Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community最新文献

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, speech-language pathology telepractice was used by a small percentage of consumers. The 2020 pandemic necessitated the transition of most services to an online format. This article reports on a brief, electronic survey that was completed by 145 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) during the early months (June 2020) of the pandemic. Results showed that the majority of SLPs will continue using a telepractice model into 2021 and beyond, as more than half of SLPs rated the quality as similar to services delivered in-person. The absence of earlier preparation, access to and hindrances with technology, and client factors were the main elements influencing telepractice success for SLPs. However, telepractice was rated as an efficient means of consultation, evaluation, and intervention and survey results revealed that 53.84% of SLPs plan on maintaining this modality at a higher than pre-pandemic level.

The injustice of gentrification is often reduced to residential displacement and the loss of affordable housing. Yet, in addition to physical displacement of residents, gentrification also displaces community histories, social ties, and spaces of cultural gathering and civic action. The Neighborhood Story Project is a participatory action research intervention designed to engage residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in addressing more than the material effects of gentrification. This multi-case study of three Neighborhood Story Projects finds that participants experienced gains in (1) place knowledge and attachments, (2) social relationships, and (3) self and collective efficacy. Findings from this multi-case study suggest a broad practice model for group-level interventions to advance justice in gentrifying neighborhoods.

Promoting the well-being of immigrants and refugees is a critical social justice issue for many communities in the United States. The current study investigated how coping strategies and social support promote the well-being of immigrants and refugees. Participants were foreign-born individuals (N = 90) in a Midwestern state. The effects of coping strategies (i.e. forward- and trauma-focus coping, instrumental and emotional support seeking) and social support (i.e. personal and community support) on three levels of well-being (i.e. physical, psychological, and relationship) were examined using multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) and a path analysis. Results showed main effects of forward-focus coping and support seeking on wellbeing. Additionally, community support significantly predicted different coping strategies. Discussion focuses on the roles of coping and social support, as well as the study's implications for the roles of communities in promoting the well-being of immigrants and refugees.

Prospera, a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCTs) program in Mexico, provides recipients with cash contingent on three nodes of civic engagement: health, nutrition and education. This article examines the educational component of Prospera in La Gloria, in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. I utilize gender and culture of migration theories to explore the role gender plays in the educational, employment and migration outcomes of 31 high school students, and a smaller sample that pursued post-secondary education, six years after participating in the Prospera program. My findings raise questions about the ability of Prospera to ameliorate social inequalities, foster gender equity, and economic mobility among indigenous recipient households.

Recovery homes currently provide a supportive, cohesive setting following addiction treatment to thousands of individuals who often have the least resources and consequently a high risk of relapse. Such homes are particularly important regarding reducing inequality, particularly for those with substance use disorders exiting inpatient treatment or jail/prison, and many of these individuals have experienced homelessness and high rates of psychiatric co-morbidity. Yet, the success of these houses and their residents is likely related to the ability of the residents to obtain employment. This study geocoded data from 52 Oxford House recovery homes throughout Illinois. Data indicated that Oxford Houses in Illinois were often located in areas with the highest unemployment activity in the state. Placing homes in communities with higher job opportunities and employment rates could increase employment for individual residents and, subsequently, reduce inequality by increasing their odds of long term abstinence.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impact community-level social problems, education, work, mental, and physical health beyond the effects of economic and political inequality. This paper summarizes the evidence that community-wide resilience moderates such impacts and examines how resilience can be increased by strategic interventions focused on community capacity building; Trauma-Informed Practices (TIPs) by staff in community organizations; and cultural change. Findings from three formative research evaluations in Walla Walla, Washington, show how community capacity was increased, trauma-informed practices were implemented across local organizations, and a school's culture was transformed. Common elements of change were shifts in: mindsets, collaborative relationships, and organizational values/structures. These changes enabled the adoption of scaffolded, equity-based, innovative interventions that can potentially decrease economic and racial/ethnic disparities by preventing the progression of ACEs into adult adversities, poverty, and discrimination.

It is human nature to perceive things differently and subsequently to define those differences as either good or bad. How does this dichotomous way of thinking affect an educators approach to culturally responsive teaching, specifically when teaching sexuality education? Drawing from interviews of 10 sexuality educators who received above average intercultural competence scores, this study explored educators' perspectives on culturally responsive sexuality education, and describes the approaches interculturally competent sexuality educators used to navigate perceived differences in learning environments. In addition, recommendations for how to develop sexuality educators' intercultural competence are also discussed.

In the present cross-sectional study, we used a self-report online survey to assess the perceptions of intergenerational solidarity among sexual minority (lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals) (n = 239) and heterosexual (n = 291) childless adults from Portugal. Gender differences were also explored among sexual minority individuals, regarding their perceptions of received solidarity both from their mothers and fathers. Although sexual orientation had a minor impact on most of the assessed dimensions, compared to heterosexuals, sexual minority participants reported lower levels of normative and affectual solidarity and higher levels of conflictual solidarity. In addition, sexual minority participants experienced higher levels of conflictual solidarity from their fathers compared to their mothers. Among sexual minority participants, women reported lower levels of received functional solidarity compared to men. Findings lend support to interventions to reduce discrimination and improve intergenerational relations among families with LGB adult children.

The present study contributes to the literature on the consequences of social inequality through a qualitative examination of the social functions and meanings of violence in the lives of 20 marginalized women. All of the women in the sample were at some point court involved and were victims, as well as perpetrators, of violence. Findings indicate a need to expand the extant theory to address enforcement (i.e., strengthening) of status level, social inequities (e.g., gendered power disparities), adding to the accommodation/resistance paradigm. Consistent with scholarship conceptualizing violence as contextual and gender as a socio-structural variable, results support the need to better understand the ways in which contexts of gendered inequality - and inequality in general - may promote processes through which survivors of violence accommodate, resist, and enforce oppression. Implications for research and practice related to social inequality are discussed.

Studies have shown that there exists a relationship between exposure to idealized media images and increased self-ratings of body dissatisfaction - defined as a person's negative feelings and ratings of their own body weight and shape (e.g. Galioto & Crowther, 2013; Grabe, Ward, & Hyde, 2008). Using two experimental studies, we examined the impact of exposure to Western media-ideal images on Kenyan, Kenyan Americans, and African Americans' self-perception and body satisfaction. Across the two studies, it was hypothesized that individuals who were exposed to the thin body ideal media images would report more body dissatisfaction than those exposed to overweight images. Findings support these hypotheses and suggest that exposure to Western media body ideal images is significantly related to increased body dissatisfaction. Implications regarding the need to educate people to become critical consumers of media and consequences on social justice are discussed.