Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382840
Charbel Bassil, Georges Harb, Roula Al Daia
We undertake a systematic literature review that looks at the economic effects of tourism at subnational levels. This review, the first of its kind to our knowledge, is timely in view of the growing body of research investigating the economic impact of tourism at subnational levels. Moreover, given the role of tourism as a regional development tool, this review would be of particular interest to policymakers. Our selection process, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, results in 60 papers forming the basis of the review. The latter first presents the key features of the literature and synthesizes its main findings. Then it provides an assessment of the literature by i) highlighting underresearched countries and topics, and suggesting themes for future research, and ii) recommending empirical strategies to be adopted by researchers that would better reflect the economic repercussions of tourism at subnational level. All in all, our review synthesizes the research done so far and outlines some venues that could be part of the future research agenda.
{"title":"The Economic Impact of Tourism at Regional Level: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Charbel Bassil, Georges Harb, Roula Al Daia","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382840","url":null,"abstract":"We undertake a systematic literature review that looks at the economic effects of tourism at subnational levels. This review, the first of its kind to our knowledge, is timely in view of the growing body of research investigating the economic impact of tourism at subnational levels. Moreover, given the role of tourism as a regional development tool, this review would be of particular interest to policymakers. Our selection process, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, results in 60 papers forming the basis of the review. The latter first presents the key features of the literature and synthesizes its main findings. Then it provides an assessment of the literature by i) highlighting underresearched countries and topics, and suggesting themes for future research, and ii) recommending empirical strategies to be adopted by researchers that would better reflect the economic repercussions of tourism at subnational level. All in all, our review synthesizes the research done so far and outlines some venues that could be part of the future research agenda.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"7 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382822
Yaron Salman
This article considers the link between tourism and classic diplomacy as a field of study and policy. The article focuses on the contribution of tourism to the strengthening of bilateral relations between governments, through analysis of Israeli–Tanzanian relations as a crucial case study. Thus, in addition to the literature that focuses on people-to-people diplomacy and tourism, this article highlights the role that tourism plays in strengthening diplomatic relations between states. Tourism is positioned within the broader context of economic diplomacy, and the interrelationships between tourism and diplomacy—theoretically and practically—are examined. This article finds that tourism is an important tool for promoting bilateral relations between governments in the context of classic diplomacy.
{"title":"Tourism and Classic Diplomacy: the Case of Strengthening Israeli–tanzanian Bilateral Relations","authors":"Yaron Salman","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382822","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the link between tourism and classic diplomacy as a field of study and policy. The article focuses on the contribution of tourism to the strengthening of bilateral relations between governments, through analysis of Israeli–Tanzanian relations as a crucial\u0000 case study. Thus, in addition to the literature that focuses on people-to-people diplomacy and tourism, this article highlights the role that tourism plays in strengthening diplomatic relations between states. Tourism is positioned within the broader context of economic diplomacy, and the\u0000 interrelationships between tourism and diplomacy—theoretically and practically—are examined. This article finds that tourism is an important tool for promoting bilateral relations between governments in the context of classic diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45551943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x1671726538283
Jason Draper, A. DeFranco
The COVID-19 pandemic had and continues to have profound effects on the travel industry, creating many risks and unknowns, especially for international travel. Using consumer risk theory and protection motivation theory as a framework, this study explores the relationships between international travel plans in 2023 and 2024–2025 and the likelihood of purchasing travel insurance (i. e., cancellation/interruption, emergency medical, baggage) with a sample of 1,264 US residents. Travel companion(s) and household income are examined as potential moderators and travel risk and sufficient household income as mediators. Results reveal a likelihood to purchase all three travel insurance types, and travelers are twice as likely to buy insurance for international travel for 2024–2025 compared to 2023. Likelihood to purchase travel insurance is also influenced by travel risk and having sufficient financial resources where sufficient financial resources partially mediates the relationships in question. Results suggest a new era of travel where risk is inherent and if travelers have sufficient financial resources, they will purchase travel insurance to mitigate risks of potentially suffering financial losses. This is a new finding with implications for the travel insurance industry, which should find ways to partner with travel providers, such as wholesalers and group tours, to offer insurance to international travelers. Although COVID-19 has been downgraded, other diseases are surfacing (e. g., monkeypox), leaving public health an important consideration. This and subsequent research will remain important to monitor how other outbreaks and risks impact the travel industry and travelers' methods to protect themselves.
