Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15561098338295
J. Mgonja
This article reviews the nature of tourism education programs in Tanzania. The results reveal that tourism education in the country is a relatively recent phenomenon with the oldest program being offered in 2000. As such, the programs are still evolving and tend to reflect more entry-level training. Specifically, diplomas and certificates are the major credentials offered and no institution in the country offers a terminal degree in a tourism-related field (i.e., doctorate degree). Hence, doctoral education needs to be acquired outside the country, which can represent a meaningful constraint on the ability to efficiently and effectively train instructors. Given this review of tourism education programs in Tanzania, additional research is recommended to further examine the quality of the programs as well as to conduct a comparative analysis with other developing countries in the region.
{"title":"The Nature of Tourism Education Programs in Developing Countries: The Case of Tanzania","authors":"J. Mgonja","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15561098338295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15561098338295","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the nature of tourism education programs in Tanzania. The results reveal that tourism education in the country is a relatively recent phenomenon with the oldest program being offered in 2000. As such, the programs are still evolving and tend to reflect more entry-level\u0000 training. Specifically, diplomas and certificates are the major credentials offered and no institution in the country offers a terminal degree in a tourism-related field (i.e., doctorate degree). Hence, doctoral education needs to be acquired outside the country, which can represent a meaningful\u0000 constraint on the ability to efficiently and effectively train instructors. Given this review of tourism education programs in Tanzania, additional research is recommended to further examine the quality of the programs as well as to conduct a comparative analysis with other developing countries\u0000 in the region.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42137548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15561098338303
Tianyu Ying, Jun Wen, Hairong Shan
With the growth of cannabis tourism, destinations such as the Netherlands have begun to offer cannabis-related products and services to visitors, including tourists from countries where all drugs are strictly prohibited. Yet limited research has sought to understand cannabis-oriented tourists' efforts to neutralize deviant connotations, namely by justifying or rationalizing misbehavior, when deciding to participate in cannabis tourism. This research note proposes a framework of deviant consumption behavior (DCB) constructed of geographic shifting, self-identity shifting, and moral identity shifting from the perspective of cannabis-oriented tourists to delineate tourists' decision-making process around engaging in deviant behaviors. The proposed framework suggests that previously developed DCB frameworks in the marketing and consumer behavior literature should be adapted for use in outbound tourism research. This research note also highlights areas for debate and investigation regarding cannabis tourists' deviant behavior. Future research directions are provided based on the proposed framework as it applies to deviant tourism research.
{"title":"Is Cannabis Tourism Deviant? A Theoretical Perspective","authors":"Tianyu Ying, Jun Wen, Hairong Shan","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15561098338303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15561098338303","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth of cannabis tourism, destinations such as the Netherlands have begun to offer cannabis-related products and services to visitors, including tourists from countries where all drugs are strictly prohibited. Yet limited research has sought to understand cannabis-oriented\u0000 tourists' efforts to neutralize deviant connotations, namely by justifying or rationalizing misbehavior, when deciding to participate in cannabis tourism. This research note proposes a framework of deviant consumption behavior (DCB) constructed of geographic shifting, self-identity shifting,\u0000 and moral identity shifting from the perspective of cannabis-oriented tourists to delineate tourists' decision-making process around engaging in deviant behaviors. The proposed framework suggests that previously developed DCB frameworks in the marketing and consumer behavior literature should\u0000 be adapted for use in outbound tourism research. This research note also highlights areas for debate and investigation regarding cannabis tourists' deviant behavior. Future research directions are provided based on the proposed framework as it applies to deviant tourism research.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43022149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15561098338286
Chun-Chu Chen, Yao-Chin Wang
This research conducts a cross-cultural examination of leisure traveler's perceptions of travel importance, benefits, and constraints as predictors of travel behavior. Results from the both the US (n = 559) and Taiwanese (n = 500) samples indicate, as expected, that leisure travelers who perceive travel as more beneficial and important travel more frequently. Additionally, it was found that when people perceive a higher level of travel constraints, they naturally tend to consider leisure travel as less beneficial and important, which serves to reduce leisure travel. Whereas these relationships were both significant across both samples, the Taiwanese sample was shown to have a more favorable view of leisure travel and, therefore, tended to travel more frequently. These findings would appear to have meaningful theoretical and managerial implications for the tourism and lodging industries.
