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Transforming healthcare education with immersive virtual reality simulation: An interprofessional case study 用沉浸式虚拟现实模拟转变医疗保健教育:跨专业案例研究
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.009
Dawn Terzulli DNP, RN, PCCN, CHSE , Kristen Poston DNP, APRN, FNP-C, CHSE , Marc Lapointe PharmD, BCPS , Brandi Townsend BSN, RN , Tese Stephens PhD, MSN, RN, CNE

Background

Educators are challenged with finding innovative interventions to meet the evolving curricular and technological demands of the complex and rapidly changing healthcare landscape. A growing body of literature supports immersive virtual reality simulation (IVRS) as an effective instructional methodology.

Purpose

The purpose of this case study is to explore best practices for IVRS integration with an interprofessional team.

Methods

An interprofessional IVRS pilot was implemented with college of nursing and college of pharmacy students at a large, state-supported academic health sciences center in South Carolina.

Results

Twenty nursing and 20 pharmacy students participated in the pilot. Learners and faculty reported immediately seeing value in the learning experience. The data suggested a positive trend: following the interprofessional IVRS session, all respondents indicated agreement or strong agreement with the statement “I feel confident providing care in an interprofessional, team-based environment,” reflecting increased confidence in their ability to function effectively within an interprofessional team.

Conclusions

Faculty and administrators should use a targeted approach to IVRS implementation, beginning with a thorough evaluation of potential curricular needs followed by designing experiences that align with established regulatory guidelines. If possible, interprofessional IVRS training experiences that are developed and guided by simulation experts are recommended. The flexibility and efficiency that IVRS technology brings to historically labor-intensive IP simulation training is a revolutionary development.
背景教师面临的挑战是寻找创新的干预措施,以满足复杂和快速变化的医疗保健领域不断发展的课程和技术需求。越来越多的文献支持沉浸式虚拟现实模拟(IVRS)作为一种有效的教学方法。本案例研究的目的是探索与跨专业团队集成IVRS的最佳实践。方法在南卡罗来纳州一个大型国家支持的学术卫生科学中心的护理学院和药学院的学生中实施跨专业IVRS试点。结果20名护理专业学生和20名药学专业学生参与了试点。学习者和教师报告说,他们立即看到了学习经验的价值。数据显示了一个积极的趋势:在跨专业的IVRS会议之后,所有受访者都表示同意或强烈同意“我有信心在跨专业、团队为基础的环境中提供护理”这一说法,这反映了他们对在跨专业团队中有效运作的能力的信心增强。教师和管理人员应该使用有针对性的方法来实施IVRS,首先对潜在的课程需求进行全面评估,然后设计符合既定监管指南的经验。如果可能的话,建议由模拟专家开发和指导的跨专业IVRS培训经验。IVRS技术为历史上劳动密集型的IP模拟训练带来的灵活性和效率是一项革命性的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing nursing regulation in the digital era: Harnessing AI to bridge workforce gaps and strengthen practice competency and safety 在数字时代推进护理监管:利用人工智能弥合劳动力缺口,加强实践能力和安全
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.015
Elizabeth H. Zhong PhD , Nancy Spector PhD, RN, FAAN , Charlie O'Hara PhD , Nicole Livanos JD , Jose Delfin Castillo III PhD, MSNA, CRNA, APRN, FAANA
Projections point to persistent and potentially worsening nursing workforce shortages in the United States, with the resulting inadequate staffing posing a risk to patient care. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a disruptive opportunity, not only to relieve staffing pressures but also to fundamentally reshape nursing roles and the healthcare infrastructure. This review aims to advance insight into AI's transformative potential in nursing by examining current and prospective applications of AI across five key domains: workforce planning, education, practice, regulatory frameworks, and the AI-human ecosystem. It highlights key innovations alongside emerging opportunities and risks tied to AI adoption, and it explores ethical concerns, gaps in regulatory guardrails, and implementation challenges that could hinder the responsible and effective integration of AI into nursing practice. Rather than offering definitive answers, the present review aims to encourage ongoing inquiry into the multifaceted role of AI in nursing, fostering solutions that are not only technologically advanced but also ethically sound and human-centered.
预测指出,美国护理人员短缺持续存在,而且可能会恶化,由此导致的人员不足给病人护理带来风险。人工智能(AI)提供了一个颠覆性的机会,不仅可以缓解人员压力,还可以从根本上重塑护理角色和医疗保健基础设施。本综述旨在通过研究人工智能在五个关键领域的当前和未来应用,深入了解人工智能在护理领域的变革潜力:劳动力规划、教育、实践、监管框架和人工智能-人类生态系统。报告强调了与人工智能应用相关的关键创新以及新出现的机遇和风险,并探讨了可能阻碍人工智能负责任和有效地融入护理实践的伦理问题、监管缺口和实施挑战。本综述的目的不是提供明确的答案,而是鼓励对人工智能在护理中的多方面作用进行持续探索,培养不仅在技术上先进,而且在道德上健全和以人为本的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the ethical dimensions of AI integration in nursing practice: A systematic review 探索人工智能在护理实践中的伦理维度:一项系统综述
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.001
Khaldoon Aied Alnawafleh RN, MSN, PhD , Wesam Taher Almagharbeh RN, MSN, PhD , Hazem AbdulKareem Alfanash RN, MSN, PhD , Amal Ali Alasmari RN, MSN, PhD (Assistant Professor) , Amal Ali Alharbi RN, MSN, PhD , Mashael Hasan Alamrani RN, MSN, PhD , Sameer A. Alkubati RN, MSN, PhD , Malik A. Altayar PhD , Khulud Ahmad Rezq RN, MSN, PhD

