Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2023.2249297
Sarah Cate, Daniel Moak
Abstract A substantial body of literature documenting the “school-to-prison-pipeline” identifies the adverse effects of punitive school discipline policies and how they have increased the contact students have with the juvenile justice system. This literature tends to position school policies and the broader education system as a significant contributor – both directly and indirectly – to incarceration. Relying on data from California, our paper first argues that there is little evidence of a direct “school-to-prison pipeline,” as school discipline policies are rarely directly responsible for juvenile incarceration. Drawing from an extensive secondary literature on mass incarceration and data on incarceration and crime rates, the paper then argues that there is little reason to believe that school policy is a substantive indirect driver of incarceration rates. Finally, we show that activists and policymakers have adopted the STPP framework in ways that incorrectly suggest that changes in school policy are key to addressing incarceration. While the metaphor has proven to be morally evocative and catchy, attracting the attention of activists and politicians across the political spectrum, it ultimately obfuscates the complex realities of what drives punitiveness in schools and in society writ large.
{"title":"The School-to-Prison Pipeline and the Limits of Metaphor","authors":"Sarah Cate, Daniel Moak","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2249297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2249297","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A substantial body of literature documenting the “school-to-prison-pipeline” identifies the adverse effects of punitive school discipline policies and how they have increased the contact students have with the juvenile justice system. This literature tends to position school policies and the broader education system as a significant contributor – both directly and indirectly – to incarceration. Relying on data from California, our paper first argues that there is little evidence of a direct “school-to-prison pipeline,” as school discipline policies are rarely directly responsible for juvenile incarceration. Drawing from an extensive secondary literature on mass incarceration and data on incarceration and crime rates, the paper then argues that there is little reason to believe that school policy is a substantive indirect driver of incarceration rates. Finally, we show that activists and policymakers have adopted the STPP framework in ways that incorrectly suggest that changes in school policy are key to addressing incarceration. While the metaphor has proven to be morally evocative and catchy, attracting the attention of activists and politicians across the political spectrum, it ultimately obfuscates the complex realities of what drives punitiveness in schools and in society writ large.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43329976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2023.2178752
Simeon J. Newman
praise, and similar liberal arguments, Leary states, are “rooted in the common fallacy ... that an effective protest is, like a conversation or an opening statement in court, mainly a rhetorical exercise, meant to convince of something... . But a demonstration is not an argument, or at the very least it is not only that; there is, after all, a reason we call it a demonstration” (99). This is but a part of the goals in
{"title":"Electoral Capitalism: The Party System in New York’s Gilded Age","authors":"Simeon J. Newman","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2178752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2178752","url":null,"abstract":"praise, and similar liberal arguments, Leary states, are “rooted in the common fallacy ... that an effective protest is, like a conversation or an opening statement in court, mainly a rhetorical exercise, meant to convince of something... . But a demonstration is not an argument, or at the very least it is not only that; there is, after all, a reason we call it a demonstration” (99). This is but a part of the goals in","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"574 - 576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49339528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2023.2237823
D. Siegel
Abstract Marx argued that transitions to capitalism require the violent dispossession of direct producers from their means of production. Many scholars have gone beyond the violence of transition to argue that state force is continuously used to maintain market relations. A major debate focuses on whether Marx’s “so-called” primitive accumulation was an historical or continuous process. This paper contributes an empirical puzzle to this debate: the dispossession of peasants across the former Soviet Union after 1991, which resulted from land privatization, was predominantly non-violent. This is due, I argue, to a temporal separation between violence, which occurred during the process of Stalinist collectivization, and the subsequent dispossession of cultivators in the 1990s. Peasant dispossession could unfold peacefully after 1991 only because historical violence was embedded in the structure of the collective farm—a structure that was maintained in the process of dispossession—thus constituting a Soviet “subsidy” to the capitalist transition.
{"title":"The Temporality of Violence in Primitive Accumulation: A Soviet Subsidy to the Capitalist Transition","authors":"D. Siegel","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2237823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2237823","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Marx argued that transitions to capitalism require the violent dispossession of direct producers from their means of production. Many scholars have gone beyond the violence of transition to argue that state force is continuously used to maintain market relations. A major debate focuses on whether Marx’s “so-called” primitive accumulation was an historical or continuous process. This paper contributes an empirical puzzle to this debate: the dispossession of peasants across the former Soviet Union after 1991, which resulted from land privatization, was predominantly non-violent. This is due, I argue, to a temporal separation between violence, which occurred during the process of Stalinist collectivization, and the subsequent dispossession of cultivators in the 1990s. Peasant dispossession could unfold peacefully after 1991 only because historical violence was embedded in the structure of the collective farm—a structure that was maintained in the process of dispossession—thus constituting a Soviet “subsidy” to the capitalist transition.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"2 21","pages":"526 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41266936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2023.2235213
Vladimir Bortun
Abstract Over the past decade we have witnessed the rise of radical left parties (RLPs) in several European countries. According to the prevalent definition in the literature, the key feature of this party family is the goal to overcome capitalism. However, based on content analysis of party and governmental documents, this paper argues that the two most prominent RLPs today, SYRIZA (Greece) and Podemos (Spain), fall short in their socio-economic policies of that definition. Why are they still classified as radical left then? In addressing this puzzle, the paper critically revisits the established notion of the “party family” coined by Mair and Mudde, arguing instead that parties are what they choose to do and should therefore be classified according to their policy. Based on this, it is argued that parties such as SYRIZA and Podemos would be more accurately described as “neo-reformist left,” as a sub-type of the social democratic party family. Clarifying the character of these parties is not only important for conceptual consistency. By labelling “radical” parties that are not so, political scientists risk reinforcing the legitimacy of the neoliberal status quo, not the least by excluding from the conversation the actual radical alternatives. This is particularly relevant today, with the resurgence of anti-capitalist ideas among younger generations.