{"title":"International Travel and Insurance Purchase: the Role of Traveling Companion, Household Income, Travel Risk, and Sufficient Financial Resources on this Relationship","authors":"Jason Draper, A. DeFranco","doi":"10.3727/154427223x1671726538283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x1671726538283","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic had and continues to have profound effects on the travel industry, creating many risks and unknowns, especially for international travel. Using consumer risk theory and protection motivation theory as a framework, this study explores the relationships between international\u0000 travel plans in 2023 and 2024–2025 and the likelihood of purchasing travel insurance (i. e., cancellation/interruption, emergency medical, baggage) with a sample of 1,264 US residents. Travel companion(s) and household income are examined as potential moderators and travel risk and sufficient\u0000 household income as mediators. Results reveal a likelihood to purchase all three travel insurance types, and travelers are twice as likely to buy insurance for international travel for 2024–2025 compared to 2023. Likelihood to purchase travel insurance is also influenced by travel risk\u0000 and having sufficient financial resources where sufficient financial resources partially mediates the relationships in question. Results suggest a new era of travel where risk is inherent and if travelers have sufficient financial resources, they will purchase travel insurance to mitigate\u0000 risks of potentially suffering financial losses. This is a new finding with implications for the travel insurance industry, which should find ways to partner with travel providers, such as wholesalers and group tours, to offer insurance to international travelers. Although COVID-19 has been\u0000 downgraded, other diseases are surfacing (e. g., monkeypox), leaving public health an important consideration. This and subsequent research will remain important to monitor how other outbreaks and risks impact the travel industry and travelers' methods to protect themselves.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49360697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382769
Juha Saunavaara, Mari Partanen, Masato Tanaka, T. Fukuyama
This study focuses on local ice-breaking tourism initiatives in Kemi (Finland), Mombetsu (Japan), and Abashiri (Japan). It adds to research on winter and cruise tourism and analyzes multiscalar challenges—ranging from the global warming and COVID-19 pandemic to dependency on local governmental support—threatening the future of tourism dependent on frozen maritime conditions and vulnerable to changing climate conditions. As the case study cities have invested significantly in tourism built around the uncontrollable natural phenomenon, changes in this industry can lead to substantial spillover effects in the surrounding communities. This qualitative comparative research is based on extensive fieldwork and utilizes the concept of resilience to discuss the means of responding to existing and predicted disturbances. The results of this study show that the recent adaptation and resiliency-building strategies have focused on searching for alternative use of old, new, and renovated ice-breaking vessels, attraction of new types of (often domestic) visitors, and development of activities and facilities that are less sensitive to seasonal variation and climate change. While introducing new local ideas concerning ecological and educational tourism, e-tourism, and community-oriented tourism, this article contributes to the understanding of resilience-building processes in tourism.
{"title":"Ice-Breaking Tourism and Local Resilience Building","authors":"Juha Saunavaara, Mari Partanen, Masato Tanaka, T. Fukuyama","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382769","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on local ice-breaking tourism initiatives in Kemi (Finland), Mombetsu (Japan), and Abashiri (Japan). It adds to research on winter and cruise tourism and analyzes multiscalar challenges—ranging from the global warming and COVID-19 pandemic to dependency on local\u0000 governmental support—threatening the future of tourism dependent on frozen maritime conditions and vulnerable to changing climate conditions. As the case study cities have invested significantly in tourism built around the uncontrollable natural phenomenon, changes in this industry can\u0000 lead to substantial spillover effects in the surrounding communities. This qualitative comparative research is based on extensive fieldwork and utilizes the concept of resilience to discuss the means of responding to existing and predicted disturbances. The results of this study show that\u0000 the recent adaptation and resiliency-building strategies have focused on searching for alternative use of old, new, and renovated ice-breaking vessels, attraction of new types of (often domestic) visitors, and development of activities and facilities that are less sensitive to seasonal variation\u0000 and climate change. While introducing new local ideas concerning ecological and educational tourism, e-tourism, and community-oriented tourism, this article contributes to the understanding of resilience-building processes in tourism.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49328452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382741
Regis Musavengane, Erisher Woyo, Wilfreda I. Chawarura
Distressed destinations have distinctive exogenous factors influencing the survival of small to medium enterprises during and postcrisis. Using COVID-19-induced crisis cases in a distressed nation, this study interrogates the underpinnings for the survival and failure of small and medium tourism enterprises during a crisis. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and a critical instance case study research design where interviews were used to obtain data from small and medium enterprise owners. Responses from participants were analyzed through thematic analysis. From the study, it emerged that the major survival nodes include strong political connections, social capital, lack of policy enforcement, and chaotic currency system and facility conversion to suit the prevailing environment. A framework that gives small and medium enterprises insights and tools to manage their businesses during a severe crisis operating environment is proposed. The article narrows the gap in crisis management and resilience literature of small to medium enterprises in developing countries.
