Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3727/154427221x16245632411926
Feifei Long, Norzalita Abd Aziz, A. H. Ngah
Face is an indigenous cultural concept deeply rooted in Chinese society. It is believed that face plays a profound role in influencing Chinese people's social behaviors, but little research has been conducted to investigate its impacts in relation to outbound travel behaviors among Chinese Gen Y tourists. This study collected 350 usable responses via online self-administered surveys, and examined the moderating effect of face gaining in the theory of reasoned action (TRA) model. Contrary to the extant literature, the present research indicates a negative moderating effect of face gaining on the positive relationship between attitude and outbound travel intention in a Chinese context. Through analysis and discussion, some theoretical and managerial implications are presented, which facilitates our understanding of face culture and Chinese Gen Y tourists. Additionally, limitations and future research directions are provided.
{"title":"How Does Face Culture Influence Chinese Gen Y's Outbound Travel Intention? Examining The Moderating Role of Face Gaining","authors":"Feifei Long, Norzalita Abd Aziz, A. H. Ngah","doi":"10.3727/154427221x16245632411926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16245632411926","url":null,"abstract":"Face is an indigenous cultural concept deeply rooted in Chinese society. It is believed that face plays a profound role in influencing Chinese people's social behaviors, but little research has been conducted to investigate its impacts in relation to outbound travel behaviors among Chinese Gen Y tourists. This study collected 350 usable responses via online self-administered surveys, and examined the moderating effect of face gaining in the theory of reasoned action (TRA) model. Contrary to the extant literature, the present research indicates a negative moderating effect of face gaining on the positive relationship between attitude and outbound travel intention in a Chinese context. Through analysis and discussion, some theoretical and managerial implications are presented, which facilitates our understanding of face culture and Chinese Gen Y tourists. Additionally, limitations and future research directions are provided.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42894837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3727/154427221x16245632411944
H. Hassan, Saikat Das, M. S. Quader
From an environmental standpoint, ecotourism has been drawn to attention by diverse communities all around the world. This empirical study aims to evaluate the behavioral intention of students by adopting an extended theory of planned behavior model by incorporating environmental concern and environmental knowledge from a developing country perspective. To get realistic output, structural equation modeling has been incorporated for systematic statistical analysis through using SMARTPLS 3.0, where data have been collected from 393 university students through a survey method. From an ecotourism point of view, a number of findings have been revealed in this study, such as students' attitude and perceived behavioral control have significant positive impacts on the behavioral intention towards ecotourism; results further proponed that environmental concerns have a significant effect on attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention towards ecotourism, environmental knowledge had no significant effect on the behavioral intention towards ecotourism. Finally, it had a positive impact on attitude towards ecotourism, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. On the basis of constructive analysis, theoretical and practical implications are depicted in the form of a contribution of knowledge, which will add value to the decision-making process of various stakeholders.
{"title":"Evaluating Students' Behavioral Intentions Towards Ecotourism: an Extended Theory Of Planned Behavior Perspective","authors":"H. Hassan, Saikat Das, M. S. Quader","doi":"10.3727/154427221x16245632411944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16245632411944","url":null,"abstract":"From an environmental standpoint, ecotourism has been drawn to attention by diverse communities all around the world. This empirical study aims to evaluate the behavioral intention of students by adopting an extended theory of planned behavior model by incorporating environmental concern\u0000 and environmental knowledge from a developing country perspective. To get realistic output, structural equation modeling has been incorporated for systematic statistical analysis through using SMARTPLS 3.0, where data have been collected from 393 university students through a survey method.\u0000 From an ecotourism point of view, a number of findings have been revealed in this study, such as students' attitude and perceived behavioral control have significant positive impacts on the behavioral intention towards ecotourism; results further proponed that environmental concerns have a\u0000 significant effect on attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention towards ecotourism, environmental knowledge had no significant effect on the behavioral intention towards ecotourism. Finally, it had a positive impact on attitude towards ecotourism, subjective\u0000 norm, and perceived behavioral control. On the basis of constructive analysis, theoretical and practical implications are depicted in the form of a contribution of knowledge, which will add value to the decision-making process of various stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46264113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3727/154427221x16245632411935
Sung-Eun Kim, Zhenxian (Zoey) Piao, Hye-Lina Kim, Zihui Ma
The rapid growth of the Chinese travel market has gained attention in the tourism industry. However, very few studies have been conducted to examine travel constraints that prevent Chinese outbound travelers from going somewhere quite accessible to their major destination from a multidestination perspective. Drawing upon the leisure constraint model (LCM), this study explored Chinese independent tourists' perceived travel constraints in selecting second-tier destinations in their destination choice and analyzed the market segments. A self-administered survey was collected from 393 Chinese travelers who did not visit Gyeonggi Province close to Seoul during their travels in South Korea. Based on the findings, four distinct groups were formed. The findings provide important insights into destinations that desire to attract more Chinese independent travelers.
