Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.1922737
S. Ringrose, L. Cassidy
ABSTRACT This paper examines the geomorphological evolution of the Criffel–Dalbeattie granitic pluton (CDGP). Research is based on data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Google Earth, Ordnance Survey maps and field measurements. Granitic emplacement into Southern Uplands terrain along Caledonian structural trends took place during the mid-late Devonian. Faulting and subsidence during the late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic preceded assumed differential uplift of the pluton during the early Palaeocene. This led to the development of bidirectional palaeo-surfaces. Structural rather than lithological controls formed the dominant bases for subsequent weathering during the Palaeogene and Neogene. Shallow surface weathering over the CDGP and absence of saprolite imply that weathering episodes may have been relatively short-lived. However, joint enlargement and in situ eroded corestones indicate that earlier weathered features were substantially modified by glacial agencies. Pleistocene glacial events included ice streaming from the NNW which took place over moulded hills. Thinner late-stage ice scoured irregular hill long profiles while divergent ice contributed to basin erosion. Localised resurgent ice streaming was shortlived. After early uplift and palaeo-surface formation, the CDGP hills evolved through phases of granitic weathering and glacial erosion likely over the past 65 Ma since the early Palaeocene.
{"title":"Landscape evolution of the granitic Criffel–Dalbeattie hills, south-west Scotland","authors":"S. Ringrose, L. Cassidy","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.1922737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.1922737","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the geomorphological evolution of the Criffel–Dalbeattie granitic pluton (CDGP). Research is based on data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Google Earth, Ordnance Survey maps and field measurements. Granitic emplacement into Southern Uplands terrain along Caledonian structural trends took place during the mid-late Devonian. Faulting and subsidence during the late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic preceded assumed differential uplift of the pluton during the early Palaeocene. This led to the development of bidirectional palaeo-surfaces. Structural rather than lithological controls formed the dominant bases for subsequent weathering during the Palaeogene and Neogene. Shallow surface weathering over the CDGP and absence of saprolite imply that weathering episodes may have been relatively short-lived. However, joint enlargement and in situ eroded corestones indicate that earlier weathered features were substantially modified by glacial agencies. Pleistocene glacial events included ice streaming from the NNW which took place over moulded hills. Thinner late-stage ice scoured irregular hill long profiles while divergent ice contributed to basin erosion. Localised resurgent ice streaming was shortlived. After early uplift and palaeo-surface formation, the CDGP hills evolved through phases of granitic weathering and glacial erosion likely over the past 65 Ma since the early Palaeocene.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"84 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2021.1922737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42301074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.1920048
A. C. Whitefield, R. McMorran, J. Paterson, Charles R. Warren
ABSTRACT Deer have a prominent public and political profile in Scotland because of their iconic status, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and the long-running controversies surrounding their management. However, few studies have examined public perceptions of deer management. This article investigates whether rural and urban place of residence and other demographic factors are significant influences on public perceptions of deer management. A survey (n = 184) in rural and urban locations in Scotland explored public perceptions of deer management in contrasting localities. Place of residence, demographic information and self-reported knowledge levels were analysed to examine their impact on perceptions. Respondents generally agreed that deer management is necessary, with fencing and culling the first and second most preferred management options. Rural or urban place of residence had a limited influence on opinions of deer management, with engagement in land-based employment playing a more important role. Self-reported understanding of deer management was the most important factor in shaping opinions; those with greater knowledge were more likely to support deer culling. The findings suggest that improved public education concerning the need for deer management would be beneficial, increasing public understanding of management practices.
{"title":"Public perceptions of deer management in Scotland: the impact of place of residence, knowledge and demographic factors","authors":"A. C. Whitefield, R. McMorran, J. Paterson, Charles R. Warren","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.1920048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.1920048","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Deer have a prominent public and political profile in Scotland because of their iconic status, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and the long-running controversies surrounding their management. However, few studies have examined public perceptions of deer management. This article investigates whether rural and urban place of residence and other demographic factors are significant influences on public perceptions of deer management. A survey (n = 184) in rural and urban locations in Scotland explored public perceptions of deer management in contrasting localities. Place of residence, demographic information and self-reported knowledge levels were analysed to examine their impact on perceptions. Respondents generally agreed that deer management is necessary, with fencing and culling the first and second most preferred management options. Rural or urban place of residence had a limited influence on opinions of deer management, with engagement in land-based employment playing a more important role. Self-reported understanding of deer management was the most important factor in shaping opinions; those with greater knowledge were more likely to support deer culling. The findings suggest that improved public education concerning the need for deer management would be beneficial, increasing public understanding of management practices.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"67 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2021.1920048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43804369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-15DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.1914856
C. Ballantyne
ABSTRACT Published in 1865, of The Scenery of Scotland by Archibald Geikie is arguably the first book to employ modern geomorphological principles to explain landscape evolution within a regional context. It appeared during a period of conflicting paradigms, and though it endorsed some now-outdated concepts, it followed the tenets of uniformitarianism: that the form of the land surface is explicable by the operation of surface (fluvial, coastal and glacial) processes operating on rocks of varying age and resistance. It demonstrated that upland landscapes represent dissection, first by rivers, then by glaciers, of uplifted palaeosurfaces; that Scotland was completely buried by glacier ice, then experienced a later period of mountain glaciation; that coastlines underwent both submergence and uplift during and after deglaciation; and that long-term differential erosion created distinctive topographies that reflect the underlying structure and lithology. The book exhibits remarkable insights, some unconfirmed until recently, concerning aspects of river channel evolution, coastal erosion and the interpretation of glacial features. In its various editions, The Scenery of Scotland remained the sole text devoted to the evolution of the Scottish landscape for over a century and its influence continues to resonate with multiple aspects of recent research on the geomorphology of Scotland.
