Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2022.2068692
Karen Everett
ABSTRACT In 2019, Canada released its newest Arctic strategy, the Arctic and Northern Policy Framework. This is Canada’s first regional strategy to deal with border management, it was co-developed with northerners, and includes four northern partner chapters in addition to those by the federal government. This article examines how border management is addressed by both the federal government and northern partners using a comprehensive approach to security that frames the analysis in the Copenhagen School’s five security sectors (military, political, societal, economic, and environmental). Analysis shows that elements of border management are evident in all sectors, meaning there are a wide range of considerations for policy and practice. While border management is only prioritized in the federal chapters, this does not mean that border management is not important to northerners. For example, the partner chapters discuss issues indirectly related to the border, and border management was discussed during the strategy’s consultation process. Moving forward, policy development must continue to be co-developed to ensure the needs of all regional actors are addressed.
{"title":"Northern border management: different perceptions from Canada’s Arctic and Northern Policy Framework","authors":"Karen Everett","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2022.2068692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.2068692","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2019, Canada released its newest Arctic strategy, the Arctic and Northern Policy Framework. This is Canada’s first regional strategy to deal with border management, it was co-developed with northerners, and includes four northern partner chapters in addition to those by the federal government. This article examines how border management is addressed by both the federal government and northern partners using a comprehensive approach to security that frames the analysis in the Copenhagen School’s five security sectors (military, political, societal, economic, and environmental). Analysis shows that elements of border management are evident in all sectors, meaning there are a wide range of considerations for policy and practice. While border management is only prioritized in the federal chapters, this does not mean that border management is not important to northerners. For example, the partner chapters discuss issues indirectly related to the border, and border management was discussed during the strategy’s consultation process. Moving forward, policy development must continue to be co-developed to ensure the needs of all regional actors are addressed.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"162 1","pages":"177 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80645492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2022.2046195
Alexis Sancho-Reinoso, G. Saxinger, Christoph Fink, Olga Povoroznyuk, Sigrid Irene Wentzel, G. Illmeier, P. Schweitzer, N. Krasnoshtanova, V. Kuklina
ABSTRACT The construction of railroad infrastructure in East Siberia and the Russian Far East was a key aspect of Soviet industrialization during the 1970s and 1980s. Although built primarily for freight transportation, the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) and the Amur-Yakutsk Mainline (AYaM) have also been used for passenger transport and have thus contributed to increased mobility and heightened local expectations about future mobility. This article presents the results of an extensive survey carried out in the BAM/AYaM region, which maps experiences of individual mobility, including usage-related needs, practices, and expectations. The findings show low levels of satisfaction differing across the region’s social and spatial diversity. The paper argues that hierarchies of mobility prevail at two related levels in the BAM/AYaM region: 1) the state’s regional development policies favor industrial development, focusing on freight transportation while neglecting local passengers’ needs for improved individual mobility; and 2) intersectional structural conditions along lines of diversity, such as gender, age, ethnicity, and place of residence, result in mobility disadvantage and lower mobility satisfaction. These hierarchies are embedded in the broader social and spatial inequality structures in the Russian Federation.
{"title":"Mapping hierarchies of mobility in the Baikal Amur Mainline region: a quantitative account of needs and expectations relating to railroad usage","authors":"Alexis Sancho-Reinoso, G. Saxinger, Christoph Fink, Olga Povoroznyuk, Sigrid Irene Wentzel, G. Illmeier, P. Schweitzer, N. Krasnoshtanova, V. Kuklina","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2022.2046195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.2046195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The construction of railroad infrastructure in East Siberia and the Russian Far East was a key aspect of Soviet industrialization during the 1970s and 1980s. Although built primarily for freight transportation, the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) and the Amur-Yakutsk Mainline (AYaM) have also been used for passenger transport and have thus contributed to increased mobility and heightened local expectations about future mobility. This article presents the results of an extensive survey carried out in the BAM/AYaM region, which maps experiences of individual mobility, including usage-related needs, practices, and expectations. The findings show low levels of satisfaction differing across the region’s social and spatial diversity. The paper argues that hierarchies of mobility prevail at two related levels in the BAM/AYaM region: 1) the state’s regional development policies favor industrial development, focusing on freight transportation while neglecting local passengers’ needs for improved individual mobility; and 2) intersectional structural conditions along lines of diversity, such as gender, age, ethnicity, and place of residence, result in mobility disadvantage and lower mobility satisfaction. These hierarchies are embedded in the broader social and spatial inequality structures in the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"45 1","pages":"157 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74099609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032448
A. Fadeev, S. Lipina, K. Zaikov
ABSTRACT The development of offshore deposits of hydrocarbon resources requires the involvement of not only advanced equipment and technologies, but also highly qualified specialists, the creation of educational and research centers. It is extremely important to find a rational strategy for offshore production and use of natural resources, harmonized with socio-economic objectives in order to preserve the vulnerable nature and ethnic heritage of the Russian Arctic, as well as to determine the optimal number of personnel involved in projects. The most important tool for strategic planning in the development of offshore hydrocarbon fields will be the proposed model of the balance between the existing human potential and the need for it, reflecting the specifics of the requirements and competencies for human resources at the stages of geological exploration, production and transportation of oil and gas raw materials. The results of the authors' research on the analysis of the staffing of projects for the hydrocarbon resources development in the Arctic and the tools for forecasting and planning the number of personnel of a certain qualification for work in the Arctic zone, described in this paper, can be used in a comprehensive analysis of the needs for the provision of existing and prospective projects in the Arctic.