{"title":"Understanding Chinese Independent Travel Market To South Korea: a Segmentation Approach","authors":"Sung-Eun Kim, Zhenxian (Zoey) Piao, Hye-Lina Kim, Zihui Ma","doi":"10.3727/154427221x16245632411935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16245632411935","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of the Chinese travel market has gained attention in the tourism industry. However, very few studies have been conducted to examine travel constraints that prevent Chinese outbound travelers from going somewhere quite accessible to their major destination from a multidestination\u0000 perspective. Drawing upon the leisure constraint model (LCM), this study explored Chinese independent tourists' perceived travel constraints in selecting second-tier destinations in their destination choice and analyzed the market segments. A self-administered survey was collected from 393\u0000 Chinese travelers who did not visit Gyeonggi Province close to Seoul during their travels in South Korea. Based on the findings, four distinct groups were formed. The findings provide important insights into destinations that desire to attract more Chinese independent travelers.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46718928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3727/154427221x16317419620200
Sandeep K. Walia, Aruditya Jasrotia, Parvinder Kour, P. Choudhary
The debate pertaining to poverty alleviation and increased employment opportunities for tourism microentrepreneurship has recently emerged as an area of investigation in the spheres of academic research. The role of tourism microentrepreneurship in strengthening rural communities has been researched by various tourism researchers and practitioners across the globe in the last few decades. The present study is aimed towards finding out the stakeholder's perception towards microentrepreneurship as a tool for conserving cultural, natural, and built heritage, particularly in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. To achieve the objectives of this study, a qualitative method has been adopted. The proposed method to investigate stakeholder perception is based on a two-step procedure. The first step identifies the sustainable practices available in the targeted area, and in the second stage current entrepreneurial practices among the microentrepreneurs are investigated through interviews with the respondents to determine the accountability of those practices with sustainable heritage development in the study area. The findings of the study reflect that there is a gap between the microentrepreneurship practices and the sustainable development in the study area. There is also a lack of policies and support from the side of governing bodies. Hence, the study puts forward the fact that despite several challenges, sustainable microentrepreneurship can offer a potential solution to poverty alleviation in the Himalayan region of India. The economic benefits of sustainable micro-entrepreneurship are compelling, and its potential effects on the improvement of the overall lifestyle of stakeholders are equally promising.
{"title":"Microentrepreneurship in Himalayan Region: Drafting Heritage Sustenance Through Stakeholders Perception","authors":"Sandeep K. Walia, Aruditya Jasrotia, Parvinder Kour, P. Choudhary","doi":"10.3727/154427221x16317419620200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16317419620200","url":null,"abstract":"The debate pertaining to poverty alleviation and increased employment opportunities for tourism microentrepreneurship has recently emerged as an area of investigation in the spheres of academic research. The role of tourism microentrepreneurship in strengthening rural communities has\u0000 been researched by various tourism researchers and practitioners across the globe in the last few decades. The present study is aimed towards finding out the stakeholder's perception towards microentrepreneurship as a tool for conserving cultural, natural, and built heritage, particularly\u0000 in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. To achieve the objectives of this study, a qualitative method has been adopted. The proposed method to investigate stakeholder perception is based on a two-step procedure. The first step identifies the sustainable practices available in the targeted\u0000 area, and in the second stage current entrepreneurial practices among the microentrepreneurs are investigated through interviews with the respondents to determine the accountability of those practices with sustainable heritage development in the study area. The findings of the study reflect\u0000 that there is a gap between the microentrepreneurship practices and the sustainable development in the study area. There is also a lack of policies and support from the side of governing bodies. Hence, the study puts forward the fact that despite several challenges, sustainable microentrepreneurship\u0000 can offer a potential solution to poverty alleviation in the Himalayan region of India. The economic benefits of sustainable micro-entrepreneurship are compelling, and its potential effects on the improvement of the overall lifestyle of stakeholders are equally promising.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43232630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3727/154427221x16098837280028
E. Kim, D. Chhabra, D. Timothy
As markets evolve in the era of the experience economy, experiences have become more meaningful and are an essential part of tourism. Several studies have found that higher expenditures are a positive outcome of a successful and satisfying tourism experience. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic potential of staged experiential offerings in a rural community: Wickenburg, Arizona, a typical western mining and ranching heritage community with a thriving tourism economy. A content analysis of the community's official tourism website and attraction websites, and an onsite survey of visitors are the primary data sources. The results indicate that somewhat moderate demand exists for experiential consumption. They also reiterate the crossover significance of emotional and cognitive attributes and support the cognitive theory of emotions. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge and suggests that emotional and cognitive aspects of experiential consumption should be considered simultaneously for their economic value.
