibilities, and of course by seeking the generous assistance of reviewers spread globally and across (and beyond) academia. We wish to acknowledge the tremendous efforts of our predecessors, Dan and Charles (St Andrews: 2016–2021 [Clayton & Warren, 2016]), and before them Tim Mighall and Lorna Philip (Aberdeen: 2009–2016 [Philip & Mighall, 2009]), Jim Hansom and Joanne Sharp (Glasgow: 2005–2008 [Hansom et al., 2006]), and Alison McCleery (Napier: 1999–2004 [McCleery, 1999]). These have been the editors during the period when the Scottish Geographical Magazine (SGM) became renamed as the Scottish Geographical Journal (SGJ), although it is interesting that even in the SGM’s founding year of 1885 – as in the epigraph above – it was already on occasion being termed a ‘Journal’. The deeper implications of the epigraph will be inspected below, in the context of briefly inspecting the journal’s history and drawing out certain ‘lessons’ for us, going forward, as the new editors. More importantly perhaps, we will conclude this editorial with a statement of how we intend to ‘refresh’ the journal, including various initiatives for introducing greater flexibility into the normal expectations of what and how an academic journal will publish. That said, we know that we are building on the accomplishments and indeed visions of our predecessors from 1885 onwards, thereby sitting ‘on the shoulders of giants’, and we are fully aware that in some instances we are reworking ideas and innovations that have been attempted previously.
继最近的“慢动作地理接力赛”(克莱顿和沃伦,2016年,第183页),即苏格兰地理杂志的编辑,“接力棒”现在已经从圣安德鲁斯-特别是从丹克莱顿和查尔斯沃伦-传递到位于格拉斯哥的新编辑团队(在地理和地球科学学院)。这个新团队由我们四人组成,结合了人文地理学(Emma Laurie, Chris Philo)和自然地理学(Martin Hurst, Rhian Thomas)的专业知识,以及地球科学、地理空间科学、社会科学和人文科学的各种跨学科联系。我们的能力将通过与一个复兴的编辑委员会接触而得到扩展,编辑委员会目前正在更新其职责,当然,我们还将寻求遍布全球和学术界(以及学术界以外)的审稿人的慷慨帮助。我们要感谢我们的前辈,丹和查尔斯(圣安德鲁斯:2016 - 2021[克莱顿和沃伦,2016]),在他们之前蒂姆·米格尔和洛娜·菲利普(阿伯丁:2009 - 2016[菲利普和米格尔,2009]),吉姆·汉索姆和乔安妮·夏普(格拉斯哥:2005-2008[汉索姆等人,2006]),和艾莉森·麦克利利(纳皮尔:1999 - 2004[麦克利利,1999])的巨大努力。这些都是苏格兰地理杂志(SGM)更名为苏格兰地理杂志(SGJ)期间的编辑,尽管有趣的是,即使在SGM成立的1885年,就像上面的题词一样,它已经偶尔被称为“期刊”。下面,我们将在简要考察《华尔街日报》历史的背景下,对这段题词的深层含义进行考察,并为我们这些新编辑今后的工作总结出一些“教训”。也许更重要的是,我们将在这篇社论的结尾发表一份声明,说明我们打算如何“刷新”期刊,包括各种各样的举措,在学术期刊发表什么和如何发表的正常预期中引入更大的灵活性。也就是说,我们知道,我们是建立在1885年以来我们的前辈的成就和愿景之上的,因此坐在“巨人的肩膀上”,我们完全意识到,在某些情况下,我们正在重新设计以前尝试过的想法和创新。
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引用次数: 4
The Anthropocene and the geography of everything: can we learn how to think and act well in the ‘age of humans’? 人类世和万物的地理:在“人类时代”,我们能学会如何思考和行动吗?
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2100923
N. Castree
ABSTRACT Geoscientists claim that we live in a new geological epoch, such is the magnitude, scale and scope of the human impact on the Earth. Yet the Anthropocene cannot speak for itself: it requires spokespeople to analyse and evaluate its character and meaning. The Anthroposcene necessarily mediates our understanding of the Anthropocene. This review essay assesses one of the latest editions to ‘the scene’, the book Altered Earth (2022) edited by Julia Adeney Thomas. Aimed at those with little prior knowledge, Altered Earth raises questions about how best to represent the fast-expanding Anthroposcene so that neophytes can grasp the key questions, issues and debates. Like it or not, the Anthropocene presents truly formidable challenges to thought and action. The richness of the Anthroposcene needs to be parsed in ways that allow those outside it to comprehend the principal analytical, moral-ethical, aesthetic and practical problems, perspectives and opportunities.
摘要地球科学家声称,我们生活在一个新的地质时代,这就是人类对地球影响的大小、规模和范围。然而,人类世不能为自己说话:它需要发言人来分析和评估其特征和意义。人类场景必然会影响我们对人类世的理解。这篇评论文章评估了“场景”的最新版本之一,Julia Adeney Thomas编辑的《改变的地球》(2022)一书。针对那些之前知之甚少的人,《改变的地球》提出了如何最好地代表快速扩展的人类场景的问题,以便新手能够掌握关键问题、问题和辩论。不管你喜不喜欢,人类世对思想和行动提出了真正艰巨的挑战。人类场景的丰富性需要以这样的方式来解析,即允许外部的人理解主要的分析、道德伦理、美学和实践问题、视角和机会。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Scottish Geographical Journal
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