OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN HEALTH CARE最新文献

Students approach learning in different ways, and this study aimed to examine and understand differences in learning approaches between occupational therapy students in Norway and the USA. A total of 321 students, from two universities in the USA and six higher education institutions in Norway, completed the short version of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students. The data were analyzed with linear regression analyses. U.S. students had substantially higher scores on the strategic approach and higher scores on the deep approach, compared to the Norwegian students. Differences may be due to different national regulations and levels of education required for entering the programs, or personal factors such as predisposition for learning.

There is an increased number of publications concerning the mental health of occupational therapy students. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictors of psychological resilience in occupational therapy students in terms of different variables. Four scales measuring resilience, psychological flexibility, coping and coping attitudes were used in this study. Predictors of resilience were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis with the backward elimination. It was determined that psychological resilience, psychological flexibility, and coping attitudes are interrelated concepts (p < 0.05). This is the first study to examine the predictors of the concept of resilience in occupational therapy students in terms of different variables. The results show that students' psychological flexibility and positive coping behaviors need to be improved to develop psychological resilience.

The purpose of this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group study was to examine the effect of group synchronous action observation/mental practice intervention compared to usual rehabilitation care on upper extremity motor recovery after stroke. The intervention group (n = 25) received usual care, consisting of a minimum of 3 hours of rehabilitation services per day, 5 days a week, plus group synchronous action observation/mental practice sessions 3 times per week and the control group (n = 26) received usual care. Outcome measures included the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire Short Version (KVIQ-10), the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-UE) of affected upper extremity motor function only and The Box and Block Test (BBT). Although there were no statistically significant differences in upper extremity motor function between the two groups, a subgroup analysis of the intervention group identified statistically significant (FMA-UE: p < .001; BBT: p = .04) and Minimally Important Clinical Differences on upper extremity motor recovery between patients with behaviors demonstrating more versus less commitment to the intervention. Group synchronous action observation/mental practice is a promising intervention for patients demonstrating commitment to actively participating in the intervention to improve outcomes on upper extremity motor recovery after stroke.

The objective of this study is to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Pizzi Health and Wellness Assessment (PHWA) by comparing the consistency in scores between clients and their caregivers in the following areas of participation: social, physical, family, occupational, mental/emotional, and spiritual. A retrospective inter-rater correlational design was used to analyze the agreement of scores from a convenience sample consisting of two groups: clients with disabilities (n = 19) and their healthy caregivers (n = 19). Inter-rater reliability was calculated using correlations for the PHWA as a whole, and for the current level of participation and wishing to improve participation subsections. Inter-rater reliability as calculated by an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, and either the Pearson or Spearman rho correlation and found to be reliable between clients and caregivers (r_ICC = .636, p < .001; rho = .642, p < .001). More specifically, current level of participation demonstrated acceptable reliability (r_ICC = .513, p < .001; r = .521, p < .001) as did wishing to improve participation (r_ICC = .689, p < .001; r = .725, p < .001). This supports the PHWA as a clinically relevant health and wellness occupational therapy assessment.

The Health Enhancement Lifestyle Profile (HELP) was an assessment instrument for health-related behaviors and was translated into Japanese (HELP-J) using subjective rating scales. This study investigated the internal validity of the HELP-J using a Rasch analysis. Snowball and purposive sampling were used for data collection. The data obtained from the 109 respondents were subjected to Rasch analysis to assess their internal validity. The rating scale analysis supported a 3-category scale; five of the seven subscales showed unidimensionality. Thus, this study presents essential information on the possibility of translating the original HELP into Japanese and converting it into a unidimensional scale.

This study aimed to gain knowledge about the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between learning concepts and approaches to studying among occupational therapy students. A repeated cross-sectional design was combined with a longitudinal study design. Self-report questionnaires assessed sociodemographic variables, learning concepts, and approaches to studying (deep/strategic/surface). Linear regression analyses (n ranging between 109 and 193 in the analyses) showed that higher transforming concept ratings were consistently associated with higher ratings on the deep study approach, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Higher reproducing concept ratings were positively associated with higher strategic approach ratings in the second and third study years. In view of the results, students' understanding of what learning is impacts on their study attitudes and behaviors, which in turn is likely to influence learning outcomes and academic performance.

This case-control study examined cognitive function in patients with mild idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in comparison with controls or moderate-to-severe IPF. Ten mild IPF, 10 moderate-to-severe IPF, and 16 controls were enrolled, and performance on seven different cognitive function tests was compared in each group. IPF showed decreased cognitive function compared to controls in verbal memory, cognitive flexibility and information processing speed. As the scores were lower even in mild IPF, this study suggests that cognitive function declines early in the disease process of IPF. Thus, occupational therapy for IPF should require an assessment of cognitive function and assistance appropriate to the client's function.

This study aimed to identify commonly used standardized cognitive screens and functional performance assessments among occupational therapy practitioners at level 1 trauma centers in the USA. A survey completed by 269 occupational therapy practitioners revealed the most common cognitive screens and the association between cognitive tool training and standardized cognitive tool implementation. Implications for practice are discussed with suggestions for improving occupational therapy practice.

This study investigated the relationship between freezing of gait and daily activities among individuals with mild cognitive impairment due to Parkinson's disease by determining differences in caregiver-reported daily activity performance between individuals with and without freezing of gait. Cross-sectional baseline data from a longitudinal cohort study were used with 24 participants. Caregivers completed the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ). Using a Mann-Whitney U test, findings indicated that participants with freezing of gait reported overall higher functional impairment levels on the ADLQ (p=.001), including the household, travel, self-care, employment and recreation, and communication subscores, indicating more perceived impairment. Findings show freezing of gait is associated with daily activity limitations in the home and the community among individuals with mild cognitive impairment due to Parkinson's disease. Clinicians should consider assessing freezing of gait, as early detection can inform the selection of interventions and strategies to minimize its impact on the performance of daily activities.