{"title":"Economics of Experiential Consumption In a Rural Heritage Destination","authors":"E. Kim, D. Chhabra, D. Timothy","doi":"10.3727/154427221x16098837280028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16098837280028","url":null,"abstract":"As markets evolve in the era of the experience economy, experiences have become more meaningful and are an essential part of tourism. Several studies have found that higher expenditures are a positive outcome of a successful and satisfying tourism experience. The purpose of this study\u0000 is to examine the economic potential of staged experiential offerings in a rural community: Wickenburg, Arizona, a typical western mining and ranching heritage community with a thriving tourism economy. A content analysis of the community's official tourism website and attraction websites,\u0000 and an onsite survey of visitors are the primary data sources. The results indicate that somewhat moderate demand exists for experiential consumption. They also reiterate the crossover significance of emotional and cognitive attributes and support the cognitive theory of emotions. This study\u0000 contributes to the existing body of knowledge and suggests that emotional and cognitive aspects of experiential consumption should be considered simultaneously for their economic value.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43792919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3727/154427221x16098837280046
Susan Dupej, S. Nepal
The 2018 legalization of cannabis in Canada provides an opportunity within a federally legalized context to offer recreational and leisure experiences that incorporate the purchase, consumption, production, and education of cannabis. The establishment of cannabis tourism as a tolerated and increasingly widespread and socially significant practice under the frameworks of legalization and normalization challenges its association with deviance in the tourism literature. The purpose of this article to rethink cannabis tourism as an agent of normalization. In adopting cannabis as a resource, the tourism industry sets standards that become embedded in a broader context of social acceptance. Evidence from a study that documents cannabis tourism in Canada in the first few years following legalization is used to illustrate how tourism suppliers have adopted cannabis as a resource. This article contributes a qualitative assessment of normalization to the literature through an examination of both a database of cannabis tourism-related businesses and the narratives of suppliers in the cannabis tourism industry. Tourism is conceptualized as an agent of normalization by illustrating how it facilitates the accessibility and availability, everyday prevalence, increased tolerance, and social and cultural accommodation of cannabis.
{"title":"Tourism As an Agent of Cannabis Normalization: Perspectives from Canada","authors":"Susan Dupej, S. Nepal","doi":"10.3727/154427221x16098837280046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16098837280046","url":null,"abstract":"The 2018 legalization of cannabis in Canada provides an opportunity within a federally legalized context to offer recreational and leisure experiences that incorporate the purchase, consumption, production, and education of cannabis. The establishment of cannabis tourism as a tolerated\u0000 and increasingly widespread and socially significant practice under the frameworks of legalization and normalization challenges its association with deviance in the tourism literature. The purpose of this article to rethink cannabis tourism as an agent of normalization. In adopting cannabis\u0000 as a resource, the tourism industry sets standards that become embedded in a broader context of social acceptance. Evidence from a study that documents cannabis tourism in Canada in the first few years following legalization is used to illustrate how tourism suppliers have adopted cannabis\u0000 as a resource. This article contributes a qualitative assessment of normalization to the literature through an examination of both a database of cannabis tourism-related businesses and the narratives of suppliers in the cannabis tourism industry. Tourism is conceptualized as an agent of normalization\u0000 by illustrating how it facilitates the accessibility and availability, everyday prevalence, increased tolerance, and social and cultural accommodation of cannabis.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48092429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3727/154427221x16098837280055
Deidre M. Peroff, D. Morais, T. Wallace, E. Sills
This study examines how livelihood diversification through tourism microentrepreneurship may shape land stewardship among Mayan coffee farmers in Guatemala. Through a primarily qualitative approach assessing ecoliteracy and motivations towards environmental behaviors, data were collected among participants self-identifying as small-scale shade-grown coffee farmers involved in tourism microentrepreneurship in the community of San Juan la Laguna in Lake Atitlán, Guatemala. We found that, when facilitated through cooperatives, tourism microentrepreneurship and coffee farming jointly contributed to land stewardship and provided an opportunity for indigenous farmers to foster traditional relationships with the land.
