Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.3727/194344224x17065495994387
Hengameh Ghanavati, Núria Gal??, María D. De-Juan-Vigaray
In tourism, cocreation is a bilateral relationship between tourists and tourism providers to enhance tourists’ experiences. In this sense, tour guides as tourism providers cocreate experiences and play an essential role in tourists’ encounters through heritage interpretation. Among tourism providers, tour guides, through guided tours, can be considered a facilitator and a mediator of cocreative experiences. Therefore, this study explores ways to offer cocreative heritage tourism experiences through interpretation, highlighting their function as brokers within the framework of Weiler and Black’s Experience Broker Theory. The methodology employed combined in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 tour guides, and direct observation of 10 guided tours at the Royal Mosque of Isfahan. The study underscores the role of tour guides in creating a profound spiritual experience for tourists. This research demonstrates the importance of tailored interpretive strategies in enhancing tourists’ cognitive and emotional experiences, reinforcing the guides’ role as empathy brokers within the cocreation paradigm. Tour guides progressed through stages of brokering, from accommodating cultural backgrounds to explaining rituals and mystical concepts, culminating in a profound empathetic experience during the call to prayer. This process allowed tourists to deeply connect with the cultural and spiritual elements of the tour.
{"title":"Guides’ Interpretive Techniques in Cocreation Combined with the Experience Broker Theory","authors":"Hengameh Ghanavati, Núria Gal??, María D. De-Juan-Vigaray","doi":"10.3727/194344224x17065495994387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/194344224x17065495994387","url":null,"abstract":"In tourism, cocreation is a bilateral relationship between tourists and tourism providers to enhance tourists’ experiences. In this sense, tour guides as tourism providers cocreate experiences and play an essential role in tourists’ encounters through heritage interpretation.\u0000 Among tourism providers, tour guides, through guided tours, can be considered a facilitator and a mediator of cocreative experiences. Therefore, this study explores ways to offer cocreative heritage tourism experiences through interpretation, highlighting their function as brokers within the\u0000 framework of Weiler and Black’s Experience Broker Theory. The methodology employed combined in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 tour guides, and direct observation of 10 guided tours at the Royal Mosque of Isfahan. The study underscores the role of tour guides in creating a profound\u0000 spiritual experience for tourists. This research demonstrates the importance of tailored interpretive strategies in enhancing tourists’ cognitive and emotional experiences, reinforcing the guides’ role as empathy brokers within the cocreation paradigm. Tour guides progressed through\u0000 stages of brokering, from accommodating cultural backgrounds to explaining rituals and mystical concepts, culminating in a profound empathetic experience during the call to prayer. This process allowed tourists to deeply connect with the cultural and spiritual elements of the tour.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.3727/194344224x17065495994323
Chihiro Nakayama
Increased attention to film tourism processes has driven the need for research on its relevance to destination marketing. Film tourism involves different actors with various interests, often making collaboration challenging. This study aims to understand how film tourism can succeed within complex processes involving multiple actors by using in-depth semistructured interviews. Using actor-network theory and emphasizing the relational network in the case study of film location bus tours, it shows that human and nonhuman actors, the tourism and film industries, film commissions, advertising agencies, residents, tourists, ports, and buses interact to create film tourism. This study shows that film tourism networks that were formed successfully are disbanded because of the changing relations between human and nonhuman actors in film tourism. The analysis reveals that power lies in the network created by collaboration among all actors, and the future of film tourism development relies on how heterogeneity is processed. It critically examines the binary of host and guest in tourism and attempts to transcend it constructively. Theoretically, it extends the context of how different actors’ interests are effectively processed. This study contributes toward enhancing sustainable tourism by reflecting the nature unique to the region, integrating with films shot in a destination to revitalize the regional economy.