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly integrated into nursing practice, offering tools such as clinical decision support systems, predictive analytics, and robotic aids. While these technologies promise greater efficiency and precision, they also raise complex ethical challenges specific to the relational, advocacy-driven nature of nursing.

Purpose

To systematically review and synthesize the ethical implications of AI integration in nursing practice, focusing on five key domains: patient autonomy, privacy, accountability, equity and algorithmic bias, and nurse–patient relationships.

Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2018 and 2025 that addressed AI ethics within nursing were included. Data were extracted from included studies and analyzed through thematic synthesis.

Results

Thirty-three articles met the inclusion criteria. Patient autonomy (67%), privacy (61%), and accountability (49%) were the most frequently discussed ethical concerns. AI’s opacity often hindered informed consent and shared decision-making. Privacy risks included secondary data use and insufficient data governance. Accountability remained diffuse in cases of AI error, with nurses caught between professional duty and opaque algorithmic suggestions. Equity and algorithmic bias issues emerged in 42% of studies, especially when AI was trained on nondiverse datasets. Finally, nurse–patient relationships were strained in settings where AI mediated or replaced human contact, particularly in elder care.

Conclusion

Ethical integration of AI in nursing requires nurse-centered system design, transparent governance protocols, and ethical education. Future efforts must emphasize equitable data practices, clarify liability, and preserve the relational foundation of nursing.
人工智能(AI)正越来越多地融入护理实践,提供临床决策支持系统、预测分析和机器人辅助等工具。虽然这些技术承诺更高的效率和精度,但它们也提出了复杂的伦理挑战,具体到护理的关系,倡导驱动的性质。目的系统回顾和综合人工智能在护理实践中的伦理影响,重点关注五个关键领域:患者自主、隐私、问责、公平和算法偏见以及护患关系。方法遵循系统评价和元分析2020指南的首选报告项目,使用PubMed、CINAHL、IEEE explore和谷歌Scholar进行系统评价。2018年至2025年间发表的关于护理中人工智能伦理的研究也被纳入其中。从纳入的研究中提取数据,并通过专题综合进行分析。结果33篇文章符合纳入标准。患者自主权(67%)、隐私(61%)和责任(49%)是最常讨论的伦理问题。人工智能的不透明性经常阻碍知情同意和共同决策。隐私风险包括二次数据使用和数据治理不足。在人工智能出错的情况下,问责制仍然很分散,护士在专业职责和不透明的算法建议之间进退两难。在42%的研究中出现了公平性和算法偏差问题,特别是当人工智能在非多样化数据集上进行训练时。最后,在人工智能介导或取代人类接触的环境中,特别是在老年人护理中,护患关系变得紧张。结论人工智能在护理中的伦理整合需要以护士为中心的系统设计、透明的治理协议和伦理教育。未来的努力必须强调公平的数据实践,明确责任,并保持护理的关系基础。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing nursing practice through simulation: Addressing barriers and advancing the integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare 通过模拟加强护理实践:解决障碍并推进人工智能在医疗保健中的整合
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.004
Mohamed Benfatah PhD , Ilham Elazizi MSN , Hajar Belhaj PhD , Abderrahmane Lamiri PhD