{"title":"Crisis Management and Resilience of Small to Medium Tourism Enterprises in a Distressed Destination","authors":"Regis Musavengane, Erisher Woyo, Wilfreda I. Chawarura","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382741","url":null,"abstract":"Distressed destinations have distinctive exogenous factors influencing the survival of small to medium enterprises during and postcrisis. Using COVID-19-induced crisis cases in a distressed nation, this study interrogates the underpinnings for the survival and failure of small and medium\u0000 tourism enterprises during a crisis. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and a critical instance case study research design where interviews were used to obtain data from small and medium enterprise owners. Responses from participants were analyzed through thematic analysis.\u0000 From the study, it emerged that the major survival nodes include strong political connections, social capital, lack of policy enforcement, and chaotic currency system and facility conversion to suit the prevailing environment. A framework that gives small and medium enterprises insights and\u0000 tools to manage their businesses during a severe crisis operating environment is proposed. The article narrows the gap in crisis management and resilience literature of small to medium enterprises in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42914444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382750
Susan Weidmann
In fright tourism, an unusual combination of human emotions such as fun and fear are experienced by tourists through activities such as haunted house visits and ghost tours. This study explores advertising materials for fright tourism attractions, including how business owners design them, and how potential visitors respond to them. The study aimed to examine how fright tourism attractions use text and images to convey the emotions customers may experience at the attraction, and affective response generated in visitors to these advertising materials, specifically tourist brochures. Data were obtained through interviews with business owners of fright tourism attractions and focus groups of potential visitors to discuss fright tourism advertising brochure design, and determine what affective responses were intended and subsequently generated (or not) by the tourism brochures. Findings from the research include that emotions and feelings are ambiguous terms that are often used interchangeably, and generic horror imagery is often used to communicate emotions through fright tourism brochures; however, perceptions of horror are highly subjective. This study helps broaden our understanding of the emotions experienced at fright tourism attractions, and how those emotions can be communicated through advertising materials.
{"title":"\". . . If We Don't Scare You, You're Already Dead!\": A Study of Imagery and Language Used on Fright Tourism Advertising","authors":"Susan Weidmann","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382750","url":null,"abstract":"In fright tourism, an unusual combination of human emotions such as fun and fear are experienced by tourists through activities such as haunted house visits and ghost tours. This study explores advertising materials for fright tourism attractions, including how business owners design\u0000 them, and how potential visitors respond to them. The study aimed to examine how fright tourism attractions use text and images to convey the emotions customers may experience at the attraction, and affective response generated in visitors to these advertising materials, specifically tourist\u0000 brochures. Data were obtained through interviews with business owners of fright tourism attractions and focus groups of potential visitors to discuss fright tourism advertising brochure design, and determine what affective responses were intended and subsequently generated (or not) by the\u0000 tourism brochures. Findings from the research include that emotions and feelings are ambiguous terms that are often used interchangeably, and generic horror imagery is often used to communicate emotions through fright tourism brochures; however, perceptions of horror are highly subjective.\u0000 This study helps broaden our understanding of the emotions experienced at fright tourism attractions, and how those emotions can be communicated through advertising materials.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44186826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382796
M. Martins, Paulo Mourão, Rui Augustoda Costa
Described as a group of independent travelers with flexible itineraries and without substantial time constraints, backpackers constitute one of the tourist segments that has drawn the attention of many researchers around the world. However, little is known about how this segment of travelers behaves in destinations from a space–time perspective. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of the order and visit length on backpackers' space–time behavior in an urban world heritage destination. Using geographic information system (GIS) software, the sequence and the length of the visit were identified. To analyze the order of the places visited, we used the ordered logit method and to study the duration dimension a multivariate equation, estimated by OLS with heteroskedasticity robust errors, was selected. The results showed that no variable in particular influences the order of the places visited in any of the parishes simultaneously, reinforcing the underlying randomness in relation to the order in which destination parishes are visited. Length of stay is mostly influenced by factors related to mobility conditions as well as factors exogenous to tourists' decision-making capacity.
