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The Goldilocks Function: Eating Disorders, Object Usage, and the Third 金发姑娘功能:饮食失调,对象使用,和第三
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2021.1943637
J. Sheehy
Abstract This article describes the clinical treatment of a woman whose history was marked by cumulative parental neglect, and who initially presented with deficiencies and disruptive excesses in multiple domains of her life, including eating. Object relations and intersubjectivity theories are drawn upon to conceptualize the patient’s early developmental strivings. In this case, a potentially fracturing enactment propels developmental progression, and helps build regulatory processes. The author (therapist) argues that it is this event and subsequent transitions to object usage and then to intersubjectivity that ultimately foster a relinquishment of the patient’s extremes, as well as a sustaining exchange of nourishment between her and the patient.
摘要本文描述了一名女性的临床治疗,她的病史以父母的累积忽视为标志,她最初在生活的多个领域(包括饮食)表现出不足和破坏性过度。对象关系和主体间性理论被用来概念化患者早期的发展努力。在这种情况下,潜在的分裂性法规推动了发展进程,并有助于建立监管程序。作者(治疗师)认为,正是这一事件以及随后向客体使用和主体间性的转变,最终促成了患者对极端的放弃,以及她和患者之间持续的营养交换。
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引用次数: 0
Toward an Intersectional Psychoanalysis of Race, Gender, and Sexuality 迈向种族、性别和性的交叉精神分析
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2021.1935033
Max Belkin
Abstract Since the 1980s, there has been a growing attention to racial, gender, and sexual diversity. However, the existing psychoanalytic literature tends to treat patients’ race, gender, and sexuality separately. In contrast, an intersectional perspective, rooted in Black feminism and relational psychoanalysis, focuses on the interplay among patients’ race, gender, and sexuality. This intersectional approach aims to expand on the cultural sensitivity of psychoanalysis. In particular, by drawing on critical race theory, feminism, and queer studies, an intersectional psychoanalysis locates individual similarities and differences in the context of racism, sexism, and homophobia and examines the interpersonal relations that maintain gender, racial, and sexual stereotypes and inequities. The clinical vignette of a queer Latino man illustrates the intersections among the patient’s race, gender, and sexual identity.
自20世纪80年代以来,人们越来越关注种族、性别和性别多样性。然而,现有的精神分析文献倾向于将患者的种族、性别和性取向分开对待。相比之下,根植于黑人女权主义和关系精神分析的交叉视角则关注患者种族、性别和性取向之间的相互作用。这种交叉的方法旨在扩展精神分析的文化敏感性。特别是,通过借鉴批判性种族理论、女权主义和酷儿研究,交叉精神分析在种族主义、性别歧视和同性恋恐惧症的背景下定位个体的异同,并检查维持性别、种族和性别刻板印象和不平等的人际关系。一名拉丁裔同性恋男子的临床小品说明了病人的种族、性别和性身份之间的交集。
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引用次数: 3
The Sleepy Analyst Struggles to Awaken: Dissociation, Enactment, Regression, and Altered States with Trauma Patients 瞌睡分析师努力觉醒:创伤患者的分离、实施、回归和状态改变
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2021.1889349
Matt Aibel
Abstract I assert that embarrassment, shame, and concern for professional reputation have inhibited analysts from discussing their struggles with countertransferential sleepiness, a phenomenon presumably more widespread than is generally acknowledged. Analysts may thus be insufficiently armed with understanding of this vexing predicament to which our work can leave us so vulnerable—its causes, trajectories, and even, potentially, its usefulness. Building on McLaughlin’s 1975 paper on the topic, I acknowledge the analyst’s sleepiness as a defense against affect in the patient and analyst, and explore it as an enactment of parental unavailability and abandonment and a primitive communication from the patient about early states of psychological deadness and unintegration. Noting a recent trend in the relational literature toward valorizing engaged and enlivened registers, I consider the problems and potentials of dwelling in a distanced and deadened intersubjective field.