{"title":"Staffing for the development of the Arctic offshore hydrocarbon fields","authors":"A. Fadeev, S. Lipina, K. Zaikov","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of offshore deposits of hydrocarbon resources requires the involvement of not only advanced equipment and technologies, but also highly qualified specialists, the creation of educational and research centers. It is extremely important to find a rational strategy for offshore production and use of natural resources, harmonized with socio-economic objectives in order to preserve the vulnerable nature and ethnic heritage of the Russian Arctic, as well as to determine the optimal number of personnel involved in projects. The most important tool for strategic planning in the development of offshore hydrocarbon fields will be the proposed model of the balance between the existing human potential and the need for it, reflecting the specifics of the requirements and competencies for human resources at the stages of geological exploration, production and transportation of oil and gas raw materials. The results of the authors' research on the analysis of the staffing of projects for the hydrocarbon resources development in the Arctic and the tools for forecasting and planning the number of personnel of a certain qualification for work in the Arctic zone, described in this paper, can be used in a comprehensive analysis of the needs for the provision of existing and prospective projects in the Arctic.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"17 1","pages":"101 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75235875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032449
Roger Marjavaara, Robert O. Nilsson, D. Müller
ABSTRACT The European North has long attracted travelers, the selling point often being the availability of nature and wilderness. Recent developments, however, suggest a greater variety of tourism motivations, including new products such as dogsled tours, aurora borealis watching, snowmobiling, and stays at ice hotels. Many of these firms use names containing the term ‘Arctic' or similar terminology related to imaginations of the Far North. The chosen terminology is considered one example of the process of ‘Arctification'. However, there is a limitation in descriptive knowledge about the overall Arctification of the region’s tourism industry. Hence, this article aims to illustrate the Arctification of the tourism industry by mapping the changing geographies of firm names. Through its results, the study aims to contribute an understanding of how firm naming is part of the tourism production, and how this influences the reimaging and delineation of regions. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, extracting data from the Retriever Business database. The results show a clear development of tourism firms increasingly using Arctic terminology in their firm names. Also, the tourism firms’ locations show patterns of spatial differences related to the region’s natural environment, population density, infrastructure, and the firms’ age.
