OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN HEALTH CARE最新文献

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 57 occupational therapy students and 74 students from other health-related fields to explore the relationship between professional identity and explicit attitudes toward disability among university students of occupational therapy and students from other health care fields. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric correlation analyses, and two exploratory linear regression models. Results indicated that occupational therapy students who felt a stronger sense of commitment and energy in their studies were more likely to hold inclusive views toward people with disabilities (p < .05). Furthermore, those in more advanced academic years who experienced a deeper sense of immersion in their university activities reported a greater appreciation for positive outcomes associated with disability (p < .05). These findings underscore the importance of nurturing engagement and inclusive perspectives throughout the occupational therapy curriculum. These findings highlight the need for occupational therapy curricula that emphasize inclusion to strengthen professional identity. Future studies should validate these findings in larger samples and across diverse educational settings.

This study assessed the knowledge, skills, and practices of occupational therapists in Australia regarding the LGBTQIA+ community's health needs. A cross-sectional online survey gathered qualitative data from 130 occupational therapists practicing in Australia. Most participants were women (85%), with 7% identifying as LGBTQIA+. The survey identified four key themes: Understanding LGBTQIA+ identities; Embedding affirming care in practice; Specific occupational therapy skills and practices, and Individual occupational therapist factors. Results indicated that while occupational therapists showed high attitudinal awareness, many lacked the necessary education and training to deliver inclusive care, highlighting a need for enhanced education in this area.

This qualitative narrative study describes the stories of persons with Long COVID. Four individuals participated in semi-structured interviews with photo elicitation. Thematic analysis yielded six themes: symptom complexity, deep emotional impact, changes to daily life, not being believed, navigating healthcare alone, and positive influence of social support illustrating that persons with Long COVID experience major changes in their bodies, routines, and relationships. The results can inform occupational therapy services by encouraging occupational therapy practitioners to pursue updated Long COVID-specific continuing education and address the functional limitations, role competencies, support systems, and life priorities of these clients.

This study investigated differences in independent living skills and executive functioning skills between autistic and neurotypical young adults in addition to how executive functioning skills contribute to independent living skills in autistic young adults. Participants completed the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System as a measure of independent living skills and the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function Adult version to measure executive functioning abilities. The Weekly Calendar Planning Activity was also used as a novel measure of performance-based executive functioning skills. Results demonstrated that independent living skills and executive functioning skills were significantly lower in autistic adults (p<.001) than neurotypical young adults. The WCPA also indicated deficits in the autistic population as demonstrated by following fewer rules, utilizing fewer strategies, lower accuracy, and lower self-awareness of performance. Within autistic adults, self-reported measures of executive functioning skills robustly correlated with independent living skills. While the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity accuracy correlated strongly with self-reported measures of executive function, the accuracy did not significantly correlate with the ABAS-3 scores suggesting a discrepancy between self-report and performance-based measures of executive functioning skills. Results indicated that the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity shows promise to inform clinical practice by providing a window into how the integration of multiple executive functioning skills impact challenges with everyday living in the adult autistic population.

Background: Refugee children face increased psychosocial risks due to displacement stressors. Limited evidence guides occupational therapists selecting effective intervention modalities for this population in high-income country (HIC) schools. This study focuses on middle childhood, a critical developmental stage.

Aims/objectives: To determine expert consensus on occupational therapy intervention modalities and approaches to promote psychosocial wellbeing with refugee children in middle childhood in schools.

Methods: A Delphi study was conducted with occupational therapy experts specializing in psychosocial practice with refugee children. A mixed-methods survey gathered expert opinions and prioritized intervention modalities and approaches suitable for school-based practice in HICs.

Results: Strong consensus was reached on play, followed by creative therapies and client-centred approaches. Experts agreed on incorporating trauma-informed care, emotional regulation, counseling, and stress management strategies. Play supported social skills and taught cultural norms through games. Arts and crafts were the most endorsed creative activity. Play within counseling was an emerging theme. Safe spaces and therapeutic relationships were emphasized within trauma-informed practice.

Conclusion: The study identified expert-endorsed occupational therapy modalities and approaches for refugee children in schools.

Significance: Findings offer foundational guidance for intervention design and future research.