{"title":"Tourism Microentrepreneurship and Land Stewardship In a Tz'utujil Mayan Coffee Community","authors":"Deidre M. Peroff, D. Morais, T. Wallace, E. Sills","doi":"10.3727/154427221x16098837280055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16098837280055","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how livelihood diversification through tourism microentrepreneurship may shape land stewardship among Mayan coffee farmers in Guatemala. Through a primarily qualitative approach assessing ecoliteracy and motivations towards environmental behaviors, data were collected\u0000 among participants self-identifying as small-scale shade-grown coffee farmers involved in tourism microentrepreneurship in the community of San Juan la Laguna in Lake Atitlán, Guatemala. We found that, when facilitated through cooperatives, tourism microentrepreneurship and coffee farming\u0000 jointly contributed to land stewardship and provided an opportunity for indigenous farmers to foster traditional relationships with the land.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47030543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.3727/154427221x16098837279994
L. S. Stone, M. T. Stone, Gyan P. Nyaupane
Tourism is often considered as a vehicle for community development and poverty alleviation and it is recognized as an off-farm activity that is key in generating revenue and providing employment for poor rural and urban residents and promoting economic growth in those communities. Community-based tourism has been advanced as a bottom-up strategy that encourages more just and equitable benefits for local communities to meet their household needs. Despite tourism's potentials in community development, this is a contested topic and needs both theoretical and applied research. This article provides an overview of tourism and community development research and offers future directions. With articles from across the globe, this special issue brings to the fore achievements as well as challenges experienced in different settings as different stakeholders engage in tourism with a view to develop host communities. Eleven articles published in the special issue highlight theoretical, practical, and policy implications and therefore have the potential to advance knowledge in the field. This volume contributes to the tourism and community development discourse by providing diverse theoretical and empirical pieces of research work that will provide knowledge, inform practitioners, community development planners, and policy makers in their efforts to assist destination communities, in both the Global North and the Global South, to use tourism resources and attractions in a sustainable manner to improve their livelihoods.
{"title":"The State of Tourism and Community Development Research and Future Directions","authors":"L. S. Stone, M. T. Stone, Gyan P. Nyaupane","doi":"10.3727/154427221x16098837279994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16098837279994","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is often considered as a vehicle for community development and poverty alleviation and it is recognized as an off-farm activity that is key in generating revenue and providing employment for poor rural and urban residents and promoting economic growth in those communities. Community-based\u0000 tourism has been advanced as a bottom-up strategy that encourages more just and equitable benefits for local communities to meet their household needs. Despite tourism's potentials in community development, this is a contested topic and needs both theoretical and applied research. This article\u0000 provides an overview of tourism and community development research and offers future directions. With articles from across the globe, this special issue brings to the fore achievements as well as challenges experienced in different settings as different stakeholders engage in tourism with\u0000 a view to develop host communities. Eleven articles published in the special issue highlight theoretical, practical, and policy implications and therefore have the potential to advance knowledge in the field. This volume contributes to the tourism and community development discourse by providing\u0000 diverse theoretical and empirical pieces of research work that will provide knowledge, inform practitioners, community development planners, and policy makers in their efforts to assist destination communities, in both the Global North and the Global South, to use tourism resources and attractions\u0000 in a sustainable manner to improve their livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42121205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.3727/154427220x16059054538773
W. Hambira, J. Saarinen, J. Atlhopheng, H. Manwa
Tourism is a key economic sector and tool for community development in most developing countries. However, climate change remains one of the major threats to this development. This is especially so for countries such as Botswana whose tourism industry is largely nature based, making it vulnerable to the effects of environmental change. Consequently, communities who rely on tourism to some extent are also vulnerable to global climate change and its local effects. The purpose of this article is to examine community perceptions with regards to the tourism–climate change nexus in Maun, a key tourism hub in Botswana and dependent on the tourism economy. Data collection was done by means of a household survey. Interestingly, the results showed that most local people do not perceive tourism highly as a source of income. In practice, they depended on other forms of livelihoods like formal employment and farming. Furthermore, even though they have noted some changes in the environment and climate, they generally did not know the resultant impacts despite acknowledging that the tourism industry is bound to be affected. The low awareness levels may lead to inaction, and hence a clarion call to decision makers to develop information and adaptation strategies for communities that host tourist attractions to ensure resilience to anticipated effects of global climate change.