{"title":"The Arctification of northern tourism: a longitudinal geographical analysis of firm names in Sweden","authors":"Roger Marjavaara, Robert O. Nilsson, D. Müller","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032449","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The European North has long attracted travelers, the selling point often being the availability of nature and wilderness. Recent developments, however, suggest a greater variety of tourism motivations, including new products such as dogsled tours, aurora borealis watching, snowmobiling, and stays at ice hotels. Many of these firms use names containing the term ‘Arctic' or similar terminology related to imaginations of the Far North. The chosen terminology is considered one example of the process of ‘Arctification'. However, there is a limitation in descriptive knowledge about the overall Arctification of the region’s tourism industry. Hence, this article aims to illustrate the Arctification of the tourism industry by mapping the changing geographies of firm names. Through its results, the study aims to contribute an understanding of how firm naming is part of the tourism production, and how this influences the reimaging and delineation of regions. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, extracting data from the Retriever Business database. The results show a clear development of tourism firms increasingly using Arctic terminology in their firm names. Also, the tourism firms’ locations show patterns of spatial differences related to the region’s natural environment, population density, infrastructure, and the firms’ age.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"109 1","pages":"119 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80689079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032447
J. Taarup-Esbensen, O. Gudmestad
ABSTRACT Despite the obvious economic advantages of utilising supply chains across the northern routes, there are significant challenges to their reliability. Every year an increasing number of ships venture into the region to supply, extract or transit the most northern parts of the world. However, supply chain reliability has been a significant challenge for ship operators, despite technological and organisational innovations. This paper investigates the hazards that face Arctic supply chain reliability in the region surrounding Baffin Bay and Greenland as well as the technological and organisational developments that are adopted to mitigate them. A bow-tie approach is used to illustrate the challenges faced by the shipping industry. We conclude that increased traffic will require significant investments in systems and infrastructure developments to manage Arctic hazards, thereby increasing reliability. Specifically, protective barriers like emergency response and icebreaker capacity need to be upgraded and positioned closer to emerging shipping lanes. Northwest Canada and Greenland are both poorly covered in terms of helicopter search and rescue and icebreaker availability. The consequence is that, with the increase in traffic outside the traditional busy routes in the south, supply chains lack access to effective Arctic hazard barriers.
{"title":"Arctic supply chain reliability in Baffin Bay and Greenland","authors":"J. Taarup-Esbensen, O. Gudmestad","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the obvious economic advantages of utilising supply chains across the northern routes, there are significant challenges to their reliability. Every year an increasing number of ships venture into the region to supply, extract or transit the most northern parts of the world. However, supply chain reliability has been a significant challenge for ship operators, despite technological and organisational innovations. This paper investigates the hazards that face Arctic supply chain reliability in the region surrounding Baffin Bay and Greenland as well as the technological and organisational developments that are adopted to mitigate them. A bow-tie approach is used to illustrate the challenges faced by the shipping industry. We conclude that increased traffic will require significant investments in systems and infrastructure developments to manage Arctic hazards, thereby increasing reliability. Specifically, protective barriers like emergency response and icebreaker capacity need to be upgraded and positioned closer to emerging shipping lanes. Northwest Canada and Greenland are both poorly covered in terms of helicopter search and rescue and icebreaker availability. The consequence is that, with the increase in traffic outside the traditional busy routes in the south, supply chains lack access to effective Arctic hazard barriers.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"111 1","pages":"77 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87797630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032859
Bethany Thiessen, B. Noble, K. Hanna
ABSTRACT Knowledge brokering is a process of communication and interaction aimed at knowledge exchange and learning between parties with different knowledge bases This paper examines knowledge brokering in Arctic environmental assessment (EA) as a mechanism to support learning, build capacity, and sharing power. The study assessed enabling conditions and challenges to knowledge brokering in the eastern Canadian Arctic under the Nunavut EA process, managed by the Nunavut Impact Review Board. Methods included focus groups and review of legislation, process documents, and EA guidance to examine how the regulatory environment and Board’s EA process support knowledge brokering. Results illustrate that if EA is to support knowledge brokering, it should focus not only on communities but also on EA institutions – those that directly enable and support knowledge brokering, and those that provide ancillary information and have important regulatory roles. Enabling EA as a platform for brokering knowledge also requires investment beyond that provided through project-by-project funding models. While many jurisdictions are catching up to EA systems in Canada’s Arctic, and learning how to incorporate best-practices for Indigenous engagement and knowledge sharing, Nunavut’s co-managed process offers a model and learning opportunities for exploring the implementation conditions necessary for effective knowledge brokering through EA.