摘要我断言,尴尬、羞耻和对职业声誉的担忧阻碍了分析师讨论他们与反移情嗜睡的斗争,这种现象可能比人们普遍承认的更普遍。因此,分析人士可能没有充分理解我们的工作可能会让我们如此脆弱的这种令人烦恼的困境——它的原因、轨迹,甚至潜在的有用性。在McLaughlin 1975年关于这一主题的论文的基础上,我承认分析人员的嗜睡是对患者和分析人员情感的一种防御,并将其探索为父母不可用和遗弃的一种表现,以及患者关于早期心理麻木和不融合状态的原始交流。注意到关系文学最近的一种趋势,即重视参与和活跃的语域,我考虑了居住在一个遥远和麻木的主体间领域中的问题和潜力。
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引用次数: 1
On the Edge of the abyss—Observations on Some Essential Difficulties in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy with Survivors of Prolonged Childhood Abuse 在深渊的边缘——对长期儿童虐待幸存者进行精神分析心理治疗的一些基本困难的观察
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2021.1888637
Noa Bar-haim
Abstract This article explores situations of interpersonal catastrophe during psychoanalytic psychotherapy with survivors of prolonged childhood abuse; situations of unbearable psychic pain focused on the therapeutic relationship, accompanied by functional deterioration, that is, mutual but not symmetrical. Through analyzing Orpheus’s failure to save his wife from the underworld, I look at the analyst’s unconscious motivation to treat others: What is drawing us to other people’s hell? I will describe how the analyst’s identification with the aggressor when facing the patients’ inability to mourn, as well as the patient’s own tendency to identify with the aggressor, may trap the therapy in a fantasy of rebirth or a wish to go back to the roots and correct or erase the trauma. In doing so, this may push the treatment into a malignant whirlpool. I explore the clinical manifestations of the mutual fantasy of overcoming the limits of reality and offer an analytic meaning to the concept of rehabilitation versus recovery that may be helpful in working with these challenging cases.
摘要本文探讨了在精神分析心理治疗过程中与长期儿童虐待幸存者发生人际灾难的情况;无法忍受的心理疼痛集中在治疗关系上,伴随着功能恶化,即相互但不对称。通过分析俄耳甫斯未能将妻子从黑社会拯救出来,我看到了这位分析员对待他人的无意识动机:是什么把我们吸引到了别人的地狱?我将描述分析人员在面对患者无法哀悼时对侵略者的认同,以及患者自己认同侵略者的倾向,可能会使治疗陷入重生的幻想,或希望回到根源,纠正或消除创伤。这样做可能会将治疗推向恶性漩涡。我探索了克服现实限制的共同幻想的临床表现,并为康复与康复的概念提供了分析意义,这可能有助于处理这些具有挑战性的病例。
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引用次数: 0
From Imagination to Information: Therapist’s Curiosity and Voyeurism in the Age of Social Media 从想象到信息:社交媒体时代治疗师的好奇与偷窥
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2021.1890957
M. Medina
Abstract Today’s easy online access to personal information has redefined the concepts of privacy, disclosure, and boundaries in all forms of relating. The impacts of this on the therapy relationship have also been examined, but almost exclusively in the context of patients pursuing online information about their therapists. In line with the contemporary relational view of therapy as a two-person model, this article aims to address and explore the reverse; in other words, therapists pursuing the readily available online information about their patients. While it is considered clinically inadvisable for the therapist to seek out more information than what the patient chooses to provide, therapists sometimes privately act on their desire to know more about their patients through checking social media accounts or Googling them. Like many other “secret delinquencies” of therapists, it seems that this behavior is kept in the closet; it is not talked about, thus depriving us of the opportunity to examine it and learn from it. This article first explores how and why it clashes with the analytic contract in an effort to bring a more exploratory rather than critical approach to what otherwise might simply be considered wrong. Then, it aims to examine the complex relational dynamics surrounding this behavior and candidly address some of the deeper questions it raises. Case examples as well as a qualitative review of therapists’ personal accounts are used in an effort to situate this particular type of delinquency in a theoretical and clinical context.
