Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1861956
S. Galman
ABSTRACT This paper presents data from a multi-year ethnography of a rural preschool in the United States in which children engaged in substantial free and structured imaginative play. An unexpected parent death during the course of the data collection period was followed by a spate of death-related play and storytelling by the children, with varied adult reactions. These analyses explore this death play, problematise the adult responses to ‘inappropriate’ play and stories, and question the sanitised and curated nature of what play – and by extension what children – are valued and valorised in preschool. Implications for how children’s unruly or uncomfortable play is understood and acted upon by adults, and the complex importance of play in early childhood learning contexts, conclude the paper.
{"title":"Nicole’s mother is dead: death games, unruly stories, and what matters in preschool","authors":"S. Galman","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1861956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1861956","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents data from a multi-year ethnography of a rural preschool in the United States in which children engaged in substantial free and structured imaginative play. An unexpected parent death during the course of the data collection period was followed by a spate of death-related play and storytelling by the children, with varied adult reactions. These analyses explore this death play, problematise the adult responses to ‘inappropriate’ play and stories, and question the sanitised and curated nature of what play – and by extension what children – are valued and valorised in preschool. Implications for how children’s unruly or uncomfortable play is understood and acted upon by adults, and the complex importance of play in early childhood learning contexts, conclude the paper.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1861956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45525918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1861955
Eva Gulløv
ABSTRACT This article concerns young children’s social preferences in early childcare in Denmark. Based on detailed and long-term ethnographic observations, the analysis shows how children’s choices of playmates are patterned in ways that reflect their various social and cultural experiences in and out of the institutional settings. In general, children seem to prefer to be with others who share and acknowledge the same kinds of knowledge, experiences, and references and this leads to a pattern of rather distinct social interest-groups. The article explores why such lines of divisions are to be found in an institutional context designed to overcome social inequality and prevent social fragmentation. Furthermore, it argues that systematic ethnographic observations not only can help to understand what matters in early childcare for different persons, but also examine the social processes behind preferences and priorities and how they resonate with social divisions of broader society.
{"title":"Exploring divisions What to be learned from observing young children’s social preferences","authors":"Eva Gulløv","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1861955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1861955","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article concerns young children’s social preferences in early childcare in Denmark. Based on detailed and long-term ethnographic observations, the analysis shows how children’s choices of playmates are patterned in ways that reflect their various social and cultural experiences in and out of the institutional settings. In general, children seem to prefer to be with others who share and acknowledge the same kinds of knowledge, experiences, and references and this leads to a pattern of rather distinct social interest-groups. The article explores why such lines of divisions are to be found in an institutional context designed to overcome social inequality and prevent social fragmentation. Furthermore, it argues that systematic ethnographic observations not only can help to understand what matters in early childcare for different persons, but also examine the social processes behind preferences and priorities and how they resonate with social divisions of broader society.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1861955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48277202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1858322
Natalia Albornoz, Jenny Assaél, J. Redondo
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to understand, through an ethnography, how interactions and dialogue transpire in the classrooms of three high-risk primary schools in Santiago, Chile. We address the problem in an educational model with an evaluation system based on high-stakes testing. The results give an account of interactions do not favour dialogue, there is a prevalence of a sequence of expository class, individual work and monitoring, hurry to cover the curriculum predominate, and the evaluation standards for learning are limited to content tests in the form of a standardised high-stakes test. The rationale behind these classroom practices follows a circular logic where the students are both the cause and consequence of the lack of dialogue.
{"title":"The circle of non-dialogue: everyday interactions at schools located in vulnerable areas and Chilean educational system","authors":"Natalia Albornoz, Jenny Assaél, J. Redondo","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1858322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1858322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to understand, through an ethnography, how interactions and dialogue transpire in the classrooms of three high-risk primary schools in Santiago, Chile. We address the problem in an educational model with an evaluation system based on high-stakes testing. The results give an account of interactions do not favour dialogue, there is a prevalence of a sequence of expository class, individual work and monitoring, hurry to cover the curriculum predominate, and the evaluation standards for learning are limited to content tests in the form of a standardised high-stakes test. The rationale behind these classroom practices follows a circular logic where the students are both the cause and consequence of the lack of dialogue.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1858322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48034393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1839778
D. Albon
ABSTRACT Scent matters in the lives of humans (and other living creatures). However, thus far, it is largely unexplored in ethnographic work in education. Drawing on and adding to the literature on ‘smellscapes’ as a way of conceptualising space, this paper adds new insights into early childhood education and care (ECEC) by reporting on the differentials in scent between the staffroom and the baby room in a nursery in Central London. In so doing, the distinctive aromas of disinfectant and spices, which characterised these two spaces, are interrogated in order to consider children and educators’ embodied experiences of scent as well as well as to evidence examples of generational and racial inequities.