{"title":"Enabling conditions and challenges to environmental assessment as a tool for knowledge brokerage: lessons from Nunavut","authors":"Bethany Thiessen, B. Noble, K. Hanna","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.2032859","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Knowledge brokering is a process of communication and interaction aimed at knowledge exchange and learning between parties with different knowledge bases This paper examines knowledge brokering in Arctic environmental assessment (EA) as a mechanism to support learning, build capacity, and sharing power. The study assessed enabling conditions and challenges to knowledge brokering in the eastern Canadian Arctic under the Nunavut EA process, managed by the Nunavut Impact Review Board. Methods included focus groups and review of legislation, process documents, and EA guidance to examine how the regulatory environment and Board’s EA process support knowledge brokering. Results illustrate that if EA is to support knowledge brokering, it should focus not only on communities but also on EA institutions – those that directly enable and support knowledge brokering, and those that provide ancillary information and have important regulatory roles. Enabling EA as a platform for brokering knowledge also requires investment beyond that provided through project-by-project funding models. While many jurisdictions are catching up to EA systems in Canada’s Arctic, and learning how to incorporate best-practices for Indigenous engagement and knowledge sharing, Nunavut’s co-managed process offers a model and learning opportunities for exploring the implementation conditions necessary for effective knowledge brokering through EA.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"137 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80864818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2021.1995065
D. Brunnschweiler, F. Nelson
ABSTRACT Altiplanation (cryoplanation) terraces are conspicuous and widespread elements of upland landscapes in Alaska’s interior. They occur in staircase-like series, primarily along divides in ridge-crest positions, and as summit platforms. Flanks (side slopes) consist of a steep upper section composed of coarse clastic debris and amorphous solifluction forms, grading through a break in slope (the ‘solischrund’) to a gentler lower section (cryopediment) dominated by well-defined solifluction lobes and low-order hillslope hydrological networks. An individual terrace unit consists of a steep scarp (riser) and a subjacent gently inclined tread (platform). A sequential group or series of adjacent terrace units, descending from a summit platform along ridge crests, are referred to collectively as an altiplanorium. Altiplanation terraces are a prominent feature of the altitudinal zonal arrangement of landscape phenomena in interior Alaska, and are confined to the upland periglacial zone between 915 and 1675 m.a.s.l. They are positioned below the contemporary snowline. Three study areas are given detailed verbal, cartographic, and photographic description. These areas (Mount Fairplay, High Valley/Denali Mountain, and Goodpaster Uplands) could serve as type localities for altiplanation landform assemblages. An appendix identifies the locations of many other areas in the Alaskan interior containing well-developed altiplanation landforms, and demonstrates the widespread geographic distribution of these landforms.
{"title":"The morphology of altiplanation in interior Alaska","authors":"D. Brunnschweiler, F. Nelson","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2021.1995065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2021.1995065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Altiplanation (cryoplanation) terraces are conspicuous and widespread elements of upland landscapes in Alaska’s interior. They occur in staircase-like series, primarily along divides in ridge-crest positions, and as summit platforms. Flanks (side slopes) consist of a steep upper section composed of coarse clastic debris and amorphous solifluction forms, grading through a break in slope (the ‘solischrund’) to a gentler lower section (cryopediment) dominated by well-defined solifluction lobes and low-order hillslope hydrological networks. An individual terrace unit consists of a steep scarp (riser) and a subjacent gently inclined tread (platform). A sequential group or series of adjacent terrace units, descending from a summit platform along ridge crests, are referred to collectively as an altiplanorium. Altiplanation terraces are a prominent feature of the altitudinal zonal arrangement of landscape phenomena in interior Alaska, and are confined to the upland periglacial zone between 915 and 1675 m.a.s.l. They are positioned below the contemporary snowline. Three study areas are given detailed verbal, cartographic, and photographic description. These areas (Mount Fairplay, High Valley/Denali Mountain, and Goodpaster Uplands) could serve as type localities for altiplanation landform assemblages. An appendix identifies the locations of many other areas in the Alaskan interior containing well-developed altiplanation landforms, and demonstrates the widespread geographic distribution of these landforms.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83348652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2021.1995067
Leneisja Jungsberg, L. Herslund, Kjell Nilsson, Shinan Wang, Soňa Tomaškovičová, Karl Madsen, Johanna Scheer, T. Ingeman‐Nielsen
ABSTRACT Global warming has reduced the extent of permafrost, increased permafrost temperatures, and deepened the active layer across the Arctic. Permafrost degradation has detrimental effects on infrastructure and negative impacts on ecosystem services for many Arctic communities. This study examines the adaptive capacity for managing permafrost degradation in Northwest Greenland. The methods are based on questionnaire and interview data from fieldwork, frozen ground temperature records and published data forecasting the deepening of the active layer. Results illustrate the impact of permafrost degradation on the physical environment, hunting and harvesting, housing, and the economy in Northwest Greenland. House owners are mending damage caused by ground movement, and local institutions are concerned with the maintenance of roads and other public infrastructure impacted by permafrost. The scientific knowledge needed to inform decision-making is useful for identifying overall changes, but existing data sources are scarce, and more detailed permafrost maps are needed for long-term town planning. The study concludes that many individuals and institutions engage in autonomous adaptation on an ad hoc basis, rather than pursuing an overall strategy to increase the adaptive capacity in advance of future permafrost degradation in Northwest Greenland.