{"title":"Collaboration and Destination Marketing: Creating Film-Induced Tourism","authors":"Chihiro Nakayama","doi":"10.3727/194344224x17065495994323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/194344224x17065495994323","url":null,"abstract":"Increased attention to film tourism processes has driven the need for research on its relevance to destination marketing. Film tourism involves different actors with various interests, often making collaboration challenging. This study aims to understand how film tourism can succeed\u0000 within complex processes involving multiple actors by using in-depth semistructured interviews. Using actor-network theory and emphasizing the relational network in the case study of film location bus tours, it shows that human and nonhuman actors, the tourism and film industries, film commissions,\u0000 advertising agencies, residents, tourists, ports, and buses interact to create film tourism. This study shows that film tourism networks that were formed successfully are disbanded because of the changing relations between human and nonhuman actors in film tourism. The analysis reveals that\u0000 power lies in the network created by collaboration among all actors, and the future of film tourism development relies on how heterogeneity is processed. It critically examines the binary of host and guest in tourism and attempts to transcend it constructively. Theoretically, it extends the\u0000 context of how different actors’ interests are effectively processed. This study contributes toward enhancing sustainable tourism by reflecting the nature unique to the region, integrating with films shot in a destination to revitalize the regional economy.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.3727/194344224x17065495994332
Dimin Wang, Xianmei Wu, Xiangmeng Zhang
China holds the position of top spender in international tourism. Despite that Chinese tourists’ behaviors have been researched extensively, limited attention has been given to understanding their travel intention towards Thailand, a popular destination in Southeast Asia. This study proposes a theoretical framework via extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to ascertain factors influencing Chinese tourists’ travel intention to Thailand. With 261 data collected online, the study carried out analysis by using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results revealed that the predictability of the extended TPB model was improved, highlighted tourists’ attitudes and destination attachments played pivotal roles in determining tourists’ travel intentions, and perceived behavioral control positively affected attitude. Moreover, tourists’ attitudes and subjective norm significantly influenced destination attachment. The mediation analysis revealed that the effects of attitude and subjective norm on travel intention were transferred through their attachments. The fsQCA analysis identified four heterogenous configurations to generate tourists’ travel intention. Methodologically, the study advanced the theoretical understanding of extended TPB model via a mixed approach of PLS-SEM and fsQCA, and obtained a unique perspective of interdependencies among various factors that influence tourists’ travel intention and behaviors. Managerial implications are provided to comparable tourism destinations across Asia to appeal prospective tourists.
{"title":"Understanding Chinese Tourists’ Future Travel Intention to Thailand: A Hybrid Approach Using Pls-Sem and fsQCA","authors":"Dimin Wang, Xianmei Wu, Xiangmeng Zhang","doi":"10.3727/194344224x17065495994332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/194344224x17065495994332","url":null,"abstract":"China holds the position of top spender in international tourism. Despite that Chinese tourists’ behaviors have been researched extensively, limited attention has been given to understanding their travel intention towards Thailand, a popular destination in Southeast Asia. This\u0000 study proposes a theoretical framework via extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to ascertain factors influencing Chinese tourists’ travel intention to Thailand. With 261 data collected online, the study carried out analysis by using partial least squares structural equation\u0000 modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results revealed that the predictability of the extended TPB model was improved, highlighted tourists’ attitudes and destination attachments played pivotal roles in determining tourists’ travel intentions,\u0000 and perceived behavioral control positively affected attitude. Moreover, tourists’ attitudes and subjective norm significantly influenced destination attachment. The mediation analysis revealed that the effects of attitude and subjective norm on travel intention were transferred through\u0000 their attachments. The fsQCA analysis identified four heterogenous configurations to generate tourists’ travel intention. Methodologically, the study advanced the theoretical understanding of extended TPB model via a mixed approach of PLS-SEM and fsQCA, and obtained a unique perspective\u0000 of interdependencies among various factors that influence tourists’ travel intention and behaviors. Managerial implications are provided to comparable tourism destinations across Asia to appeal prospective tourists.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382840
Charbel Bassil, Georges Harb, Roula Al Daia
We undertake a systematic literature review that looks at the economic effects of tourism at subnational levels. This review, the first of its kind to our knowledge, is timely in view of the growing body of research investigating the economic impact of tourism at subnational levels. Moreover, given the role of tourism as a regional development tool, this review would be of particular interest to policymakers. Our selection process, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, results in 60 papers forming the basis of the review. The latter first presents the key features of the literature and synthesizes its main findings. Then it provides an assessment of the literature by i) highlighting underresearched countries and topics, and suggesting themes for future research, and ii) recommending empirical strategies to be adopted by researchers that would better reflect the economic repercussions of tourism at subnational level. All in all, our review synthesizes the research done so far and outlines some venues that could be part of the future research agenda.
