Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community最新文献

Substantial increases in drug overdose deaths, the prevailing lack of access to care for substance use disorder, and the adverse effects of stigma and criminalization underlie the need for comprehensive evidence-based strategies that improve the health, safety, and well-being of people who use drugs. Harm reduction has emerged as a promising approach in the mitigation of substance-related harms. However, many harm reduction strategies remain illegal especially in Kansas. Eleven stakeholders, including law enforcement/criminal justice officials, state legislators, and health care professionals were interviewed to explore their perspectives on harm reduction and gather their recommendations Using reflexive thematic analysis, we developed three themes for the first research question (stigma, alternatives to criminalization, and authentic conversations and relationships) and six themes for the second research question (roadmap to a more comprehensive harm reduction, barriers to harm reduction, facilitators to harm reduction, connection of harm reduction to behavioral health reform, social determinants of health, and protection of public safety).

Purpose: To present information on the feasibility and acceptability of a Stroke Champion "train-the-trainer" program, including lessons learned, for dissemination of stroke prevention knowledge and resources among African Americans (AA) residing within the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN metropolitan area.

Design: One arm pre-post-test design.

Methods: Twelve AA "Stroke Champions" were recruited to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an online stroke prevention education curriculum and peer-to-peer education.

Results: We successfully designed, developed, and implemented a stroke prevention education website for community use. All Stroke Champions completed initial training and evaluation, and reported the usefulness and usability of the website., However, they also reported that they needed more facilitation support from our research team to deliver education in the community.

Conclusion: Engaging Stroke Champions is potentially beneficial in increasing stroke prevention knowledge. However, Stroke Champions need more support to effectively engage, educate, and disseminate knowledge among peers.

This is the introduction paper to the first part of the 2-issue series of the Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community with a focused theme on "Cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in the minority and minoritized communities." Beginning with a brief discussion on the disease burden and healthcare cost related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), this paper offers a quick overview on status and limitation of the existing public health studies that examine the disparities in the risk factors, prevalence, and prevention of CVDs across communities globally and locally. The paper ends with a call for more research to adopt an intersectionality framework and a multiscale lens to study the layered and systemic nature of disparities in CVDs among minority and minoritized communities.

This paper explores the experiences of community service providers supporting criminalized women in Atlantic Canada, focusing on issues related to trauma, victimization, substance use, and motherhood. These providers work within community-based organizations, assisting clients as navigating complex systems, including criminal legal, child protection, and social assistance. The women they support often face multiple forms of stigma and structural barriers due to their intersecting identities.

This research examines how service providers understand the interconnectedness of substance use, criminalization, and motherhood in their clients' lives. It emphasizes the potential of trauma-informed and harm reduction approaches to better support criminalized women's health and pregnancies. Service providers act as crucial advocates, often building trust and forming meaningful relationships with their clients.

Using a feminist methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 providers working with criminalized women (who were previously incarcerated or otherwise in conflict with the law) in Atlantic Canada. The transcripts were analyzed using open and focused coding within a sociology of emotions framework. Themes include service providers encounters with their clients' substance use, the complexities of trust and relationship building, and apprehension and role confusion.

The findings highlight the critical role these providers play in de-stigmatizing substance use and supporting pregnancy through harm reduction approaches. The research emphasizes the need for embedding harm reduction strategies within programs for pregnant women who use substances. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of trauma-informed education and resources for service providers to address stigma, blame, and shame through supportive community service provision.

This study contributes to understanding of how community organizations support criminalized women, addressing challenges such as housing, employment, social support, and system navigation. It emphasizes the significance and impact of harm reduction and trauma-informed approaches in provider-client relationships and on effective service delivery.