Background

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in nursing practice represents a significant advancement in healthcare, offering promising improvements in clinical decision-making, workflow efficiency, and patient care management. However, its widespread implementation faces obstacles, such as inadequate training, resistance to technological change, and regulatory uncertainties.

Purpose

This study assesses nurses' receptiveness to AI in critical care settings, to identify the main barriers hindering its adoption, and to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-based simulation training in enhancing nurses’ competencies and promoting acceptance of AI technologies in clinical practice.

Methods

A quasi-experimental mixed-methods design was employed. Nurses participated in simulated clinical scenarios using AI tools, including IBM Watsonx and Qventus. Data collection methods included direct clinical observation, competency assessments, satisfaction surveys, and qualitative interviews to gain comprehensive insight into user experience and outcomes.

Results

The study revealed a significant increase in nurses’ confidence in using AI—from 35.9 % before training to 81.3 % after training (p < 0.001)—along with a notable reduction in clinical response time (from 21.4 s to 13.0 s).

Conclusion

Simulation-based training involving AI tools effectively improves nurses’ clinical competencies and confidence, contributing to enhanced patient safety and operational efficiency. To support successful AI integration in nursing practice, healthcare institutions must address training gaps and regulatory barriers. Future initiatives should focus on implementing structured educational programs and developing clear policies to facilitate the ethical and efficient adoption of AI technologies in clinical settings.
人工智能(AI)在护理实践中的整合代表了医疗保健领域的重大进步,在临床决策、工作流程效率和患者护理管理方面提供了有希望的改进。然而,它的广泛实施面临着障碍,例如培训不足、对技术变革的抵制和监管的不确定性。目的本研究评估护士在重症监护环境中对人工智能的接受程度,确定阻碍人工智能采用的主要障碍,并评估基于人工智能的模拟培训在提高护士能力和促进临床实践中对人工智能技术接受度方面的有效性。方法采用准实验混合方法设计。护士使用人工智能工具(包括IBM Watsonx和Qventus)参与模拟临床场景。数据收集方法包括直接临床观察、能力评估、满意度调查和定性访谈,以全面了解用户体验和结果。结果研究显示护士使用人工智能的信心显著增加,从培训前的35.9%增加到培训后的81.3% (p < 0.001),同时临床反应时间显著减少(从21.4秒减少到13.0秒)。结论运用人工智能工具进行模拟培训,有效提高了护士的临床能力和信心,有助于提高患者安全和操作效率。为了支持人工智能在护理实践中的成功整合,医疗机构必须解决培训差距和监管障碍。未来的举措应侧重于实施结构化的教育计划和制定明确的政策,以促进在临床环境中道德和有效地采用人工智能技术。
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引用次数: 0
Regulatory Reflection: AI, cybersecurity, and the new tools of the trade 监管反思:人工智能、网络安全和贸易新工具
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.014
Adrian Guerrero CPM
This article explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity in the evolving landscape of nursing regulation. As regulatory agencies manage increasingly complex responsibilities, AI offers opportunities to enhance decision-making, streamline processes, and deliver more consistent and efficient public protection. From automating licensure workflows to enabling predictive analytics, AI is emerging as a powerful advisory tool for boards of nursing while maintaining the necessity of human oversight. Simultaneously, cybersecurity has become a critical priority, requiring regulators to adopt proactive strategies to safeguard sensitive data, strengthen governance, and ensure ethical implementation of emerging technologies. Highlighting initiatives at the Kansas State Board of Nursing, the article underscores the need for cultural adaptation, workforce training, and cross-jurisdictional collaboration. It calls on regulators to embrace digital literacy, demand algorithmic transparency, and prepare for a future where AI-driven insights and robust cybersecurity frameworks become integral to effective, ethical, and innovative regulation.
本文探讨了人工智能(AI)和网络安全在不断发展的护理监管格局中的变革作用。随着监管机构管理日益复杂的职责,人工智能为加强决策、简化流程和提供更一致、更有效的公共保护提供了机会。从自动化许可证工作流程到实现预测分析,人工智能正在成为护理委员会的强大咨询工具,同时保持人类监督的必要性。与此同时,网络安全已成为一个关键的优先事项,要求监管机构采取积极主动的策略来保护敏感数据,加强治理,并确保新兴技术的道德实施。文章强调了堪萨斯州护理委员会的倡议,强调了文化适应、劳动力培训和跨司法管辖区合作的必要性。它呼吁监管机构接受数字素养,要求算法透明度,并为未来做好准备,在未来,人工智能驱动的洞察力和强大的网络安全框架将成为有效、道德和创新监管的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
AI-enabled fraud detection, prevention, and perpetration in nursing credential evaluation: A scoping study 人工智能在护理证书评估中的欺诈检测、预防和实施:一项范围研究
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.008
Lauren Herckis PhD , Emily Tse MPhil