{"title":"The Economic Impact of Tourism at Regional Level: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Charbel Bassil, Georges Harb, Roula Al Daia","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382840","url":null,"abstract":"We undertake a systematic literature review that looks at the economic effects of tourism at subnational levels. This review, the first of its kind to our knowledge, is timely in view of the growing body of research investigating the economic impact of tourism at subnational levels. Moreover, given the role of tourism as a regional development tool, this review would be of particular interest to policymakers. Our selection process, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, results in 60 papers forming the basis of the review. The latter first presents the key features of the literature and synthesizes its main findings. Then it provides an assessment of the literature by i) highlighting underresearched countries and topics, and suggesting themes for future research, and ii) recommending empirical strategies to be adopted by researchers that would better reflect the economic repercussions of tourism at subnational level. All in all, our review synthesizes the research done so far and outlines some venues that could be part of the future research agenda.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382822
Yaron Salman
This article considers the link between tourism and classic diplomacy as a field of study and policy. The article focuses on the contribution of tourism to the strengthening of bilateral relations between governments, through analysis of Israeli–Tanzanian relations as a crucial case study. Thus, in addition to the literature that focuses on people-to-people diplomacy and tourism, this article highlights the role that tourism plays in strengthening diplomatic relations between states. Tourism is positioned within the broader context of economic diplomacy, and the interrelationships between tourism and diplomacy—theoretically and practically—are examined. This article finds that tourism is an important tool for promoting bilateral relations between governments in the context of classic diplomacy.
{"title":"Tourism and Classic Diplomacy: the Case of Strengthening Israeli–tanzanian Bilateral Relations","authors":"Yaron Salman","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382822","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the link between tourism and classic diplomacy as a field of study and policy. The article focuses on the contribution of tourism to the strengthening of bilateral relations between governments, through analysis of Israeli–Tanzanian relations as a crucial\u0000 case study. Thus, in addition to the literature that focuses on people-to-people diplomacy and tourism, this article highlights the role that tourism plays in strengthening diplomatic relations between states. Tourism is positioned within the broader context of economic diplomacy, and the\u0000 interrelationships between tourism and diplomacy—theoretically and practically—are examined. This article finds that tourism is an important tool for promoting bilateral relations between governments in the context of classic diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45551943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x1671726538283
Jason Draper, A. DeFranco
The COVID-19 pandemic had and continues to have profound effects on the travel industry, creating many risks and unknowns, especially for international travel. Using consumer risk theory and protection motivation theory as a framework, this study explores the relationships between international travel plans in 2023 and 2024–2025 and the likelihood of purchasing travel insurance (i. e., cancellation/interruption, emergency medical, baggage) with a sample of 1,264 US residents. Travel companion(s) and household income are examined as potential moderators and travel risk and sufficient household income as mediators. Results reveal a likelihood to purchase all three travel insurance types, and travelers are twice as likely to buy insurance for international travel for 2024–2025 compared to 2023. Likelihood to purchase travel insurance is also influenced by travel risk and having sufficient financial resources where sufficient financial resources partially mediates the relationships in question. Results suggest a new era of travel where risk is inherent and if travelers have sufficient financial resources, they will purchase travel insurance to mitigate risks of potentially suffering financial losses. This is a new finding with implications for the travel insurance industry, which should find ways to partner with travel providers, such as wholesalers and group tours, to offer insurance to international travelers. Although COVID-19 has been downgraded, other diseases are surfacing (e. g., monkeypox), leaving public health an important consideration. This and subsequent research will remain important to monitor how other outbreaks and risks impact the travel industry and travelers' methods to protect themselves.