Harm reduction services are critical in reducing the adverse consequences of drug use, but their uptake remains limited among marginalized communities. This qualitative study explored how cultural factors influence engagement with harm reduction services among marginalized communities in the United States. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 participants who had utilized or were familiar with harm reduction services. Grounded theory analysis revealed several key themes: (1) The critical role of cultural respect in messaging to build trust and engagement; (2) The profound influence of cultural norms and expectations on service utilization; (3) The importance of culturally appropriate messaging that resonates with community values and experiences; (4) The need for cultural sensitivity in intervention design and implementation to address access barriers. Findings informed the development of a Cultural Attunement Theory for harm reduction interventions, emphasizing the importance of understanding historical factors contributing to mistrust, leveraging cultural strengths, and co-creating culturally respectful messaging with community members. Recommendations are provided for developing culturally centered harm reduction campaigns to increase access, utilization, and health equity.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults and represents the leading cause of mortality. Risk factors for CVD in AI/AN adults are well-described, and a growing body of evidence reports the inequitable prevalence of factors associated with the development of CVD in AI/AN children, including obesity, physical inactivity, and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objective: This article organizes and summarizes the evidence describing CVD risk factors in AI/AN children, discusses the social drivers of health impacting these risks, and highlights several programs that have demonstrated effectiveness in improving AI/AN child health.

Results: Fortunately, multiple community- and Tribal-based programs have aimed to mitigate the impact of obesity, diabetes, and physical activity in AI/AN youth, given that nascent CVD begins in the pediatric years. These efforts include screening, lifestyle choices, including diet and exercise, and, importantly, culturally relevant programming to promote cardiovascular health in AI/AN children.

Discussion: Though at a disproportionate risk for CVD based on biological and social drivers of health, AI/AN children are being prioritized by their communities, and there are many ongoing efforts to support their cardiovascular health. However, further investigation and investment is warranted to protect this population and address ongoing disparities in AI/AN CVD.

The Chilean model of economic development, based on the extraction of natural resources, has had significant environmental and social impacts on the country, especially in rural areas. The research project "Towards the construction of sustainable schools and communities in rural areas in socio-environmental crises" studies the interaction between the unregulated exploitation of natural resources, the resulting socio-environmental crises and the responses of schools and communities in the affected rural areas. Based on a documentary and socio-bibliometric approach, identifying the main issues and research gaps related to the socio-environmental crises in the selected territories. The research showed that there are few studies on the role of rural schools and community organizations in the addressing of the socio-environmental crises of the territories and the fostering of long-term educational and community resilience. This reflects the low visibility that these communities are receiving, despite their significant potential on the matter.

The amount of discarded electronic products (called e-waste) such as printers, monitors, laptops, and their accessories and cables, grows internationally every year. Encouraging and instructing people how to recycle e-waste is necessary for decelerating climate change. Applying the theory of planned behavior, individuals' intent to recycle may vary because of their values, norms, and perceived control. In the present study, 839 adults (430 men, 409 women) completed survey items online through crowdsourcing, offering a representative American sample. Most participants were young and middle-aged (62%) with a bachelor's degree (51%). Hierarchical regression results suggest intent to recycle is predicted partially by our values, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In the face of a climate crisis, we highlight the importance of fostering positive attitudes toward the environment, normalizing pro-environmental behavior, and offering information on how to engage in pro-environmental behavior like recycling.

This ethnographic study examines the effects of a health-promotion intervention involving orienteering in urban parks for first-year Italian vocational students. Green exercise, known to enhance psychological well-being and foster a sense of kinship with nature and community, was chosen to address risk factors in vocational education and training (VET) institutions. Orienteering offers mental and physical benefits while encouraging participation. This study involved 53 students (mean age 14.51) from a VET institution in Milan, employing interviews with teachers and ethnographic observations. Findings indicate that the intervention promoted group cooperation, reduced conflicts, and helped students develop navigation skills while exploring their city. It also strengthened students' connestion with nature and community spaces, fostering a sense of belonging and engagement.

The relationship between food consumption and sustainability has become increasingly relevant due to the significant environmental impacts associated with global food production and consumption systems. However, more conscious food consumption could generate economic benefits, reduce the release of toxic substances and provide direct health benefits to consumers. In recent years, there has been a change in consumption patterns and a more conscious approach to food choices and environmental impact from citizens, particularly young people. This study focuses on how moving away from home affects the eating habits of university students. Using an online questionnaire and adopting a snowball sampling technique, we collected qualitative responses regarding changes in their eating habits after moving, with the aim of exploring the factors and patterns driving these changes. The findings indicate that the nexus between food and sustainability is a pivotal lens through which to examine the social and cultural transformations currently underway.