{"title":"Perceptions of Travel Importance, Benefits, and Constraints in Predicting Travel Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Leisure Travel","authors":"Chun-Chu Chen, Yao-Chin Wang","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15561098338286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15561098338286","url":null,"abstract":"This research conducts a cross-cultural examination of leisure traveler's perceptions of travel importance, benefits, and constraints as predictors of travel behavior. Results from the both the US (n = 559) and Taiwanese (n = 500) samples indicate, as expected, that leisure\u0000 travelers who perceive travel as more beneficial and important travel more frequently. Additionally, it was found that when people perceive a higher level of travel constraints, they naturally tend to consider leisure travel as less beneficial and important, which serves to reduce leisure\u0000 travel. Whereas these relationships were both significant across both samples, the Taiwanese sample was shown to have a more favorable view of leisure travel and, therefore, tended to travel more frequently. These findings would appear to have meaningful theoretical and managerial implications\u0000 for the tourism and lodging industries.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43874744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15561098338312
Hongbo Liu, Xiang Li, K. Tan
Building on Li and Petrick's earlier work, this study applies the investment model to a destination context. Specifically, this study proposes that tourist satisfaction, perceived investment in a destination, and perceived quality of alternatives can be used to explain tourist loyalty to a destination. An alternative approach that indirectly measures quality of alternatives is proposed and compared against the direct approach used by other researchers. The proposed relationships were tested through an online panel, surveying American travelers on their perceptions of a southeastern US state as a vacation destination. Results provide empirical evidence to (i) support the use of an investment model as a theoretical foundation to explain destination loyalty and (ii) show that the indirect measure of quality of alternatives is more robust than the direct measure employed in this study. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
{"title":"What Determines Destination Loyalty? Revisiting the Investment Model in a Destination Context","authors":"Hongbo Liu, Xiang Li, K. Tan","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15561098338312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15561098338312","url":null,"abstract":"Building on Li and Petrick's earlier work, this study applies the investment model to a destination context. Specifically, this study proposes that tourist satisfaction, perceived investment in a destination, and perceived quality of alternatives can be used to explain tourist loyalty\u0000 to a destination. An alternative approach that indirectly measures quality of alternatives is proposed and compared against the direct approach used by other researchers. The proposed relationships were tested through an online panel, surveying American travelers on their perceptions of a\u0000 southeastern US state as a vacation destination. Results provide empirical evidence to (i) support the use of an investment model as a theoretical foundation to explain destination loyalty and (ii) show that the indirect measure of quality of alternatives is more robust than the direct measure\u0000 employed in this study. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47570705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15656150709479
Danqing Liu, Catherine R. Curtis, R. Upchurch
Studies concerning adoption of wind energy tourism is growing in interest for academic researchers; however, the body of knowledge surrounding consumer adoption of wind farming as a tourism experience is still in its infancy. The enclosed study tests the applicability of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) using that model's core constructs of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, subjective norms, and attitude measurements are predictors of action. The reported sample consisted of 287 Chinese residents who had visited China's Ningbo wind farm facility. By application of the factor analysis procedure, it was determined that behavioral beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms control, and normative beliefs exerted an interactive effect on resident intent to visit the Ningbo wind farm for recreational purposes. The prevailing message is that the need for social bonding, normative influences exerted by peers comprising environmental consciousness, and curiosity associated with the science behind wind farm technology serve as primary drivers of interest in wind farming for recreational purposes.
{"title":"The Evolving Field of Wind Energy Tourism: An Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action","authors":"Danqing Liu, Catherine R. Curtis, R. Upchurch","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15656150709479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15656150709479","url":null,"abstract":"Studies concerning adoption of wind energy tourism is growing in interest for academic researchers; however, the body of knowledge surrounding consumer adoption of wind farming as a tourism experience is still in its infancy. The enclosed study tests the applicability of the Theory\u0000 of Reasoned Action (TRA) using that model's core constructs of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, subjective norms, and attitude measurements are predictors of action. The reported sample consisted of 287 Chinese residents who had visited China's Ningbo wind farm facility. By application\u0000 of the factor analysis procedure, it was determined that behavioral beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms control, and normative beliefs exerted an interactive effect on resident intent to visit the Ningbo wind farm for recreational purposes. The prevailing message is that the need for social\u0000 bonding, normative influences exerted by peers comprising environmental consciousness, and curiosity associated with the science behind wind farm technology serve as primary drivers of interest in wind farming for recreational purposes.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43353510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15561098338349
Kenneth R. Bartkus, S. W. Litvin
Developing meaningful names for government units that promote tourism can serve to facilitate more efficient identification by interested others. While the process would appear to be relatively intuitive (i.e., use of descriptive/suggestive identifiers), the results of this study reveal that the names used for official US state/commonwealth units responsible for administrating and promoting tourism-related commerce to businesses and visitors do not always include tourism-related identifiers. First, the review of inward-facing units (i.e., administrative units responsible for promoting business commerce in tourism) reveals that some of the states/commonwealths do not appear to use names that clearly identify the unit as tourism related. Second, the review of outward-facing units (the official state/commonwealth websites dedicated to promoting tourism to visitors) reveal that some of the domain names either do not reflect a clear tourism focus and/or may be difficult to interpret. To mitigate potential interpretational issues with the names, it is recommended that administrators consider the use of descriptive/suggestive names that more clearly identify the unit as tourism related.