{"title":"A Reconceptualization of the Party Family: SYRIZA, Podemos, and the Emergence of the Neo-Reformist Left","authors":"Vladimir Bortun","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2235213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2235213","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past decade we have witnessed the rise of radical left parties (RLPs) in several European countries. According to the prevalent definition in the literature, the key feature of this party family is the goal to overcome capitalism. However, based on content analysis of party and governmental documents, this paper argues that the two most prominent RLPs today, SYRIZA (Greece) and Podemos (Spain), fall short in their socio-economic policies of that definition. Why are they still classified as radical left then? In addressing this puzzle, the paper critically revisits the established notion of the “party family” coined by Mair and Mudde, arguing instead that parties are what they choose to do and should therefore be classified according to their policy. Based on this, it is argued that parties such as SYRIZA and Podemos would be more accurately described as “neo-reformist left,” as a sub-type of the social democratic party family. Clarifying the character of these parties is not only important for conceptual consistency. By labelling “radical” parties that are not so, political scientists risk reinforcing the legitimacy of the neoliberal status quo, not the least by excluding from the conversation the actual radical alternatives. This is particularly relevant today, with the resurgence of anti-capitalist ideas among younger generations.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"478 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43752849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2023.2240602
Loren Goldman
Abstract The consequences of AI for political science, let alone democracy, remain obscure. Scholars would do best not to parrot either the hand-wringing despair or pollyannish enthusiasm of popular perspectives, but to instead soberly approach the advent of new technologies. Given its significant limitations, ChatGPT in particular does not (yet) appear to be the world-historical invention initial assessments perceived, as evidenced by the test case of Ernst Bloch.
{"title":"The Future Is Now: ChatGPT Confessions of a Blochhead","authors":"Loren Goldman","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2240602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2240602","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The consequences of AI for political science, let alone democracy, remain obscure. Scholars would do best not to parrot either the hand-wringing despair or pollyannish enthusiasm of popular perspectives, but to instead soberly approach the advent of new technologies. Given its significant limitations, ChatGPT in particular does not (yet) appear to be the world-historical invention initial assessments perceived, as evidenced by the test case of Ernst Bloch.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"118 1","pages":"551 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2023.2235211
Mathias Thaler
Abstract A common charge against utopianism is that any attempt to create blueprints for a better future disregards a basic fact: humans’ proclivity for failure. In response, defenders of social dreaming have argued that failure can become generative, once we abandon the perfectionism that ostensibly inheres in utopian visions. Building on this revaluation, the paper applies a crucial lesson from engineering and design studies—that often artificial failure modes are required to enhance the safety of tools and machines. To flesh out this point, I turn to utopian fiction and discuss Kim Stanley Robinson’s Science in the Capital-trilogy, which rejects techno-optimism about our climate-changed world, yet hails the transformative potential of an anti-capitalist scientific community. Ultimately, the paper claims that, if we cannot have success in addressing the climate emergency without committing serious mistakes, then one (but clearly not the only) path forward is to imaginatively prefigure the faultlines along which ecomodernist dreams for a “good Anthropocene” might rupture.
{"title":"Utopia, Breakdown, Repair: Failure and Success in Social Dreaming","authors":"Mathias Thaler","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2235211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2235211","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A common charge against utopianism is that any attempt to create blueprints for a better future disregards a basic fact: humans’ proclivity for failure. In response, defenders of social dreaming have argued that failure can become generative, once we abandon the perfectionism that ostensibly inheres in utopian visions. Building on this revaluation, the paper applies a crucial lesson from engineering and design studies—that often artificial failure modes are required to enhance the safety of tools and machines. To flesh out this point, I turn to utopian fiction and discuss Kim Stanley Robinson’s Science in the Capital-trilogy, which rejects techno-optimism about our climate-changed world, yet hails the transformative potential of an anti-capitalist scientific community. Ultimately, the paper claims that, if we cannot have success in addressing the climate emergency without committing serious mistakes, then one (but clearly not the only) path forward is to imaginatively prefigure the faultlines along which ecomodernist dreams for a “good Anthropocene” might rupture.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"431 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45274379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2023.2240597
Judith Grant, Claire Snyder-Hall, Edwin Daniel Jacob
the
这个
{"title":"ChatGPT and Critical Political Science: Loren Goldman and Davide Panagia Respond","authors":"Judith Grant, Claire Snyder-Hall, Edwin Daniel Jacob","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2240597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2240597","url":null,"abstract":"the","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"549 - 550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48376443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2023.2237816
Tracy L. R. Lightcap
{"title":"The Partisan Court: The Era of Political Partisanship on the U. S. Supreme Court","authors":"Tracy L. R. Lightcap","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2237816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2237816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"565 - 566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49540499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2023.2237817
Stacy W. Maddern
{"title":"Mass Pardons in America: Rebellion, Presidential Amnesty, and Reconciliation","authors":"Stacy W. Maddern","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2237817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2237817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"567 - 568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44416177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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