{"title":"Backpackers' Order and Visit Length in an Urban World Heritage Destination: an Analysis Using Ordered Logit and Linear Models","authors":"M. Martins, Paulo Mourão, Rui Augustoda Costa","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382796","url":null,"abstract":"Described as a group of independent travelers with flexible itineraries and without substantial time constraints, backpackers constitute one of the tourist segments that has drawn the attention of many researchers around the world. However, little is known about how this segment of\u0000 travelers behaves in destinations from a space–time perspective. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of the order and visit length on backpackers' space–time behavior in an urban world heritage destination. Using geographic information system (GIS) software, the\u0000 sequence and the length of the visit were identified. To analyze the order of the places visited, we used the ordered logit method and to study the duration dimension a multivariate equation, estimated by OLS with heteroskedasticity robust errors, was selected. The results showed that no variable\u0000 in particular influences the order of the places visited in any of the parishes simultaneously, reinforcing the underlying randomness in relation to the order in which destination parishes are visited. Length of stay is mostly influenced by factors related to mobility conditions as well as\u0000 factors exogenous to tourists' decision-making capacity.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43736373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382787
J. Holland
Port development has been dominated by complex and often unequal power relations. This study explores the tangled relationship between ports, host communities, and cruise companies by examining the contested nature of the pier expansion at Icy Strait Point, Alaska. This study collected data based on a keyword search of existing texts from multiple sources to better understand the impacts of tourism development on the local community and X'una Kaawu. Thematic analysis revealed key findings of power, access and exclusion, and the shifting Indigenous focus and commodification of X'una Kaawu culture. The blue economy is used as a framework to critically examine the pier expansion and provides a unique theoretical approach for examining tourism development at a cruise port. This study provides a practical contribution by identifying challenges for port communities when attempting to balance social and economic opportunities with development as a cruise destination and a theoretical contribution by adding to the literature on Indigenous tourism and cruise port development. Icy Strait Point is a successful Indigenous tourism destination in Alaska, but the implications of further development highlight the difficulties facing the local community and the need to address power imbalances.
{"title":"Going Against the \"floe\": the Intersection of Power, Culture, and Community at Icy Strait Point, Alaska","authors":"J. Holland","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382787","url":null,"abstract":"Port development has been dominated by complex and often unequal power relations. This study explores the tangled relationship between ports, host communities, and cruise companies by examining the contested nature of the pier expansion at Icy Strait Point, Alaska. This study collected\u0000 data based on a keyword search of existing texts from multiple sources to better understand the impacts of tourism development on the local community and X'una Kaawu. Thematic analysis revealed key findings of power, access and exclusion, and the shifting Indigenous focus and commodification\u0000 of X'una Kaawu culture. The blue economy is used as a framework to critically examine the pier expansion and provides a unique theoretical approach for examining tourism development at a cruise port. This study provides a practical contribution by identifying challenges for port communities\u0000 when attempting to balance social and economic opportunities with development as a cruise destination and a theoretical contribution by adding to the literature on Indigenous tourism and cruise port development. Icy Strait Point is a successful Indigenous tourism destination in Alaska, but\u0000 the implications of further development highlight the difficulties facing the local community and the need to address power imbalances.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48057616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16819417821697
Thi Viet Phuong Dang, Q. Phan
Vietnam has a diversity of ethnic minorities that participate in tourism enterprises. Despite genderbias, women play significant roles in this process. Using a case study approach, our aim was to examinesocial capital and cultural construction that occurs when ethnic women perform tourism-relatedwork. Onsite observation, followed by in-depth interviews and document analysis were conducted ata farmstay and a community-based tourism development in rural Vietnam. Social capital consistedof bonding that emerged during the start-up phase and with individuals who acted independently,whereas bridging was evidenced through relationships between government and people. Acquisitionof social capital is crucial if impoverished individuals want to improve their status in life. However,upward mobility must be balanced against ethnic/cultural identity and tourism revenue, especiallyduring the post-COVID-19 era. This research contributes to the scant literature on empowering marginalizedindividuals and groups who work at rural tourism destinations across Asia Pacific.
