Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2022.2110275
J. Sharp
ABSTRACT This brief contribution aims to outline what I hope to achieve in my six years’ tenure as Geographer Royal in Scotland.
摘要：这篇简短的文章旨在概述我在担任苏格兰皇家地理学家的六年任期内希望实现的目标。
{"title":"Geographer Royal for Scotland 2022–28: an agenda","authors":"J. Sharp","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2022.2110275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2022.2110275","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This brief contribution aims to outline what I hope to achieve in my six years’ tenure as Geographer Royal in Scotland.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"138 1","pages":"16 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49102873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.2012585
M. Kirkbride, A. Black, V. Brazier, B. Pickering
ABSTRACT Over the night of 11–12th August 2020, unusually intense convective rainfall triggered several debris flows along the Lomond Hills escarpment. Rainfall intensities locally exceeded an estimated 0.33% annual exceedance probability. Each debris flow had a different magnitude and physical character depending on the availability of water and sediment and the effectiveness of the vegetation buffer, such that similar-looking micro-catchments responded in different ways. The largest debris flow far exceeded the others in magnitude, extending over 1 km with a descent of 246 m and an estimated volume of c. 1500–3000 m3, causing damage to a forestry road. Debris was entrained from a gullied relict talus, including fallen trees and incision of Lateglacial glaciofluvial sand. Deposit sedimentology and morphology demonstrate an initial debris-flow surge probably happened early in the storm coinciding with the greatest runoff generation, followed by later fluvial incision and sediment reworking. This appears to be the largest such event in the Lomond Hills for more than 90 years and may be characteristic of the landscape response to projected increases in convective rainfall intensities in twenty-first century summers.
{"title":"Intense rainfall and debris flows in the Lomond Hills, Fife, 11–12 August 2020","authors":"M. Kirkbride, A. Black, V. Brazier, B. Pickering","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.2012585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.2012585","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the night of 11–12th August 2020, unusually intense convective rainfall triggered several debris flows along the Lomond Hills escarpment. Rainfall intensities locally exceeded an estimated 0.33% annual exceedance probability. Each debris flow had a different magnitude and physical character depending on the availability of water and sediment and the effectiveness of the vegetation buffer, such that similar-looking micro-catchments responded in different ways. The largest debris flow far exceeded the others in magnitude, extending over 1 km with a descent of 246 m and an estimated volume of c. 1500–3000 m3, causing damage to a forestry road. Debris was entrained from a gullied relict talus, including fallen trees and incision of Lateglacial glaciofluvial sand. Deposit sedimentology and morphology demonstrate an initial debris-flow surge probably happened early in the storm coinciding with the greatest runoff generation, followed by later fluvial incision and sediment reworking. This appears to be the largest such event in the Lomond Hills for more than 90 years and may be characteristic of the landscape response to projected increases in convective rainfall intensities in twenty-first century summers.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"210 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60185445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.1994150
Ross Mackay, K. Prager
ABSTRACT With a right to responsible access across almost all land in Scotland, millions of recreationists make free use of an extensive upland path network. These paths provide easy access to some of the most spectacular, but most fragile habitats in the country. This path network is expected to come under increasing pressure from both use and climate. With many hundreds of kilometres already in poor condition, a new strategy to sustainably manage this important resource is required. As key stakeholders in the management of upland paths, understanding landowner engagement is key. Based on semi-structured qualitative interviews with land management representatives we found a diverging sense of responsibility for path management along the private/non-private landownership divide, but a positive attitude towards public access across the board. This resulted in a generally positive intention to engage in upland path management. Principal factors influencing engagement are; landowner awareness of the complex and nuanced issues associated with path degradation, the perceived benefits of path works, and the availability of and access to appropriate funding. From this, a typology of behaviours was developed. More than one behaviour type was identified on most properties, with engagement increasing in-line with severity of path degradation.
