Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2021.1986737
Cristina Bradatan
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes some of the consequences ethnic emigration might have on the social boundaries between ethnic majorities and minorities. It focuses on a specific East-European context (Romania) and its historical national minority groups: Jewish, Germans, Hungarians and Roma. Two of these groups – Jewish and Germans – have had high levels of emigration over the past four decades. By comparing them with the other two groups, I suggest that this flight has been followed by an increasing percentage of mixed marriages, indicating a decreasing social boundary between the majority and minority groups. However, more children from mixed marriages identify with the minority group, showing that, despite higher intermarriage rates, assimilation is not to be expected. The influence of other factors (education, differential fertility, benefits offered by the motherland) is also discussed in order to understand these antithetical trends.
{"title":"Increasing mixed marriages without assimilation: a consequence of historical ethnic emigration in Romania","authors":"Cristina Bradatan","doi":"10.1080/1081602X.2021.1986737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2021.1986737","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyzes some of the consequences ethnic emigration might have on the social boundaries between ethnic majorities and minorities. It focuses on a specific East-European context (Romania) and its historical national minority groups: Jewish, Germans, Hungarians and Roma. Two of these groups – Jewish and Germans – have had high levels of emigration over the past four decades. By comparing them with the other two groups, I suggest that this flight has been followed by an increasing percentage of mixed marriages, indicating a decreasing social boundary between the majority and minority groups. However, more children from mixed marriages identify with the minority group, showing that, despite higher intermarriage rates, assimilation is not to be expected. The influence of other factors (education, differential fertility, benefits offered by the motherland) is also discussed in order to understand these antithetical trends.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"26 1","pages":"623 - 637"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45976419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-07DOI: 10.1080/1081602x.2021.1973533
C. Pooley
ABSTRACT For most of the time everyday life is composed of a variety of mundane activities that go almost unnoticed and unrecorded. Many of these will follow a regular rhythm or routine that may vary over the life course as personal and family circumstances change. They may also change over a weekly or seasonal cycle. Although individually such activities could be viewed as trivial, collectively these routines and rhythms construct the fabric of all societies, economies and communities. Studying everyday life in the past is hard because few sources record mundane activities in their entirety or over a whole life span. In this paper the diaries of one woman who lived in north Lancashire (UK) from 1928 to 2018 are analysed to chart the changing rhythms and routines of everyday activities over her life course. She began writing a diary at the age of 13 and completed a detailed daily account of her activities every year until shortly before her death. By sampling the extensive run of diaries, I identify the ways in which her activities changed over her life course, and how they fluctuated over weekly and seasonal cycles. I identify seven key life-course stages during which her commitments to employment, housework, caring and leisure activities varied in response to her changing circumstances. The paper uses both quantitative and qualitative evidence from the diaries to illustrate a rarely seen aspect of change over the life course, and relates this evidence to theories of everyday life, including Lefebvre’s work on ‘rhythmanalysis’.
{"title":"What Betty did: charting everyday activity over the life course","authors":"C. Pooley","doi":"10.1080/1081602x.2021.1973533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602x.2021.1973533","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For most of the time everyday life is composed of a variety of mundane activities that go almost unnoticed and unrecorded. Many of these will follow a regular rhythm or routine that may vary over the life course as personal and family circumstances change. They may also change over a weekly or seasonal cycle. Although individually such activities could be viewed as trivial, collectively these routines and rhythms construct the fabric of all societies, economies and communities. Studying everyday life in the past is hard because few sources record mundane activities in their entirety or over a whole life span. In this paper the diaries of one woman who lived in north Lancashire (UK) from 1928 to 2018 are analysed to chart the changing rhythms and routines of everyday activities over her life course. She began writing a diary at the age of 13 and completed a detailed daily account of her activities every year until shortly before her death. By sampling the extensive run of diaries, I identify the ways in which her activities changed over her life course, and how they fluctuated over weekly and seasonal cycles. I identify seven key life-course stages during which her commitments to employment, housework, caring and leisure activities varied in response to her changing circumstances. The paper uses both quantitative and qualitative evidence from the diaries to illustrate a rarely seen aspect of change over the life course, and relates this evidence to theories of everyday life, including Lefebvre’s work on ‘rhythmanalysis’.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"26 1","pages":"602 - 622"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46212798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.4324/9781003213284-11
C. Harris
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"C. Harris","doi":"10.4324/9781003213284-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003213284-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74673368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family, Mobility, Community","authors":"C. Harris","doi":"10.4324/9781003213284-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003213284-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82755572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.4135/9781483326573.n952
C. Harris
{"title":"The Nuclear Family","authors":"C. Harris","doi":"10.4135/9781483326573.n952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483326573.n952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"14 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Family","authors":"C. Harris","doi":"10.4324/9781003213284-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003213284-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86946322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kinship","authors":"C. Harris","doi":"10.4324/9781003213284-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003213284-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84943605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.4324/9781003213284-10