{"title":"International Travel and Insurance Purchase: the Role of Traveling Companion, Household Income, Travel Risk, and Sufficient Financial Resources on this Relationship","authors":"Jason Draper, A. DeFranco","doi":"10.3727/154427223x1671726538283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x1671726538283","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic had and continues to have profound effects on the travel industry, creating many risks and unknowns, especially for international travel. Using consumer risk theory and protection motivation theory as a framework, this study explores the relationships between international\u0000 travel plans in 2023 and 2024–2025 and the likelihood of purchasing travel insurance (i. e., cancellation/interruption, emergency medical, baggage) with a sample of 1,264 US residents. Travel companion(s) and household income are examined as potential moderators and travel risk and sufficient\u0000 household income as mediators. Results reveal a likelihood to purchase all three travel insurance types, and travelers are twice as likely to buy insurance for international travel for 2024–2025 compared to 2023. Likelihood to purchase travel insurance is also influenced by travel risk\u0000 and having sufficient financial resources where sufficient financial resources partially mediates the relationships in question. Results suggest a new era of travel where risk is inherent and if travelers have sufficient financial resources, they will purchase travel insurance to mitigate\u0000 risks of potentially suffering financial losses. This is a new finding with implications for the travel insurance industry, which should find ways to partner with travel providers, such as wholesalers and group tours, to offer insurance to international travelers. Although COVID-19 has been\u0000 downgraded, other diseases are surfacing (e. g., monkeypox), leaving public health an important consideration. This and subsequent research will remain important to monitor how other outbreaks and risks impact the travel industry and travelers' methods to protect themselves.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49360697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382769
Juha Saunavaara, Mari Partanen, Masato Tanaka, T. Fukuyama
This study focuses on local ice-breaking tourism initiatives in Kemi (Finland), Mombetsu (Japan), and Abashiri (Japan). It adds to research on winter and cruise tourism and analyzes multiscalar challenges—ranging from the global warming and COVID-19 pandemic to dependency on local governmental support—threatening the future of tourism dependent on frozen maritime conditions and vulnerable to changing climate conditions. As the case study cities have invested significantly in tourism built around the uncontrollable natural phenomenon, changes in this industry can lead to substantial spillover effects in the surrounding communities. This qualitative comparative research is based on extensive fieldwork and utilizes the concept of resilience to discuss the means of responding to existing and predicted disturbances. The results of this study show that the recent adaptation and resiliency-building strategies have focused on searching for alternative use of old, new, and renovated ice-breaking vessels, attraction of new types of (often domestic) visitors, and development of activities and facilities that are less sensitive to seasonal variation and climate change. While introducing new local ideas concerning ecological and educational tourism, e-tourism, and community-oriented tourism, this article contributes to the understanding of resilience-building processes in tourism.
{"title":"Ice-Breaking Tourism and Local Resilience Building","authors":"Juha Saunavaara, Mari Partanen, Masato Tanaka, T. Fukuyama","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382769","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on local ice-breaking tourism initiatives in Kemi (Finland), Mombetsu (Japan), and Abashiri (Japan). It adds to research on winter and cruise tourism and analyzes multiscalar challenges—ranging from the global warming and COVID-19 pandemic to dependency on local\u0000 governmental support—threatening the future of tourism dependent on frozen maritime conditions and vulnerable to changing climate conditions. As the case study cities have invested significantly in tourism built around the uncontrollable natural phenomenon, changes in this industry can\u0000 lead to substantial spillover effects in the surrounding communities. This qualitative comparative research is based on extensive fieldwork and utilizes the concept of resilience to discuss the means of responding to existing and predicted disturbances. The results of this study show that\u0000 the recent adaptation and resiliency-building strategies have focused on searching for alternative use of old, new, and renovated ice-breaking vessels, attraction of new types of (often domestic) visitors, and development of activities and facilities that are less sensitive to seasonal variation\u0000 and climate change. While introducing new local ideas concerning ecological and educational tourism, e-tourism, and community-oriented tourism, this article contributes to the understanding of resilience-building processes in tourism.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49328452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382741
Regis Musavengane, Erisher Woyo, Wilfreda I. Chawarura
Distressed destinations have distinctive exogenous factors influencing the survival of small to medium enterprises during and postcrisis. Using COVID-19-induced crisis cases in a distressed nation, this study interrogates the underpinnings for the survival and failure of small and medium tourism enterprises during a crisis. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and a critical instance case study research design where interviews were used to obtain data from small and medium enterprise owners. Responses from participants were analyzed through thematic analysis. From the study, it emerged that the major survival nodes include strong political connections, social capital, lack of policy enforcement, and chaotic currency system and facility conversion to suit the prevailing environment. A framework that gives small and medium enterprises insights and tools to manage their businesses during a severe crisis operating environment is proposed. The article narrows the gap in crisis management and resilience literature of small to medium enterprises in developing countries.