摘要今天,个人信息的轻松在线访问重新定义了隐私、披露和各种形式的关系边界的概念。这对治疗关系的影响也得到了研究,但几乎完全是在患者寻求治疗师在线信息的背景下进行的。根据当代治疗作为两人模式的关系观,本文旨在解决和探索相反的问题;换言之,治疗师在网上寻找患者的信息。虽然临床上认为治疗师不应该寻求比患者选择提供的更多的信息,但治疗师有时会私下通过查看社交媒体账户或谷歌搜索来满足他们对患者更多了解的愿望。就像治疗师的许多其他“秘密犯罪”一样,这种行为似乎被藏在壁橱里;它没有被谈论,从而剥夺了我们审视它并从中学习的机会。本文首先探讨了它是如何以及为什么与分析契约相冲突的,试图为那些可能被认为是错误的东西带来一种更具探索性而非批判性的方法。然后,它旨在研究围绕这种行为的复杂关系动态,并坦率地解决它提出的一些更深层次的问题。为了将这种特殊类型的犯罪置于理论和临床背景下,我们使用了案例示例以及对治疗师个人账户的定性审查。
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引用次数: 1
What Can Psychoanalysis Learn From Neuroscience? A Theoretical Basis For The Emergence Of a Neuropsychoanalytic Model 心理分析可以从神经科学中学到什么?神经心理分析模型产生的理论基础
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2021.1894542
John Dall’Aglio
Abstract Psychoanalysis prioritizes the subjective experience of the mind. Neuroscience studies the objective aspects of the brain. These different focuses are the advantage—and the difficulty—of a dialogue between the two fields. Some argue that the emergence of “neuropsychoanalysis” reduces the mind to meaningless biological correlates. However, dialogue with neuroscience differs from reduction to objective explanation. Rather, through theoretical exchange, neuropsychoanalysis opens avenues for new possibilities of meaning. A dialogue with neuroscience can elucidate new relationships between different subjective phenomena, such as the vicissitudes of basic motivational systems. Whereas the opponents of neuropsychoanalysis argue that drives and affects are irreducible to biology—implying that they are the limit of neuroscience—this article argues that these concepts are instead the critical juncture of this dialogue. From such an intersection, a neuropsychoanalytic model of levels of the mind is proposed, where the unconscious is reframed as a dynamic effect of disjunctures between levels of consciousness.
摘要心理分析优先考虑心理的主观体验。神经科学研究大脑的客观方面。这些不同的焦点是这两个领域之间对话的优势和困难。一些人认为,“神经心理分析”的出现将大脑简化为无意义的生物关联。然而,与神经科学的对话不同于还原到客观解释。相反,通过理论交流,神经心理分析为意义的新可能性开辟了途径。与神经科学的对话可以阐明不同主观现象之间的新关系,例如基本动机系统的变化。尽管神经心理分析的反对者认为驱动力和影响是生物学不可简化的——这意味着它们是神经科学的极限——但本文认为,这些概念恰恰是这场对话的关键时刻。从这样一个交叉点出发,提出了一个心理水平的神经心理学模型,其中无意识被重新定义为意识水平之间脱节的动态影响。
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引用次数: 3
Otto Will and the Artistry of Relationship: More Simply Human than Otherwise 奥托·威尔与关系艺术:更简单的人性
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2021.1886849
J. Gorney
Abstract Otto Will was one of the most creative psychotherapists of the twentieth century, yet his work is relatively unknown today. This paper strives to transmit his legacy. During his career at Chestnut Lodge and Austen Riggs, Will taught by example, inspiring others to engage in long-term, psychoanalytic treatment of psychosis. Deriving inspiration from his analysts, Harry Stack Sullivan and Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, he explored the healing power of human attachment and relatedness. As a therapist, he presented himself in all of his flawed humanity, admitting mistakes, and acknowledging limitations. Such human responsiveness engendered similarly human responses in the other. Through cultivating attachment and forging vital relationship with severely traumatized patients, he manifested a unique gift for connection. I draw upon my own experience as his student and colleague of twenty-three years to recount his personal and professional history and to examine his unique contributions to technique. Clinical examples and stories demonstrate Will’s singular “artistry of relationship.”
奥托·威尔是20世纪最具创造力的心理治疗师之一,然而他的作品在今天却相对不为人知。本刊力图传播他的遗产。在栗子小屋和奥斯丁里格斯的职业生涯中,威尔以身作则,激励他人从事精神病的长期精神分析治疗。从他的分析师哈里·斯塔克·沙利文和弗里达·弗洛姆-赖克曼那里获得灵感,他探索了人类依恋和关系的治愈力量。作为一名治疗师,他展现了自己所有有缺陷的人性,承认错误,承认局限性。这种人类的反应在另一个人身上产生了类似的人类反应。通过培养依恋和与严重创伤的病人建立重要的关系,他表现出了一种独特的联系天赋。我以自己作为他23年的学生和同事的经历来叙述他的个人和职业历史,并考察他对技术的独特贡献。临床案例和故事展示了威尔独特的“关系艺术”。
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引用次数: 0
Man to Man: Reconsidering Who or What Men are—and Why it Matters 男人对男人:重新思考男人是谁或什么,以及为什么它很重要
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2021.1886852
S. Seidman
Abstract Since Freud, analysts often assume that the consultation room stages a drama between two personages: the patient and the therapist. Recently, some critics contend that race, class, age, etc. always mark these two figures. I consider the clinical implications of theorizing therapist and patient as men. I ask: What assumptions about men inform the treatment room and what are its clinical implications? I argue that in American psychoanalysis men are often understood through the lens of a narrow concept of phallicism—-one associated with emotional containment, self-sufficiency, and a drive to dominate. Such views flatten men’s experience and have far-reaching clinical implications: Some of men’s chief psychic struggles and forms of suffering go unrecognized in the consultation room. Sketching a revised view of phallicism, I offer a nuanced, layered view of men, underscoring their precarious and anxious state even as they claim a privileged status.