Background

Credential fraud among healthcare professionals is a global, significant, and ever-evolving challenge. Technological innovations, such as digital imaging and generative artificial intelligence (AI) that make it easier to fabricate documents, have changed the credential evaluation and verification landscape. A global health worker shortage compounds the critical need to maintain integrity, reliability, and rigor in credential verification of healthcare professionals.

Purpose

To identify evidence-based best practices for combatting nursing credential fraud in the context of AI.

Methods

This research effort entailed a scoping review following Arskey and O'Malley's methodological framework to identify scholarly research related to AI and nursing credential fraud. After the scoping review, an environmental scan of grey literature and professional guidance was performed. Integrated analysis of the findings was used to develop themes and recommendations to guide future work.

Results

Four articles, all published between 2020 and 2025, were subjected to full-text review. Of these four articles, none directly addressed AI in perpetrating or combatting nursing credential fraud. The environmental scan revealed practices documented by professional associations and regulatory bodies as well as emerging trends. Five areas of future research are recommended based on these findings: (1) translate existing research, (2) collaborate in cross-functional teams; (3) engage in experimental software development; (4) generate evidence-based guidance; and (5) participate in ongoing evaluation processes.

Conclusions

This study found emerging practices but no empirical research or evidence-based guidance on the use of AI in combatting or perpetuating nursing credential fraud. Literature addressing employment fraud, AI and nursing regulation, and AI in credential evaluation reveal that nursing credential fraud leveraging AI tools requires urgent attention from regulators, credential evaluators, employers, and researchers.
医疗保健专业人员的证书欺诈是一个全球性的、重大的、不断发展的挑战。技术创新,如数字成像和生成式人工智能(AI),使伪造文件变得更容易,已经改变了证书评估和验证的格局。全球卫生工作者短缺加剧了保持卫生保健专业人员证书核查的完整性、可靠性和严谨性的迫切需要。目的确定人工智能背景下打击护理证书欺诈的循证最佳实践。方法本研究工作需要根据Arskey和O'Malley的方法框架进行范围审查,以确定与人工智能和护理证书欺诈相关的学术研究。在范围审查之后,进行灰色文献的环境扫描和专业指导。对调查结果进行了综合分析,以制定指导今后工作的主题和建议。结果4篇发表于2020 - 2025年的论文进行了全文评审。在这四篇文章中,没有一篇直接涉及人工智能在实施或打击护理证书欺诈中的作用。环境扫描揭示了专业协会和监管机构记录的做法以及新兴趋势。基于这些发现,建议未来研究的五个领域:(1)转化现有研究;(2)跨职能团队合作;(三)从事实验软件开发;(4)生成循证指导;(5)参与持续的评价过程。本研究发现了新兴的实践,但没有关于使用人工智能打击或延续护理证书欺诈的实证研究或循证指导。关于就业欺诈、人工智能与护理监管以及人工智能在证书评估中的研究表明,利用人工智能工具的护理证书欺诈需要监管机构、证书评估人员、雇主和研究人员的紧急关注。
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引用次数: 0
Communicating nursing practice AI issues and problems with an informational memo 用信息备忘录沟通护理实践中的人工智能问题
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.002
Janet H. Davis MSN, MBA, PhD, RN, CNE
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引用次数: 0
The experience of prelicensure nursing students in developing & delivering a telehealth multicultural patient education session 准护士学生在远程医疗多元文化患者教育课程的开发与实施经验
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.010
Jessica L. Kamerer EdD, MSN, RNC-NIC , Mary Elizabeth (Betsy) Guimond WHNP, BC, PhD