{"title":"The dilemma of upland footpaths – understanding private landowner engagement in the provision of a public good","authors":"Ross Mackay, K. Prager","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.1994150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.1994150","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With a right to responsible access across almost all land in Scotland, millions of recreationists make free use of an extensive upland path network. These paths provide easy access to some of the most spectacular, but most fragile habitats in the country. This path network is expected to come under increasing pressure from both use and climate. With many hundreds of kilometres already in poor condition, a new strategy to sustainably manage this important resource is required. As key stakeholders in the management of upland paths, understanding landowner engagement is key. Based on semi-structured qualitative interviews with land management representatives we found a diverging sense of responsibility for path management along the private/non-private landownership divide, but a positive attitude towards public access across the board. This resulted in a generally positive intention to engage in upland path management. Principal factors influencing engagement are; landowner awareness of the complex and nuanced issues associated with path degradation, the perceived benefits of path works, and the availability of and access to appropriate funding. From this, a typology of behaviours was developed. More than one behaviour type was identified on most properties, with engagement increasing in-line with severity of path degradation.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"131 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47575735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.1995621
R. Tipping, G. Bailey, Joshua Birks, Ellie Graham, Lucy Haseldine, J. Jordan, John Reid, David Smith
ABSTRACT The results of sediment-stratigraphic, diatom and pollen analyses, and AMS 14C dating of salt marsh sediments at Higgin’s Neuk, Airth in the inner Forth estuary in central Scotland are reported. Engineering borehole records of abundant peat within mudflat sediments encouraged work to establish rates of mudflat accretion over the last several centuries. However, six 14C assays on peat closely associated with buried archaeological structures of likely eighteenth century age record later prehistoric and early historic age-estimates. The assays are thought to be correct. The peat is not in situ. It probably originated from the well-documented, extensive late eighteenth and early nineteenth century clearance of raised mosses in the River Forth for agriculture. The sediment-stratigraphic evidence is important because it confirms the scale of the impacts of peat clearance on the inner estuary derived from contemporary documents. The peat may act as a marker horizon in mudflat and salt marsh sediments from which rates of post-eighteenth century mudflat accretion can be derived. At Higgin’s Neuk these were probably very high, given uncertainties in dating controls, around 0.8 cm/yr (1.2 yrs/cm) for the last ca. 150 years, a finding which accords with other studies around the North Sea.
{"title":"Radiocarbon dating of historic mudflat sediments at Airth in the inner Forth estuary and the impact on the estuary of nineteenth century agricultural improvements","authors":"R. Tipping, G. Bailey, Joshua Birks, Ellie Graham, Lucy Haseldine, J. Jordan, John Reid, David Smith","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.1995621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.1995621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The results of sediment-stratigraphic, diatom and pollen analyses, and AMS 14C dating of salt marsh sediments at Higgin’s Neuk, Airth in the inner Forth estuary in central Scotland are reported. Engineering borehole records of abundant peat within mudflat sediments encouraged work to establish rates of mudflat accretion over the last several centuries. However, six 14C assays on peat closely associated with buried archaeological structures of likely eighteenth century age record later prehistoric and early historic age-estimates. The assays are thought to be correct. The peat is not in situ. It probably originated from the well-documented, extensive late eighteenth and early nineteenth century clearance of raised mosses in the River Forth for agriculture. The sediment-stratigraphic evidence is important because it confirms the scale of the impacts of peat clearance on the inner estuary derived from contemporary documents. The peat may act as a marker horizon in mudflat and salt marsh sediments from which rates of post-eighteenth century mudflat accretion can be derived. At Higgin’s Neuk these were probably very high, given uncertainties in dating controls, around 0.8 cm/yr (1.2 yrs/cm) for the last ca. 150 years, a finding which accords with other studies around the North Sea.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"158 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48336723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.2013521
D. Nance
ABSTRACT A group of intervisible prehistoric monuments delineate a ritual landscape of 102 kilometres near Hatton of Fintray, Aberdeenshire. They act as back and foresights on solar and lunar horizon rising and setting extremes when viewed one from another. The identities of the local deities, syncretised as parish saints, an ethnographic analogy with pre-Christian Irish chieftains and an oral tradition that one of the monuments, the Gouk Stone (Old English for ‘cuckoo’), marks the location where a ‘general’ of that name was slain, support the hypothesis that local chieftains, titled after the bird and ‘married’ to the local goddess of sovereignty that personified Venus, were tied to the stone and ritually sacrificed. This occurred on the culturally significant day of Samhain at eight-year intervals from the Bronze Age until the late Iron Age. The interval coincided with the extreme evening setting of Venus at Samhain. In support of this hypothesis the stone acted as a horizon foresight for Venus setting extremes which occurred within a few days of Samhain and as a back sight with sunset behind a stone circle on Samhain. Place-names indicate the location remained an assembly/judicial site until the Medieval Period.