C. Harris
{"title":"Adult Relationships in the Elementary Family","authors":"C. Harris","doi":"10.4324/9781003213284-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003213284-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78348409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.1080/1081602x.2021.1955723
Andrea Bělehradová, K. Líšková
The paper examines the changes during state socialism in Czechoslovakia in the understanding of the post-reproductive sexuality of women, focusing on the network of medical experts and shifts in expertise, which gave rise to a ‘new kind of person’: sexually active climacteric women. Analyzing the medical press, we show how Czechoslovak experts moved from an exclusive focus on women of reproductive age toward seeing climacteric women first in connection with their working capacities and gynecological health, and over time more as sexual beings. We trace the changes in the broader societal discourse and the shifts in (primarily gynecological) expertise that facilitated a gradual rejection of the stereotypical image of ‘fading’ women and made the emergence of sexually active climacteric women possible. Moreover, we highlight the role of transnational knowledge circulation. We demonstrate how expertise was transformed after Czechoslovak experts became acquainted with the work of the US sexologists Masters and Johnson in the second half of the 1960s. As the systems of knowledge realigned, expertise shifted toward emphasizing the existence and importance of sexual pleasure for (post-)climacteric women. Pointing to similar developments in neighboring countries, we highlight the importance of comparative approaches to statesocialist sexualities. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 29 January 2021 Accepted 12 July 2021
{"title":"Aging women as sexual beings. Expertise between the 1950s and 1970s in state socialist Czechoslovakia","authors":"Andrea Bělehradová, K. Líšková","doi":"10.1080/1081602x.2021.1955723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602x.2021.1955723","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the changes during state socialism in Czechoslovakia in the understanding of the post-reproductive sexuality of women, focusing on the network of medical experts and shifts in expertise, which gave rise to a ‘new kind of person’: sexually active climacteric women. Analyzing the medical press, we show how Czechoslovak experts moved from an exclusive focus on women of reproductive age toward seeing climacteric women first in connection with their working capacities and gynecological health, and over time more as sexual beings. We trace the changes in the broader societal discourse and the shifts in (primarily gynecological) expertise that facilitated a gradual rejection of the stereotypical image of ‘fading’ women and made the emergence of sexually active climacteric women possible. Moreover, we highlight the role of transnational knowledge circulation. We demonstrate how expertise was transformed after Czechoslovak experts became acquainted with the work of the US sexologists Masters and Johnson in the second half of the 1960s. As the systems of knowledge realigned, expertise shifted toward emphasizing the existence and importance of sexual pleasure for (post-)climacteric women. Pointing to similar developments in neighboring countries, we highlight the importance of comparative approaches to statesocialist sexualities. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 29 January 2021 Accepted 12 July 2021","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42808431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2021.1955725
R. Schäfer
ABSTRACT The paper deals with families in villages on the bank of the river Rhine in the southwest of Germany (Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Mittelrhein). Starting with the observation that land changed hands often, although the situation in the Middle Rhine valley favoured tenants – wine was produced for export, personal serfdom was rare, and hereditary leasehold was typical for the region and landlords rarely interfered – I ask for the reasons why. The main reason for the vivid fluctuation was the importance of credit for the wine-growing society. Almost every piece of land was mortgaged. The debts could only be paid back after harvest when the wine was sold. Credits and also loans for investment could be secured on land only. The second most important reason for land change is inheritance rules. Property had to be divided among the children. Female and male children inherited equal shares, as soon as one of their parents died. Land was sold, burdened, leased, shared, swapped and divided – and it changed hands quite often without any hindrance. It is obvious that families were loaded with heavy burdens despite the good conditions for tenants. But, the high mobility of land is no proof for economic depression; it is a by–effect of this very specialised economic system. In the fifteenth century the ecological and economical system was fragile, but it was just working. So, mobile land could be seen as a sign of a vivid economic system in the fifteenth century and not as a sign of crisis.
{"title":"Land transactions within rural society in the Middle Rhine Valley (ca. 1400–1535)","authors":"R. Schäfer","doi":"10.1080/1081602X.2021.1955725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2021.1955725","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper deals with families in villages on the bank of the river Rhine in the southwest of Germany (Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Mittelrhein). Starting with the observation that land changed hands often, although the situation in the Middle Rhine valley favoured tenants – wine was produced for export, personal serfdom was rare, and hereditary leasehold was typical for the region and landlords rarely interfered – I ask for the reasons why. The main reason for the vivid fluctuation was the importance of credit for the wine-growing society. Almost every piece of land was mortgaged. The debts could only be paid back after harvest when the wine was sold. Credits and also loans for investment could be secured on land only. The second most important reason for land change is inheritance rules. Property had to be divided among the children. Female and male children inherited equal shares, as soon as one of their parents died. Land was sold, burdened, leased, shared, swapped and divided – and it changed hands quite often without any hindrance. It is obvious that families were loaded with heavy burdens despite the good conditions for tenants. But, the high mobility of land is no proof for economic depression; it is a by–effect of this very specialised economic system. In the fifteenth century the ecological and economical system was fragile, but it was just working. So, mobile land could be seen as a sign of a vivid economic system in the fifteenth century and not as a sign of crisis.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"27 1","pages":"37 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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