Background

Telehealth usage has increased drastically worldwide since the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, nurses are working in an increasingly globalized society. Today's healthcare industry requires nurses to use technology routinely in their daily scope of work. Also, nurses must provide patient care that demonstrates cultural humility and competency. This paper presents an example of a qualitative research study in which prelicensure nursing students delivered multicultural patient education sessions, discussing how this experience influenced the development of nursing skills among student participants, including technology use, cultural competency, and cultural humility.

Purpose

The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify themes related to the development of nursing skills for cultural competence and cultural humility in undergraduate prelicensure nursing students after participating in virtual patient education sessions.

Methods

A qualitative research study design was used to examine the experience of undergraduate prelicensure nursing students who delivered prenatal and antepartum patient education to mothers in Uganda via remote synchronous live learning sessions for themes related to cultural humility and competence through the use of semi-structured interviews.

Results

Through analysis, five themes were identified related to participants’ development of cultural competence and cultural humility.

Conclusion

Participants were able to articulate both an appreciation for participation in a real-world project and astute observations regarding aspects of cultural competence and humility skills gained from the project.
背景自2019冠状病毒病大流行以来,全球远程医疗使用量急剧增加。此外,护士在日益全球化的社会中工作。今天的医疗保健行业要求护士在日常工作中经常使用技术。此外,护士提供的病人护理必须表现出文化上的谦逊和能力。本文提出了一个定性研究的例子,在该研究中,获得执照的护理学生提供了多元文化的患者教育课程,讨论了这种经历如何影响学生参与者的护理技能发展,包括技术使用,文化能力和文化谦逊。目的本质性研究旨在探讨本科护生在参加虚拟患者教育课程后,文化能力与文化谦逊护理技能发展的相关主题。方法采用质性研究设计,通过使用半结构化访谈,通过远程同步实时学习课程,对乌干达的准护士本科学生进行产前和产前患者教育,为母亲提供有关文化谦逊和能力的主题。结果通过分析,确定了与被试文化能力和文化谦逊发展相关的五个主题。结论:参与者能够表达对参与现实世界项目的感激之情,以及对从项目中获得的文化能力和谦逊技能方面的敏锐观察。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating APRN regulation in the era of virtual healthcare 在虚拟医疗保健时代导航APRN监管
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.006
Kelli Garber DNP, APRN, PPCNP-BC, FAANP, FAAN , Mahrokh M. Kobeissi DNP, APRN, FNP-C, CPAHA , Tina Gustin DNP, APRN, CNS, FAAN

Background

As telehealth becomes an increasingly integral component of healthcare delivery, advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) must navigate a complex regulatory landscape to ensure compliance and uphold the standard of care.

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to review key regulatory considerations for APRNs providing telehealth care, including licensure requirements, prescribing guidance, privacy and security requirements under HIPAA, and the responsibilities associated with maintaining the standard of care when providing virtual care.