{"title":"Climate Change, Tourism, and Community Development: Perceptions of Maun Residents, Botswana","authors":"W. Hambira, J. Saarinen, J. Atlhopheng, H. Manwa","doi":"10.3727/154427220x16059054538773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220x16059054538773","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is a key economic sector and tool for community development in most developing countries. However, climate change remains one of the major threats to this development. This is especially so for countries such as Botswana whose tourism industry is largely nature based, making\u0000 it vulnerable to the effects of environmental change. Consequently, communities who rely on tourism to some extent are also vulnerable to global climate change and its local effects. The purpose of this article is to examine community perceptions with regards to the tourism–climate change\u0000 nexus in Maun, a key tourism hub in Botswana and dependent on the tourism economy. Data collection was done by means of a household survey. Interestingly, the results showed that most local people do not perceive tourism highly as a source of income. In practice, they depended on other forms\u0000 of livelihoods like formal employment and farming. Furthermore, even though they have noted some changes in the environment and climate, they generally did not know the resultant impacts despite acknowledging that the tourism industry is bound to be affected. The low awareness levels may lead\u0000 to inaction, and hence a clarion call to decision makers to develop information and adaptation strategies for communities that host tourist attractions to ensure resilience to anticipated effects of global climate change.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46668037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.3727/154427221x16098837279985
Fiona N'Dower, G. Moscardo, Laurie Murphy
Many governments and NGOs have argued for using tourism, especially community-based tourism (CBT), as a development tool. While this tourism option is often described as more sustainable in terms of contributions to destination community well-being, there is only a limited understanding of the processes that actually underpin CBT and its outcomes in peripheral destinations. This article argues that one reason for this limited understanding is that research into CBT has typically been conducted from a Western perspective with little consideration given to historical and political contexts of colonization and disempowerment. This article reports on a research study that used an alternative, culturally appropriate research methodology with 12 rural PNG villages that had self-initiated CBT ventures and that specifically sought to give these village communities a voice in understanding how CBT can be developed to be one part of larger sustainable community development processes. Major findings included: a positive view of tourism as an additional source of income that fitted well with existing sustainable livelihoods; strong connection between development decisions and the core Melanesian values of clan identity, leadership, and support from elders, community cooperation and reciprocity in the successful maintenance of tourism activities; the need to manage the entire supply chain and not be limited by the actions and power of external tourism operators and agents; the need for education and training in many aspects of tourism to enhance entrepreneurial approaches and greater returns from the supply chain; and the challenge of gender issues.
{"title":"\"Tourism Brings Good Things\": Tourism and Community Development in Rural Papua New Guinea","authors":"Fiona N'Dower, G. Moscardo, Laurie Murphy","doi":"10.3727/154427221x16098837279985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16098837279985","url":null,"abstract":"Many governments and NGOs have argued for using tourism, especially community-based tourism (CBT), as a development tool. While this tourism option is often described as more sustainable in terms of contributions to destination community well-being, there is only a limited understanding\u0000 of the processes that actually underpin CBT and its outcomes in peripheral destinations. This article argues that one reason for this limited understanding is that research into CBT has typically been conducted from a Western perspective with little consideration given to historical and political\u0000 contexts of colonization and disempowerment. This article reports on a research study that used an alternative, culturally appropriate research methodology with 12 rural PNG villages that had self-initiated CBT ventures and that specifically sought to give these village communities a voice\u0000 in understanding how CBT can be developed to be one part of larger sustainable community development processes. Major findings included: a positive view of tourism as an additional source of income that fitted well with existing sustainable livelihoods; strong connection between development\u0000 decisions and the core Melanesian values of clan identity, leadership, and support from elders, community cooperation and reciprocity in the successful maintenance of tourism activities; the need to manage the entire supply chain and not be limited by the actions and power of external tourism\u0000 operators and agents; the need for education and training in many aspects of tourism to enhance entrepreneurial approaches and greater returns from the supply chain; and the challenge of gender issues.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49199440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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