Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community最新文献

This study reports results of a measure of a Romanian community's attitudes toward addiction and the hypothetical creation of self-run substance abuse recovery homes called Oxford Houses in Iași, Romania. We list five factors needed to sustain an Oxford House: affordable housing, residents following OH principles, resident income, institutional support, and community support. Because individual Oxford Houses are located in ordinary residential neighborhoods, they rely in part on community support. Descriptive data analyses provided information on four groups based on participants' status: (1) no contact with someone with alcohol misuse; (2) having a potentially alcohol addicted person(s) in their family; (3) definitely having alcohol addicted person(s) in their family; and (4) having an addicted alcohol in recovery person(s) in their family. Results indicated Romanian's favorable attitude toward alcohol addiction as a treatable condition, benefits of being part of an Oxford House, Oxford House rules and principles, and willingness to organize or to participate in events for integrating Oxford House residents into the community. These findings suggest that Oxford House could potentially be accepted by neighborhood residents in Iași, Romania, and this research could inform future efforts to create Oxford Houses in Romania.

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, roughly 65% of the US prison population is diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD) and over 600,000 individuals are released from incarceration yearly. Thus, it is important to better understand the factors that allow individuals recovering from SUD to reintegrate into communities after incarceration. This study sought to understand the relationship between a personality mediator (stability) and quality of life (QOL) and belonging support (BS), as well as the relationship between this mediator and QOL and psychological sense of community (PSOC) for 131 individuals living in Oxford House (OH) recovery homes. Stability was found to mediate the relationship between BS and QOL, as well as PSOC and QOL. The findings suggest that OH is a supportive and positive recovery community for those with criminal justice backgrounds, particularly those with higher stability.

Recovery homes are a widespread community resource that might be utilized by some individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) and COVID-19. A growing collection of empirical literature suggests that housing can act as a low-cost recovery support system which could be effective in helping those with SUD sustain their recovery. Such settings could be already housing many residents affected by COVID-19. Many of these residents are at high risk for COVID-19 given their histories of SUD, homelessness, criminal justice involvement, and psychiatric comorbidity. Stable housing after treatment may decrease the risk of relapse to active addiction, and these types of settings may have important implications for those with housing insecurity who are at risk for being infected with COVID-19. Given the extensive network of community-based recovery homes, there is a need to better understand individual- and organizational-level responses to the COVID-19 pandemic among people in recovery homes as well as those managing and making referrals to the houses. At the present time, it is unclear what the effects of COVID-19 are on recovery home membership retention or dropout rates. This article attempts to provide a better understanding of the possible impact of COVID-19 on the infected and on recovery resources in general.

There is a need to better understand improved recovery supportive services for those on Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) and, at the same time, enhance the available treatment interventions and positive long-term outcomes for this vulnerable population. A growing empirical literature supports the assertion that improved access to housing and recovery support is a low-cost, high-potential opportunity that could help former substance users who are utilizing MAT to sustain their recovery. Recovery home support could serve the populations that need them most, namely servicing a significant number of the enrolled in MAT programs. The two largest networks of recovery homes are staff run Traditional Recovery Homes (TRH) and self-run Oxford House Recovery Homes (OH). There is a need to better understand how substance users on MAT respond to recovery homes, as well as how those in recovery homes feel toward those on MAT and how any barriers to those utilizing MAT may be reduced. Recovery may be an outcome of the transactional process between the recovering individual and his/her social environment. In particular, how recovery houses can help people on MAT attain long-term recovery.

This study examines the effects that substance-using family members have on those working to maintain recovery from substance use disorder. Participants (N = 229) were recruited from Oxford Houses (OH) across North Carolina, Texas, and Oregon. A stepwise linear regression with variables including abstinence self-efficacy, gender, substance use, attendance of Alcoholics Anonymous, and conflict with family and non-family was run to examine associations between the amount of substance using family members in the participant's social network. The abstinence self-efficacy mean score, gender, and days of serious conflict with non-family members were significantly associated with total number of substance-using family members in a participant's social network. These results may indicate that OH's serve as a buffer between substance using family members and one's abstinence self-efficacy. It remains unclear if individuals are at an increased risk of relapse from this familial influence when perceived abstinence self-efficacy drops. If so, OH residents could benefit from interventions that help them maintain their perceived abstinence self-efficacy.