Methods

A comprehensive review of APRN telehealth regulatory compliance was completed to provide detailed guidance. Results: APRN regulatory considerations are reviewed, and the APRN’s role in mitigating risks, preserving quality of care, and ensuring patient safety is highlighted. To support regulatory oversight, the Telehealth Standard of Care Evaluation Matrix, a novel tool designed to guide consistent evaluation of APRN telehealth practice, is presented.

Conclusion

This resource will aid both providers and regulators in ensuring that telehealth encounters meet the same rigorous standards as in-person care.
随着远程医疗日益成为医疗保健服务不可或缺的组成部分,高级执业注册护士(aprn)必须应对复杂的监管环境,以确保合规性并维护护理标准。本文的目的是回顾提供远程医疗的aprn的关键监管事项,包括许可要求、处方指南、HIPAA下的隐私和安全要求,以及在提供虚拟医疗时与维持护理标准相关的责任。方法对APRN远程医疗监管合规性进行综合评价,提供详细指导。结果:审查了APRN监管方面的考虑,并强调了APRN在降低风险、保持护理质量和确保患者安全方面的作用。为了支持监管监督,提出了远程医疗护理标准评估矩阵,这是一种旨在指导APRN远程医疗实践一致评估的新工具。结论:这一资源将有助于提供者和监管机构确保远程医疗满足与面对面护理相同的严格标准。
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引用次数: 0
Nursing and midwifery regulator misconduct hearings in the United Kingdom involving social media: Content analysis and proposed interventions for prevention 英国涉及社交媒体的护理和助产监管机构不当行为听证会:内容分析和建议的预防干预措施
IF 6.3 4区 医学 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnr.2025.08.007
Gemma Ryan-Blackwell DHSci; MSc; PGCertHE; BSc (Hons); DipHE , Felicity Astin PhD

Background

Social media is used widely across the international nursing community for professional purposes. Although the need for such social media use is important, reports of serious misconduct by nurses on social media platforms persist.

Purpose

To examine the context and circumstances of misconduct hearings by the United Kingdom's (UK) professional regulator of nurses and midwives involving social media and to explain the factors that lead to this misconduct.

Methods

This study used a sequential, multiple method content analysis of publicly available UK Nursing and Midwifery Council hearing documents.

Results

Ninety-nine hearing documents were included. Findings revealed two overarching categories of misconduct involving social media: Category A, illegal activity and sexual misconduct, and Category B, unprofessional and unethical behavior. There are several contributory factors that lead to misconduct involving social media platforms, including people's traits (“bad apples”), organizations' cultures (“bad barrels”), and the wider social context and influences (“the larder”).

Conclusion

Having identified contributory factors, this study recommends organizational/regulatory interventions that can help prevent misconduct. Key stakeholders such as employers and education providers may wish to consider interventions that may prevent such cases, such as implementing values-based recruitment or creating an organizational culture that encourages the recognition and raising of concerns.
社交媒体在国际护理界被广泛用于专业目的。尽管使用社交媒体的必要性很重要,但关于护士在社交媒体平台上严重不当行为的报道仍然存在。目的研究英国护士和助产士专业监管机构涉及社交媒体的不当行为听证会的背景和情况,并解释导致这种不当行为的因素。方法:本研究对英国护理和助产委员会公开提供的听证会文件进行了顺序、多方法的内容分析。结果共收集听证文件99份。调查结果揭示了涉及社交媒体的两大类不当行为:A类,非法活动和性行为不端,B类,不专业和不道德的行为。有几个因素导致涉及社交媒体平台的不当行为,包括人的性格(“坏苹果”),组织的文化(“坏桶”),以及更广泛的社会背景和影响(“储藏室”)。在确定了导致不当行为的因素后,本研究建议组织/监管干预措施有助于防止不当行为。雇主和教育提供者等关键利益攸关方可能希望考虑采取干预措施,防止此类情况的发生,例如实施基于价值观的招聘或创造一种鼓励认识和提出关切的组织文化。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Nursing Regulation
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