{"title":"The Scenery of Scotland revisited: retrospective assessment of a classic geomorphological text","authors":"C. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.1914856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.1914856","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Published in 1865, of The Scenery of Scotland by Archibald Geikie is arguably the first book to employ modern geomorphological principles to explain landscape evolution within a regional context. It appeared during a period of conflicting paradigms, and though it endorsed some now-outdated concepts, it followed the tenets of uniformitarianism: that the form of the land surface is explicable by the operation of surface (fluvial, coastal and glacial) processes operating on rocks of varying age and resistance. It demonstrated that upland landscapes represent dissection, first by rivers, then by glaciers, of uplifted palaeosurfaces; that Scotland was completely buried by glacier ice, then experienced a later period of mountain glaciation; that coastlines underwent both submergence and uplift during and after deglaciation; and that long-term differential erosion created distinctive topographies that reflect the underlying structure and lithology. The book exhibits remarkable insights, some unconfirmed until recently, concerning aspects of river channel evolution, coastal erosion and the interpretation of glacial features. In its various editions, The Scenery of Scotland remained the sole text devoted to the evolution of the Scottish landscape for over a century and its influence continues to resonate with multiple aspects of recent research on the geomorphology of Scotland.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"228 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2021.1914856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45980047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.1905871
D. Nance
ABSTRACT A myth asserts that at sunrise on the summer solstice ‘something’ came to the Calanais Stones’ central ring heralded by the cuckoo’s call. This paper investigates which of the three celestial objects easily visible at sunrise, the Sun, Moon and Venus, might be referred to. The stones have no obvious orientation with the Sun and, while a ‘window’ of the midsummer full-moons could be seen over the stone ring, complex lunar orbits preclude any precise alignments including the lunar standstill positions. Several widespread European goddesses of fertility and sovereignty were associated with both Venus and the cuckoo, astronomically symbolised by the Pleiades in northern Europe. The east -row of the Calanais Stones is aligned with crossover events of Venus. Three crossover events occurred during the period of the east row construction suggested by radiocarbon dating. The azimuth of the rising Pleiades coincided with the Venus crossover of 1677 and 1674 BC. The ‘something’ was ‘bright, shining, holy’ in Brittonic, gwen, while Gwener is the planet Venus. The appearance of the Sun and Venus at sunrise on the summer solstice might represent a divine wedding. This is believed to be the first European prehistoric monument demonstrated to be purposely aligned with Venus.
{"title":"A Calanais myth and an alignment of the east stone-row with both the rising of the Pleiades and crossovers of Venus at sunrise on the summer solstices","authors":"D. Nance","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.1905871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.1905871","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A myth asserts that at sunrise on the summer solstice ‘something’ came to the Calanais Stones’ central ring heralded by the cuckoo’s call. This paper investigates which of the three celestial objects easily visible at sunrise, the Sun, Moon and Venus, might be referred to. The stones have no obvious orientation with the Sun and, while a ‘window’ of the midsummer full-moons could be seen over the stone ring, complex lunar orbits preclude any precise alignments including the lunar standstill positions. Several widespread European goddesses of fertility and sovereignty were associated with both Venus and the cuckoo, astronomically symbolised by the Pleiades in northern Europe. The east -row of the Calanais Stones is aligned with crossover events of Venus. Three crossover events occurred during the period of the east row construction suggested by radiocarbon dating. The azimuth of the rising Pleiades coincided with the Venus crossover of 1677 and 1674 BC. The ‘something’ was ‘bright, shining, holy’ in Brittonic, gwen, while Gwener is the planet Venus. The appearance of the Sun and Venus at sunrise on the summer solstice might represent a divine wedding. This is believed to be the first European prehistoric monument demonstrated to be purposely aligned with Venus.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"41 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2021.1905871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47692707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2020.1863605
Léa Weimann, H. Lundström
{"title":"A line in the sand for climate change","authors":"Léa Weimann, H. Lundström","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2020.1863605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2020.1863605","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"36 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2020.1863605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44302495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The announcement by the Scottish Government of a global ‘climate emergency’ in May 2019, and the selection of Glasgow as the host city for the main COP26 talks to be held in late 2021 has helped focus attention to the impact of climate change in Scotland. The COVID-19 pandemic has also brought into sharp focus the disproportionate effect that shocks and stresses have on already vulnerable people and places. This short communication aims to contribute to these debates by clarifying existing strengths and open issues for an evidence-driven response to climate change in Scotland’s marginalised communities. Growing support for rapid and radical climate action, both in Scotland and overseas, brings into question the role of learned societies and reasoned debate within a climate emergency. To this end, we synthesise recent Scotland-based research into issues relating to climate justice and, drawing on the outcomes of a workshop held in summer 2019, identify aspects where good progress has been made and areas where further work is required for an evidence-driven and just response to climate change in Scotland and beyond.