{"title":"Inward- and Outward-Facing Governmental Tourism Units in the United States: A Content Analysis of Names Used by States and Commonwealths","authors":"Kenneth R. Bartkus, S. W. Litvin","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15561098338349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15561098338349","url":null,"abstract":"Developing meaningful names for government units that promote tourism can serve to facilitate more efficient identification by interested others. While the process would appear to be relatively intuitive (i.e., use of descriptive/suggestive identifiers), the results of this study reveal\u0000 that the names used for official US state/commonwealth units responsible for administrating and promoting tourism-related commerce to businesses and visitors do not always include tourism-related identifiers. First, the review of inward-facing units (i.e., administrative units responsible\u0000 for promoting business commerce in tourism) reveals that some of the states/commonwealths do not appear to use names that clearly identify the unit as tourism related. Second, the review of outward-facing units (the official state/commonwealth websites dedicated to promoting tourism to visitors)\u0000 reveal that some of the domain names either do not reflect a clear tourism focus and/or may be difficult to interpret. To mitigate potential interpretational issues with the names, it is recommended that administrators consider the use of descriptive/suggestive names that more clearly identify\u0000 the unit as tourism related.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48803486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15664122692155
N. Wakelin-Theron, W. Ukpere, J. Spowart
The tourism industry requires that increasing attention be paid not only to the quality of products and services but also to the quality of the human resources that constitute one of its major assets, since tourism is essentially a people-centered service industry. As such, a high-quality skilled workforce will ensure greater competitiveness and innovation, improved job prospects, repeat tourist visits, and economic growth in South Africa. This study aims to establish how tourism graduates perceived their abilities in terms of knowledge and skills and how the tourism industry evaluated tourism graduates' actual abilities in terms of knowledge and skills within the tourism industry. The researchers adopted a sequential, explanatory mixed-method that entails combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The researchers conducted a quantitative survey of a purposive sample of 561 managers, supervisors, and owners of tourism industry establishments, as well as tourism graduates exposed to the industry and those working in the tourism industry. Semistructured interviews were also conducted with 12 participants who were purposively selected. This study found that the tourism industry experiences graduates as being comfortable with technology, having a professional appearance, as well as outgoing—their three top actual abilities. However, graduates were perceived to lack entrepreneurial skills. In addition, work experience, negotiation skills, and career planning were among the lowest ranked actual abilities of tourism graduates. Actual knowledge and skills gaps indicate a lack of the educational expertise required, as it underpins the curriculum in a tourism qualification and adds extensive value to the tourism industry when recruiting, training, and developing staff.
{"title":"Attributes of Tourism Graduates: Comparison Between Employers' Evaluation and Graduates' Perceptions","authors":"N. Wakelin-Theron, W. Ukpere, J. Spowart","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15664122692155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15664122692155","url":null,"abstract":"The tourism industry requires that increasing attention be paid not only to the quality of products and services but also to the quality of the human resources that constitute one of its major assets, since tourism is essentially a people-centered service industry. As such, a high-quality\u0000 skilled workforce will ensure greater competitiveness and innovation, improved job prospects, repeat tourist visits, and economic growth in South Africa. This study aims to establish how tourism graduates perceived their abilities in terms of knowledge and skills and how the tourism industry\u0000 evaluated tourism graduates' actual abilities in terms of knowledge and skills within the tourism industry. The researchers adopted a sequential, explanatory mixed-method that entails combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The researchers conducted a quantitative survey of a purposive\u0000 sample of 561 managers, supervisors, and owners of tourism industry establishments, as well as tourism graduates exposed to the industry and those working in the tourism industry. Semistructured interviews were also conducted with 12 participants who were purposively selected. This study found\u0000 that the tourism industry experiences graduates as being comfortable with technology, having a professional appearance, as well as outgoing—their three top actual abilities. However, graduates were perceived to lack entrepreneurial skills. In addition, work experience, negotiation skills,\u0000 and career planning were among the lowest ranked actual abilities of tourism graduates. Actual knowledge and skills gaps indicate a lack of the educational expertise required, as it underpins the curriculum in a tourism qualification and adds extensive value to the tourism industry when recruiting,\u0000 training, and developing staff.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3727/154427219x15664122692155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69745892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.3727/154427218x15410074029625
Yao-Chin Wang, Chunchun Chen, Yueh-Hsiu Lin, C. Ryan
The theory of guanxi, coming from the work in Chinese psychology, has been widely applied in marketing and management academy. Although tourism scholars have paid considerable attention to Chinese tourists, the use of Chinese psychology in explaining the market remains limited. The purpose of this study is to apply guanxi in explaining Chinese tourists' destination loyalty using Taiwan as a case study of a tourist destination. Based on the guanxi theory, the study results showed that cognitive image, affective image, and perceived value exerted positive influences on destination loyalty. Further, sentiment, one dimension of cognitive image, appears to play a determining role for Mainland Chinese tourists to establish guanxi with Taiwan.