Implicit bias among service providers has a role in how clients receive and experience care within healthcare organizations. There is minimal inquiry related to implicit bias within occupational therapy practice. This exploratory qualitative study was designed to explore the level of awareness of implicit bias among occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs). Nine OTPs self-selected and completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and then participated in a individual interviews or one small focus group. Four themes emerged: (1) most understand implicit bias, moving past acknowledgement is challenging but possible; (2) talking about implicit bias is not easy; (3) tenets of cultural humility can mitigate impacts of implicit bias; (4) education and trainings should be comprehensive. Addressing implicit bias is necessary to reduce disparities in care for minoritized populations. Management of implicit bias requires multiple strategies, based on readiness for change to reduce disparities in healthcare.

This case report highlights the effectiveness of the early application of the Management Tool for Daily Life Performance (MTDLP) in acute-phase stroke occupational therapy, with coordination of occupational therapy services across the continuum of care. A male patient in his 70s with left hemiparesis received interdisciplinary goal-oriented, personalized activities of daily life training. Care transitions were actively managed via transfer sheets and follow-up communication to ensure seamless occupational therapy delivery between facilities. On follow up, one year later, the client regained full ADL independence and meaningful participation suggesting early MTDLP application and coordinated occupational therapy across care settings can improve long-term outcomes.

This study aimed to describe the functional profiles of children with unilateral cerebral palsy who participated in constraint-induced movement therapy and correlate change in hand function after the intervention with factors across the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Twenty-three children aged 5.0 to 13.5 years (SD = 3.08) with unilateral cerebral palsy participated in a two-week (60-h) group-based constraint induced movement therapy program as part of a blinded randomized controlled trial comparing a constraint induced movement therapy camp to constraint induced movement therapy plus virtual reality. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Brief Core Set for Cerebral Palsy (ICF CP Core Set) was administered at baseline. Changes in hand function were measured using the Assisting Hand Assessment at baseline and after intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the ICF CP Core Set results, providing functional profiles of children with unilateral cerebral palsy who participated in constraint induced movement therapy across ICF domains. Assisting Hand Assessment change scores were correlated with the ICF CP Core Set using Spearman's rank analysis to identify characteristics associated with favorable responses to intervention. Positive correlates to change in hand function only included the following ICF CP Core Set environmental supports: Health services, systems, and policies [p = 0.03]; Education and training services, systems, and policies [p = 0.01]; and the Environmental sum score [p ≤ 0.01]. While the clinical presentation of this population necessitates a heavy focus on motor deficits, these findings highlight that environmental factors also play an important role in functional improvement and, ultimately independence in this population.

This study describes the development of the Experiencing Day-to-Day Life Questionnaire (EDLQ) and the initial evaluation of its content validity. The EDLQ was designed to capture both objective participation and subjective experience across seven experiential occupational categories. Using a quantitative descriptive design, content validity was assessed through the input of two participant groups: content experts (N = 11 occupational therapists) and mothers of children with ADHD with lived expertise (N = 10). Content experts rated item relevance and representativeness, while mothers evaluated clarity and comprehensibility through written feedback. Findings demonstrated strong indices of content validity, with revisions suggested to improve clarity, phrasing, and accessibility. These results provide initial support for the EDLQ as a client-centered measure of occupational experience, offering potential to enhance understanding of how objective participation and subjective experience may jointly shape health and well-being.

Pursuing management training within a health profession is motivated by multiple considerations varying according to individuals' values, personalities, and context. This article aims to describe the Quebec-Canada occupational therapists' motivations to become healthcare managers and their appreciation of the management (likes and dislikes/challenges), all analyzed from an ethical perspective. A descriptive phenomenologically inspired approach was used. Data were collected using sociodemographic questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews. The verbatims were analyzed using Husserlian phenomenological reduction. Public- and private-sector managers' groups were compared with descriptive statistics. Results were discussed using the Quadripartite Ethical Framework (Drolet; Drolet & Hudon; and Drolet & Ruest). Twenty-seven occupational therapists-managers (n = 27) from public (n = 15) and private (n = 12) sectors were interviewed. Time as clinician before starting management and training aspects were different between sectors. Three main emerging motivations to become a manager are common to both sectors: personality-related factors, external factors, and desire to improve things. Dissatisfaction with work in the public sector emerged as a fourth motivation within the private sector. In public sector, the most cited motivation was to get involved in decision-making, while it was the desire to work according to one's ways within the private sector. For both sectors, the human dimension and the love of management were the higher appreciated aspects, whereas human resources management issues and heavy workload were the greater challenges. This study highlights duality between professional and managerial logics and the challenge of multiple loyalties. Management training does not necessarily make the work any easier. Occupational therapist managers have ideals, too often shattered by the organizational constraints encountered. Results can contribute to improve occupational therapist' training and leadership development and to better understand ethical issues surrounding healthcare management.