{"title":"Crisis Management and Resilience of Small to Medium Tourism Enterprises in a Distressed Destination","authors":"Regis Musavengane, Erisher Woyo, Wilfreda I. Chawarura","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382741","url":null,"abstract":"Distressed destinations have distinctive exogenous factors influencing the survival of small to medium enterprises during and postcrisis. Using COVID-19-induced crisis cases in a distressed nation, this study interrogates the underpinnings for the survival and failure of small and medium\u0000 tourism enterprises during a crisis. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and a critical instance case study research design where interviews were used to obtain data from small and medium enterprise owners. Responses from participants were analyzed through thematic analysis.\u0000 From the study, it emerged that the major survival nodes include strong political connections, social capital, lack of policy enforcement, and chaotic currency system and facility conversion to suit the prevailing environment. A framework that gives small and medium enterprises insights and\u0000 tools to manage their businesses during a severe crisis operating environment is proposed. The article narrows the gap in crisis management and resilience literature of small to medium enterprises in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42914444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382750
Susan Weidmann
In fright tourism, an unusual combination of human emotions such as fun and fear are experienced by tourists through activities such as haunted house visits and ghost tours. This study explores advertising materials for fright tourism attractions, including how business owners design them, and how potential visitors respond to them. The study aimed to examine how fright tourism attractions use text and images to convey the emotions customers may experience at the attraction, and affective response generated in visitors to these advertising materials, specifically tourist brochures. Data were obtained through interviews with business owners of fright tourism attractions and focus groups of potential visitors to discuss fright tourism advertising brochure design, and determine what affective responses were intended and subsequently generated (or not) by the tourism brochures. Findings from the research include that emotions and feelings are ambiguous terms that are often used interchangeably, and generic horror imagery is often used to communicate emotions through fright tourism brochures; however, perceptions of horror are highly subjective. This study helps broaden our understanding of the emotions experienced at fright tourism attractions, and how those emotions can be communicated through advertising materials.
{"title":"\". . . If We Don't Scare You, You're Already Dead!\": A Study of Imagery and Language Used on Fright Tourism Advertising","authors":"Susan Weidmann","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382750","url":null,"abstract":"In fright tourism, an unusual combination of human emotions such as fun and fear are experienced by tourists through activities such as haunted house visits and ghost tours. This study explores advertising materials for fright tourism attractions, including how business owners design\u0000 them, and how potential visitors respond to them. The study aimed to examine how fright tourism attractions use text and images to convey the emotions customers may experience at the attraction, and affective response generated in visitors to these advertising materials, specifically tourist\u0000 brochures. Data were obtained through interviews with business owners of fright tourism attractions and focus groups of potential visitors to discuss fright tourism advertising brochure design, and determine what affective responses were intended and subsequently generated (or not) by the\u0000 tourism brochures. Findings from the research include that emotions and feelings are ambiguous terms that are often used interchangeably, and generic horror imagery is often used to communicate emotions through fright tourism brochures; however, perceptions of horror are highly subjective.\u0000 This study helps broaden our understanding of the emotions experienced at fright tourism attractions, and how those emotions can be communicated through advertising materials.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44186826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.3727/154427223x16717265382796
M. Martins, Paulo Mourão, Rui Augustoda Costa
Described as a group of independent travelers with flexible itineraries and without substantial time constraints, backpackers constitute one of the tourist segments that has drawn the attention of many researchers around the world. However, little is known about how this segment of travelers behaves in destinations from a space–time perspective. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of the order and visit length on backpackers' space–time behavior in an urban world heritage destination. Using geographic information system (GIS) software, the sequence and the length of the visit were identified. To analyze the order of the places visited, we used the ordered logit method and to study the duration dimension a multivariate equation, estimated by OLS with heteroskedasticity robust errors, was selected. The results showed that no variable in particular influences the order of the places visited in any of the parishes simultaneously, reinforcing the underlying randomness in relation to the order in which destination parishes are visited. Length of stay is mostly influenced by factors related to mobility conditions as well as factors exogenous to tourists' decision-making capacity.
{"title":"Backpackers' Order and Visit Length in an Urban World Heritage Destination: an Analysis Using Ordered Logit and Linear Models","authors":"M. Martins, Paulo Mourão, Rui Augustoda Costa","doi":"10.3727/154427223x16717265382796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427223x16717265382796","url":null,"abstract":"Described as a group of independent travelers with flexible itineraries and without substantial time constraints, backpackers constitute one of the tourist segments that has drawn the attention of many researchers around the world. However, little is known about how this segment of\u0000 travelers behaves in destinations from a space–time perspective. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of the order and visit length on backpackers' space–time behavior in an urban world heritage destination. Using geographic information system (GIS) software, the\u0000 sequence and the length of the visit were identified. To analyze the order of the places visited, we used the ordered logit method and to study the duration dimension a multivariate equation, estimated by OLS with heteroskedasticity robust errors, was selected. The results showed that no variable\u0000 in particular influences the order of the places visited in any of the parishes simultaneously, reinforcing the underlying randomness in relation to the order in which destination parishes are visited. Length of stay is mostly influenced by factors related to mobility conditions as well as\u0000 factors exogenous to tourists' decision-making capacity.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43736373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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