{"title":"The Role of Guanxi in Chinese Tourists' Destination Loyalty","authors":"Yao-Chin Wang, Chunchun Chen, Yueh-Hsiu Lin, C. Ryan","doi":"10.3727/154427218x15410074029625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218x15410074029625","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of guanxi, coming from the work in Chinese psychology, has been widely applied in marketing and management academy. Although tourism scholars have paid considerable attention to Chinese tourists, the use of Chinese psychology in explaining the market remains limited. The\u0000 purpose of this study is to apply guanxi in explaining Chinese tourists' destination loyalty using Taiwan as a case study of a tourist destination. Based on the guanxi theory, the study results showed that cognitive image, affective image, and perceived value exerted positive influences on\u0000 destination loyalty. Further, sentiment, one dimension of cognitive image, appears to play a determining role for Mainland Chinese tourists to establish guanxi with Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47395570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.3727/154427218X15369305779010
Alberto Amore, G. Prayag, C. Hall
The concept of resilience has gained momentum in current tourism research, yet there are still flaws and discrepancies between the many notions applied in the field. These limitations are further evident when we focus on tourist destinations. The aim of this article is to advance the conceptualization of destination resilience through a multilevel perspective (MLP) that frames landscape, regime, niche, and actors as integrated elements of the tourism system. The resulting framework encompasses ecological, socioecological, sociopolitical, socioeconomic, and sociotechnological dimensions reflecting the embeddedness of resilience among heterogeneous and potentially complementary destination stakeholders. It is argued that the use of the MLP advances the understanding of tourism destination planning, particularly in contexts coping with gradual as well as drastic changes due to both demand fluctuations and supply-side disturbances.
{"title":"Conceptualizing Destination Resilience From a Multilevel Perspective","authors":"Alberto Amore, G. Prayag, C. Hall","doi":"10.3727/154427218X15369305779010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218X15369305779010","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of resilience has gained momentum in current tourism research, yet there are still flaws and discrepancies between the many notions applied in the field. These limitations are further evident when we focus on tourist destinations. The aim of this article is to advance the\u0000 conceptualization of destination resilience through a multilevel perspective (MLP) that frames landscape, regime, niche, and actors as integrated elements of the tourism system. The resulting framework encompasses ecological, socioecological, sociopolitical, socioeconomic, and sociotechnological\u0000 dimensions reflecting the embeddedness of resilience among heterogeneous and potentially complementary destination stakeholders. It is argued that the use of the MLP advances the understanding of tourism destination planning, particularly in contexts coping with gradual as well as drastic\u0000 changes due to both demand fluctuations and supply-side disturbances.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3727/154427218X15369305779010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.3727/154427218X15410074029616
Jeremy L. Sage, N. Nickerson, Z. Miller, Alex Ocanas, Jennifer M. Thomsen
In 2017, the US National Park Service faced a nearly $12 billion maintenance backlog. To address this backlog, they announced plans to increase entrance fees in 17 of the most visited parks. As fees are a component of the travel cost, we consider price change effects on demand for park entry. Demand for the 17 parks is shown to be inelastic. Recognizing that spending in gateway communities is complementary to national park visitation, we use Yellowstone National Park as a case study on entrance fee increase effects on gateway communities. We estimate a $3.4 million annual loss in gateway community spending by visitors as a result of reduced visitation by those visitors who choose not to purchase a 7-day pass. Acknowledging the diminishing effect of the fee increase on travel costs, we further explore alternative means of structuring fees based on examples of other countries.
{"title":"The Complementary Effect of National Park Fee Increases on Visitor Spending in Gateway Communities","authors":"Jeremy L. Sage, N. Nickerson, Z. Miller, Alex Ocanas, Jennifer M. Thomsen","doi":"10.3727/154427218X15410074029616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218X15410074029616","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, the US National Park Service faced a nearly $12 billion maintenance backlog. To address this backlog, they announced plans to increase entrance fees in 17 of the most visited parks. As fees are a component of the travel cost, we consider price change effects on demand\u0000 for park entry. Demand for the 17 parks is shown to be inelastic. Recognizing that spending in gateway communities is complementary to national park visitation, we use Yellowstone National Park as a case study on entrance fee increase effects on gateway communities. We estimate a $3.4\u0000 million annual loss in gateway community spending by visitors as a result of reduced visitation by those visitors who choose not to purchase a 7-day pass. Acknowledging the diminishing effect of the fee increase on travel costs, we further explore alternative means of structuring fees based\u0000 on examples of other countries.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44464098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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