{"title":"An investigation of an Aberdeenshire ritual landscape: a site of human sacrifice associated with Venus","authors":"D. Nance","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.2013521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.2013521","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A group of intervisible prehistoric monuments delineate a ritual landscape of 102 kilometres near Hatton of Fintray, Aberdeenshire. They act as back and foresights on solar and lunar horizon rising and setting extremes when viewed one from another. The identities of the local deities, syncretised as parish saints, an ethnographic analogy with pre-Christian Irish chieftains and an oral tradition that one of the monuments, the Gouk Stone (Old English for ‘cuckoo’), marks the location where a ‘general’ of that name was slain, support the hypothesis that local chieftains, titled after the bird and ‘married’ to the local goddess of sovereignty that personified Venus, were tied to the stone and ritually sacrificed. This occurred on the culturally significant day of Samhain at eight-year intervals from the Bronze Age until the late Iron Age. The interval coincided with the extreme evening setting of Venus at Samhain. In support of this hypothesis the stone acted as a horizon foresight for Venus setting extremes which occurred within a few days of Samhain and as a back sight with sunset behind a stone circle on Samhain. Place-names indicate the location remained an assembly/judicial site until the Medieval Period.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"173 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48352362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.1945670
Matthew J. Logan, M. Metzger, Jon Hollingdale
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has impaired wellbeing and highlighted the importance of open, local greenspaces in supporting healthy lifestyles and providing safe social spaces. Community woodlands, environments managed by and for communities, offer a wealth of individual and communal wellbeing benefits which are likely to have been affected by COVID-19 restrictions. A mixed-methods study, involving 31 semi-structured interviews and 765 questionnaire responses, was conducted in three Scottish community woodlands before and after Scotland's first lockdown in Spring of 2020. Findings suggest community woodlands are highly valued for providing opportunities to exercise and connect with nature but also provide a range of other social, communal and symbolic benefits. Following lockdown, respondents visited community woodlands more often, developed further interest and appreciation in community woodlands, and placed significantly more value on connecting with nature and relatively less on social and shared benefits. These results reflect the impact of national restrictions and highlight community woodlands as important local green spaces which, despite limitations on communal use, continue to support wellbeing throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Contributions of Scottish community woodlands to local wellbeing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Matthew J. Logan, M. Metzger, Jon Hollingdale","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.1945670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.1945670","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has impaired wellbeing and highlighted the importance of open, local greenspaces in supporting healthy lifestyles and providing safe social spaces. Community woodlands, environments managed by and for communities, offer a wealth of individual and communal wellbeing benefits which are likely to have been affected by COVID-19 restrictions. A mixed-methods study, involving 31 semi-structured interviews and 765 questionnaire responses, was conducted in three Scottish community woodlands before and after Scotland's first lockdown in Spring of 2020. Findings suggest community woodlands are highly valued for providing opportunities to exercise and connect with nature but also provide a range of other social, communal and symbolic benefits. Following lockdown, respondents visited community woodlands more often, developed further interest and appreciation in community woodlands, and placed significantly more value on connecting with nature and relatively less on social and shared benefits. These results reflect the impact of national restrictions and highlight community woodlands as important local green spaces which, despite limitations on communal use, continue to support wellbeing throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"113 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2021.1945670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45542390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.1945194
N. Castree
Dipesh Chakrabarty is a highly distinguished historian based at the University of Chicago. Perhaps best known to human geographers for his writings about post-colonialism (such as the book Provinci...
{"title":"The climate of history in a planetary age","authors":"N. Castree","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.1945194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.1945194","url":null,"abstract":"Dipesh Chakrabarty is a highly distinguished historian based at the University of Chicago. Perhaps best known to human geographers for his writings about post-colonialism (such as the book Provinci...","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"251 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2021.1945194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48409018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2021.1922738
D. Benn
ABSTRACT Glacier surges are cyclic oscillations of velocity and mass resulting from internal dynamic instabilities. For surge-type glaciers, cycles of advance and retreat are decoupled from climate forcing, so it is important to consider the possibility that former glaciers may have been surge-type when making climatic inferences from their dimensions and chronologies. In this paper, climatic and glacier geometric data are used to show that Scotland was likely the location of a surge cluster during the Loch Lomond Stade (∼12.9–11.7 ka), with high probabilities of surging for outlets of the West Highland Icefield and the larger glaciers in the Inner Hebrides and Northern Highlands. Terrestrial and marine landforms consistent with surging occur in all of these areas, and it is proposed that surge-type glaciers existed on the Islands of Skye and Mull, in the Northern Highlands, and in a ‘surging arc’ along the western, southern and south-eastern margins of the West Highland Icefield. The possibility that surge-type glaciers were widespread in Scotland during the Loch Lomond Stade offers a fresh perspective on some long-standing issues, including the relationship between style of deglaciation and climate change, the climatic significance of glacial chronologies, palaeoclimatic reconstructions, and the interpretation of numerical model results.
{"title":"Surging glaciers in Scotland","authors":"D. Benn","doi":"10.1080/14702541.2021.1922738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2021.1922738","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Glacier surges are cyclic oscillations of velocity and mass resulting from internal dynamic instabilities. For surge-type glaciers, cycles of advance and retreat are decoupled from climate forcing, so it is important to consider the possibility that former glaciers may have been surge-type when making climatic inferences from their dimensions and chronologies. In this paper, climatic and glacier geometric data are used to show that Scotland was likely the location of a surge cluster during the Loch Lomond Stade (∼12.9–11.7 ka), with high probabilities of surging for outlets of the West Highland Icefield and the larger glaciers in the Inner Hebrides and Northern Highlands. Terrestrial and marine landforms consistent with surging occur in all of these areas, and it is proposed that surge-type glaciers existed on the Islands of Skye and Mull, in the Northern Highlands, and in a ‘surging arc’ along the western, southern and south-eastern margins of the West Highland Icefield. The possibility that surge-type glaciers were widespread in Scotland during the Loch Lomond Stade offers a fresh perspective on some long-standing issues, including the relationship between style of deglaciation and climate change, the climatic significance of glacial chronologies, palaeoclimatic reconstructions, and the interpretation of numerical model results.","PeriodicalId":46022,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Geographical Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"1 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14702541.2021.1922738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45235228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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