{"title":"Ethnic Minority Women and Tourism Development in Vietnam: Revisiting Social Capital and Cultural Construction","authors":"Thi Viet Phuong Dang, Q. Phan","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16819417821697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16819417821697","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam has a diversity of ethnic minorities that participate in tourism enterprises. Despite genderbias, women play significant roles in this process. Using a case study approach, our aim was to examinesocial capital and cultural construction that occurs when ethnic women perform tourism-relatedwork. Onsite observation, followed by in-depth interviews and document analysis were conducted ata farmstay and a community-based tourism development in rural Vietnam. Social capital consistedof bonding that emerged during the start-up phase and with individuals who acted independently,whereas bridging was evidenced through relationships between government and people. Acquisitionof social capital is crucial if impoverished individuals want to improve their status in life. However,upward mobility must be balanced against ethnic/cultural identity and tourism revenue, especiallyduring the post-COVID-19 era. This research contributes to the scant literature on empowering marginalizedindividuals and groups who work at rural tourism destinations across Asia Pacific.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69747006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16819417821741
Pimtong Tavitiyaman, Xinyan Zhang, Hailin Qu
This research explored tourists’ perceptions of the relationships among smart tourism technologies (STTs), cocreation experience, and overall destination image and further examined the interaction between cultural differences and the duration of information search on STTs. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and distributed to target samples of international tourists who visited Hong Kong. A total of 1,469 respondents participated in the study. Results showed that the STTs of smart sightseeing, smart traffic, and smart e-commerce positively enhanced tourists’ cocreation experience and consequently improved their overall destination image. The interaction of cultural differences (i.e., Asian tourists had more positive perceptions than Western tourists) and duration of information search (i.e., 2–4 hr of information search) was significant in the e-tour map and mobile payment attributes. Promoting a destination as a friendly STT destination via smart sightseeing, smart traffic, and smart e-commerce can establish a memorable experience during on-site traveling and, consequently, enhance the overall destination image. Cultural differences between Asian and Western tourists and the duration of information search distinguish the experience with STTs. These factors must be considered when initiating destination marketing plans.
{"title":"Impact of Smart Tourism Technologies on the Overall Destination Image: Interaction Between Cultural Difference and Information Search","authors":"Pimtong Tavitiyaman, Xinyan Zhang, Hailin Qu","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16819417821741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16819417821741","url":null,"abstract":"This research explored tourists’ perceptions of the relationships among smart tourism technologies (STTs), cocreation experience, and overall destination image and further examined the interaction between cultural differences and the duration of information search on STTs. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and distributed to target samples of international tourists who visited Hong Kong. A total of 1,469 respondents participated in the study. Results showed that the STTs of smart sightseeing, smart traffic, and smart e-commerce positively enhanced tourists’ cocreation experience and consequently improved their overall destination image. The interaction of cultural differences (i.e., Asian tourists had more positive perceptions than Western tourists) and duration of information search (i.e., 2–4 hr of information search) was significant in the e-tour map and mobile payment attributes. Promoting a destination as a friendly STT destination via smart sightseeing, smart traffic, and smart e-commerce can establish a memorable experience during on-site traveling and, consequently, enhance the overall destination image. Cultural differences between Asian and Western tourists and the duration of information search distinguish the experience with STTs. These factors must be considered when initiating destination marketing plans.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135550404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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