{"title":"Adaptive capacity to manage permafrost degradation in Northwest Greenland","authors":"Leneisja Jungsberg, L. Herslund, Kjell Nilsson, Shinan Wang, Soňa Tomaškovičová, Karl Madsen, Johanna Scheer, T. Ingeman‐Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2021.1995067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2021.1995067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Global warming has reduced the extent of permafrost, increased permafrost temperatures, and deepened the active layer across the Arctic. Permafrost degradation has detrimental effects on infrastructure and negative impacts on ecosystem services for many Arctic communities. This study examines the adaptive capacity for managing permafrost degradation in Northwest Greenland. The methods are based on questionnaire and interview data from fieldwork, frozen ground temperature records and published data forecasting the deepening of the active layer. Results illustrate the impact of permafrost degradation on the physical environment, hunting and harvesting, housing, and the economy in Northwest Greenland. House owners are mending damage caused by ground movement, and local institutions are concerned with the maintenance of roads and other public infrastructure impacted by permafrost. The scientific knowledge needed to inform decision-making is useful for identifying overall changes, but existing data sources are scarce, and more detailed permafrost maps are needed for long-term town planning. The study concludes that many individuals and institutions engage in autonomous adaptation on an ad hoc basis, rather than pursuing an overall strategy to increase the adaptive capacity in advance of future permafrost degradation in Northwest Greenland.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"31 1","pages":"58 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91204451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.1080/1088937x.2021.1988000
K. Nyland, N. Shiklomanov, D. Streletskiy, F. Nelson, A. Klene, A. Kholodov
The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) network is an ongoing international effort to collect and disseminate standardized measurements of active-layer dynamics to monitor the response of near-surface permafrost parameters to climate change. This work presents a distillation of 25 years (1995–2019) of observations from three north–south transects of CALM sites in tundra environments of Alaska. Transects examined in this work bisect tundra regions of discontinuous permafrost on the Seward Peninsula, and the continuous permafrost zone on the western and eastern sections of the Arctic Foothills and Arctic Coastal Plain. These transects represent regional climatic gradients, several physiographic provinces, and regionally characteristic landcover associations. Total active-layer thickening at observed sites ranged from 7 to 26 cm; more significant thaw occurred in the foothills despite less pronounced warming air temperature trends. This summary highlights several regional active layer responses to climate warming, complicated by distinct thermal landscape sensitivities, landscape variability, and documented thaw subsidence. Data summarized in this report are publicly available and represent an important validation resource for earth-system models that include regions in the continuous and discontinuous permafrost zones of northern and western Alaska. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 30 November 2020 Accepted 28 September 2021
{"title":"Long-term Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program observations in Northern Alaskan tundra","authors":"K. Nyland, N. Shiklomanov, D. Streletskiy, F. Nelson, A. Klene, A. Kholodov","doi":"10.1080/1088937x.2021.1988000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937x.2021.1988000","url":null,"abstract":"The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) network is an ongoing international effort to collect and disseminate standardized measurements of active-layer dynamics to monitor the response of near-surface permafrost parameters to climate change. This work presents a distillation of 25 years (1995–2019) of observations from three north–south transects of CALM sites in tundra environments of Alaska. Transects examined in this work bisect tundra regions of discontinuous permafrost on the Seward Peninsula, and the continuous permafrost zone on the western and eastern sections of the Arctic Foothills and Arctic Coastal Plain. These transects represent regional climatic gradients, several physiographic provinces, and regionally characteristic landcover associations. Total active-layer thickening at observed sites ranged from 7 to 26 cm; more significant thaw occurred in the foothills despite less pronounced warming air temperature trends. This summary highlights several regional active layer responses to climate warming, complicated by distinct thermal landscape sensitivities, landscape variability, and documented thaw subsidence. Data summarized in this report are publicly available and represent an important validation resource for earth-system models that include regions in the continuous and discontinuous permafrost zones of northern and western Alaska. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 30 November 2020 Accepted 28 September 2021","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80588056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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