The Relational Theory of Addiction hypothesizes that women's substance abuse SUD development and (SA) recovery experiences differ from men's because of women's tendency to form nested self-concepts and increased relative desire for close interpersonal connections. We suggest that these two differences may have a dynamic and complex influence on recovery success, particularly for women living in group sober homes. This project uses Relational and Social Cognitive Theories as theoretical springboards to investigate the link between Tendency to Engage in Automatic Negatively Affected Social Comparisons (TEANSAC) and Sober Housemate Harmony (SHH) on women's individual perceptions of Abstinence Specific Self-Efficacy (ASSE). We administered short surveys to women (N = 25) that had recently left inpatient SA treatment and were currently living in a group sober home to assess TEANSAC, SHH and ASSE. Results illustrated that higher TEANSAC scores predicted lower ASSE scores. However, SHH did not predict ASSE scores. Finally, an interaction effect was found in which SHH moderated the relationship between TEANSAC and ASSE. Specifically, we found that highly harmonious sober homes may buffer against the negative effects of increased TEANSAC scores. This project suggests that social cognitive and interpersonal variables may be important factors to consider for women's long-term recovery success.

Substance abuse disorders (SUDs) create significant and pervasive health and economic burdens in the U.S. and the world. After primary treatment has ended, supportive social environments are critically important to prevent relapse and to sustain long-term sobriety. Although approaches to SUDs and treatment vary internationally, studies in the United States indicate that a major risk factor for SUD relapse are lack of social environments to support sustained remission from substance use after primary treatment has ended. Evidence suggests that abstinence is enhanced when individuals are embedded in drug-free settings that support abstinence. Longabaugh, Beattie, Noel, and Stout proposed a theory of social support that engages two processes: general social support, which affectspsychological functioning, and abstinence-specific social support, which supports ongoing abstinence from substance use.

The purpose of the present study was to identify correlates of employment among men in substance use recovery, including recovery-related discrimination and social support. A cross-sectional sample of men (N = 164) who lived in sober living homes located across the United States participated in the present study. Data were collected online and through mailed surveys. No socio-demographic variables were associated with employment status. Discriminant Analysis (DA) was conducted to understand how recovery-related discrimination and social support contributed to group separation (employed vs. not employed). Results from this analysis suggested that recovery-related discrimination was the driving force in classification, as men who were not employed had much higher recovery-related discrimination than men who were employed. Men who were not employed also had lower social support scores than men who were employed. Stigma and discrimination may play a large role in employment among former and current substance users. Treatment providers should discuss the impact of stigma on individuals while they are in treatment. However, additional research is needed to more fully understand the relations among discrimination, social support, and employment.

Syringe access programs (SAPs) provide an array of supplies and services to people who inject drugs (PWID). Governmental reports within the United States have often neglected to include the voices of people who utilize SAPs. This project, which was part of a master's of public health practicum, surveyed 28 injection drug users about their experiences with an SAP in a major Midwestern city. Through this work, participants prioritized the supplies they most frequently need and the services they most often utilize. The results of this study may provide guidance to emerging SAPs that are working to prioritize supplies and services.

Obesity represents a significant threat to quality of life and overall health for typically and a typically developing children with those diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) having obesity prevalence at least as high as their typically developing counterparts. A systematic review was conducted on publications describing physical activity interventions with children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We searched Ovid PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PsycNET, Academic Search Complete, and CINAHL, as well as the citations of publications included in the study. Intervention characteristics such as study design, participant age, sample size, mode, frequency, duration, and intensity of activity were abstracted for review. Sixteen studies were selected for review. Aerobic and anaerobic activities were employed across school and community-based settings. Evidence suggests that increasing physical activity in children and adolescents with ASD is likely to improve BMI and physical fitness.