自弗洛伊德以来,分析人士经常假设诊室上演了两个人之间的戏剧:病人和治疗师。最近,一些评论家认为种族、阶级、年龄等总是标记这两个数字。我考虑将治疗师和病人作为男性理论化的临床意义。我的问题是:关于男性的哪些假设会影响到治疗室,它的临床意义是什么?我认为,在美国的精神分析中,人们通常是通过一种狭隘的阳具性的概念来理解男性的——这种概念与情感克制、自给自足和支配欲有关。这样的观点使男性的经历变得平淡无奇,并具有深远的临床意义:男性的一些主要精神斗争和痛苦形式在咨询室里没有被发现。我对男性的观点进行了修改,提出了一种微妙的、分层的观点,强调了他们不稳定和焦虑的状态,即使他们声称拥有特权地位。
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引用次数: 0
Dreaming About You as We Speak: Waking Dreams and Their Significance in Clinical Work 我们说话时梦到你:醒着的梦及其在临床工作中的意义
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2020.1858669
Orshi Hunyady, Helen Quinones
Abstract “Waking dreams,” a particular form of reverie, was first identified by neo-Bionians. They contend that our mind processes raw stimuli by associating the sensory impressions (beta elements) with mental images, thereby creating so-called alpha elements (i.e., pictograms). The images then form an ongoing dream-flow outside of awareness, continually producing a personal, preconscious understanding of what is taking place in and around us. Pictograms are our first, rudimentary interpretations; they serve as the first step toward verbalizing our affective experiences. Waking dreams are (composites of) pictograms that unexpectedly emerge into consciousness during session. Waking dreams shift our focus from content to process in session; they provide a new understanding of the transference-countertransference dynamic of the clinical moment; they alter the affect in the room; and open the door to new experience and new interpretation. We will demonstrate the clinical significance of waking dreams by an in-depth discussion of a relevant case.
摘要“梦醒”是一种特殊的遐想形式,最早由新生物主义者发现。他们认为,我们的大脑通过将感官印象(贝塔元素)与心理图像联系起来来处理原始刺激,从而产生所谓的阿尔法元素(即象形图)。然后,这些图像在意识之外形成了一个持续的梦境流,不断产生对我们内部和周围发生的事情的个人的、前意识的理解。象形图是我们的第一个基本解释;它们是表达我们情感体验的第一步。醒梦是在会话过程中意外出现在意识中的象形图。清醒的梦将我们的注意力从内容转移到会话中的过程;它们为临床时刻的移情-反移情动态提供了新的理解;它们改变了房间里的气氛;打开新体验和新诠释的大门。我们将通过对一个相关病例的深入讨论来证明清醒做梦的临床意义。
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引用次数: 1
Inconsolable Infantile States and the Challenges of Meeting Them 难以解决的幼儿国家及其应对挑战
IF 0.5 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2020.1858704
J. Cartor
Abstract Occasionally a patient comes along who is so frozen in an infantile state of disorganized attachment that the patient cannot take what the therapist is offering yet cannot leave the therapist either. Instead the two remain stuck in an unholy scenario of protracted destructive enactments, chronic mis-attunement, and rigid indigestible projective identifications. These seemingly impossible therapeutic encounters can include psychotic transferences, negative therapeutic reactions, or impasses. This article examines two such cases in detail and explores possible ways of understanding what failed in each of them and the impact of this on the therapist.
偶尔会出现一个病人,他处于一种混乱的依恋的婴儿状态,病人不能接受治疗师提供的东西,也不能离开治疗师。相反,这两个国家仍然陷入了一种邪恶的局面,即长期的破坏性立法、长期的失调和僵化的、难以消化的投射性认同。这些看似不可能的治疗遭遇可能包括精神病转移、负面治疗反应或僵局。本文详细研究了两个这样的案例,并探索了可能的方法来理解每个案例中失败的原因以及这对治疗师的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Contemporary Psychoanalysis
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