{"title":"Climate change, marginalised communities and considered debate within Scotland’s climate emergency","authors":"Climate Change & Marginalised Communities Workshop Contributors","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2020.1834335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2020.1834335","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The announcement by the Scottish Government of a global ‘climate emergency’ in May 2019, and the selection of Glasgow as the host city for the main COP26 talks to be held in late 2021 has helped focus attention to the impact of climate change in Scotland. The COVID-19 pandemic has also brought into sharp focus the disproportionate effect that shocks and stresses have on already vulnerable people and places. This short communication aims to contribute to these debates by clarifying existing strengths and open issues for an evidence-driven response to climate change in Scotland’s marginalised communities. Growing support for rapid and radical climate action, both in Scotland and overseas, brings into question the role of learned societies and reasoned debate within a climate emergency. To this end, we synthesise recent Scotland-based research into issues relating to climate justice and, drawing on the outcomes of a workshop held in summer 2019, identify aspects where good progress has been made and areas where further work is required for an evidence-driven and just response to climate change in Scotland and beyond.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"41 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2020.1834335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42854086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2020.1853872
M. Hulme
ABSTRACT The idea of a changing climate has been present in most cultural formations throughout recorded history, and yet the latter decades of the twentieth century animated the idea of climate change is new and powerful ways. This essay reflects on the possible future of this idea, comparing approaches to climate change that frame it either as an engineering problem, a new locus of politics or as a human predicament. The idea of climate change seems unlikely to go away – notwithstanding the success or otherwise of polices designed to stabilise the climate. It therefore warrants considered reflection on the possible ways in which this idea accompanies and guides future human development.
{"title":"Climate change forever: the future of an idea","authors":"M. Hulme","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2020.1853872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2020.1853872","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The idea of a changing climate has been present in most cultural formations throughout recorded history, and yet the latter decades of the twentieth century animated the idea of climate change is new and powerful ways. This essay reflects on the possible future of this idea, comparing approaches to climate change that frame it either as an engineering problem, a new locus of politics or as a human predicament. The idea of climate change seems unlikely to go away – notwithstanding the success or otherwise of polices designed to stabilise the climate. It therefore warrants considered reflection on the possible ways in which this idea accompanies and guides future human development.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"118 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2020.1853872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46396218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2020.1863610
J. Vogler
ABSTRACT This paper considers the international political context of the UK presidency of COP26 and reflects upon past experience in which climate change discussions, despite their distinctive nature, cannot be effectively isolated from great power politics. It concludes that the deteriorating international situation threatens to make a successful outcome to the Glasgow conference much more difficult to achieve than its predecessor at Paris in 2015.
{"title":"The international politics of COP26","authors":"J. Vogler","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2020.1863610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2020.1863610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper considers the international political context of the UK presidency of COP26 and reflects upon past experience in which climate change discussions, despite their distinctive nature, cannot be effectively isolated from great power politics. It concludes that the deteriorating international situation threatens to make a successful outcome to the Glasgow conference much more difficult to achieve than its predecessor at Paris in 2015.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"31 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2020.1863610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42282971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2020.1853869
W. Adams
ABSTRACT This paper comments on the idea of engineering novel and artificial forms of life to combat anthropogenic climate change by ‘terraforming' the Earth. The idea of ‘Nature-based Solutions' that sustain biodiversity while supporting human well-being connects conservation and climate change. However, the technologies of synthetic biology, particularly gene-editing, challenge the notion that only naturally-evolved organisms and ecosystems are capable of influencing in climate. The release of genetically-engineered organisms poses risks to biodiversity. Synthetic biology's engineering vision for the organic world is bold. But , terraforming with synthetic organisms is at odds with the conservationist’s concern for living diversity and diverse ecologies.
{"title":"Gene editing for climate: terraforming and biodiversity","authors":"W. Adams","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2020.1853869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2020.1853869","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper comments on the idea of engineering novel and artificial forms of life to combat anthropogenic climate change by ‘terraforming' the Earth. The idea of ‘Nature-based Solutions' that sustain biodiversity while supporting human well-being connects conservation and climate change. However, the technologies of synthetic biology, particularly gene-editing, challenge the notion that only naturally-evolved organisms and ecosystems are capable of influencing in climate. The release of genetically-engineered organisms poses risks to biodiversity. Synthetic biology's engineering vision for the organic world is bold. But , terraforming with synthetic organisms is at odds with the conservationist’s concern for living diversity and diverse ecologies.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"24 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2020.1853869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43466205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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