{"title":"Scent and scent-orship in the nursery: why does it matter?","authors":"D. Albon","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1839778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1839778","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scent matters in the lives of humans (and other living creatures). However, thus far, it is largely unexplored in ethnographic work in education. Drawing on and adding to the literature on ‘smellscapes’ as a way of conceptualising space, this paper adds new insights into early childhood education and care (ECEC) by reporting on the differentials in scent between the staffroom and the baby room in a nursery in Central London. In so doing, the distinctive aromas of disinfectant and spices, which characterised these two spaces, are interrogated in order to consider children and educators’ embodied experiences of scent as well as well as to evidence examples of generational and racial inequities.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1839778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48874808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1788404
Mikael R. Karlsson, Peter Erlandson
ABSTRACT This article is a part of an on going ethnography project that run over six years in an Upper Secondary School in the south of Sweden. In this particular article we shed light over the implementation, enactment and reactions from the staff of one of the latest of a series of reforms that has been launched into the Swedish educational system: The Teachers’ Salary Boost reform (TSB). The reform rewarded especially excellent teachers – with raise in their monthly wage with 200–300 €. 40–50% of the teachers at the school did not get any raise at all. We produced our data using ethnographical methods with focus on participant observation, formal and informal interviews. From our data we draw the conclusion that while the leadership at the school executed the reform as a question concerning administration, the teachers receive the reform as a question concerning existence. The embedded trivialisation of teachers’ skilfulness remodelled the teachers professional positioning and made them questioning their professional lives and professional selves.
{"title":"Administrating existence: teachers and principals coping with the Swedish ‘Teachers’ Salary Boost’ reform","authors":"Mikael R. Karlsson, Peter Erlandson","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1788404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1788404","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article is a part of an on going ethnography project that run over six years in an Upper Secondary School in the south of Sweden. In this particular article we shed light over the implementation, enactment and reactions from the staff of one of the latest of a series of reforms that has been launched into the Swedish educational system: The Teachers’ Salary Boost reform (TSB). The reform rewarded especially excellent teachers – with raise in their monthly wage with 200–300 €. 40–50% of the teachers at the school did not get any raise at all. We produced our data using ethnographical methods with focus on participant observation, formal and informal interviews. From our data we draw the conclusion that while the leadership at the school executed the reform as a question concerning administration, the teachers receive the reform as a question concerning existence. The embedded trivialisation of teachers’ skilfulness remodelled the teachers professional positioning and made them questioning their professional lives and professional selves.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1788404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45187021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1788405
Ruth Unsworth, Jonathan Tummons
ABSTRACT The formation of teachers’ professional practice has been discussed in relation to a wide variety of influences, with government prescription of practice often criticised as oppressing professional agency. Set within an ethnographic study within one English primary school, this paper explores the role of intertextuality in the form of intertextual hierarchies during a policy-led period of change to teachers’ professional practice: the introduction of a new way of teaching mathematics. Drawing on actor-network theory and literacy studies, we trace the stages of the translation of the new method from policy into practice, through the intertextual hierarchies which carry this knowledge across policy/practice boundaries. We highlight the crucial role of texts as actors within a remodelling of professional practice. Describing how the socio-material use and creation of texts leads to localisation of policies, we lend hope to schools in terms of their own agency within government-driven agendas.
{"title":"Reassembling teachers’ professional practice: an ethnography of intertextual hierarchies in primary mathematics","authors":"Ruth Unsworth, Jonathan Tummons","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1788405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1788405","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The formation of teachers’ professional practice has been discussed in relation to a wide variety of influences, with government prescription of practice often criticised as oppressing professional agency. Set within an ethnographic study within one English primary school, this paper explores the role of intertextuality in the form of intertextual hierarchies during a policy-led period of change to teachers’ professional practice: the introduction of a new way of teaching mathematics. Drawing on actor-network theory and literacy studies, we trace the stages of the translation of the new method from policy into practice, through the intertextual hierarchies which carry this knowledge across policy/practice boundaries. We highlight the crucial role of texts as actors within a remodelling of professional practice. Describing how the socio-material use and creation of texts leads to localisation of policies, we lend hope to schools in terms of their own agency within government-driven agendas.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1788405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41633153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2019.1698309
A. Hipkiss, S. Windsor, D. Sanders
ABSTRACT This article uses vignettes and photographs taken from ethnographic research to reframe the methodological assumptions within school garden research. New theoretical perspectives are applied to previous empirical school garden research that provides deeper understandings of both the teaching and the learning of ecoliteracy in such material contexts. Actor Network Theory and Social Semiotics further highlight the affordance of school garden spaces. We make public the conversations of a small research group about a perceived ethnographic turn towards materiality, aesthetics and agency.
{"title":"The girl with the garden gloves: researching the affordances of sensual materialities in the school garden","authors":"A. Hipkiss, S. Windsor, D. Sanders","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2019.1698309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2019.1698309","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article uses vignettes and photographs taken from ethnographic research to reframe the methodological assumptions within school garden research. New theoretical perspectives are applied to previous empirical school garden research that provides deeper understandings of both the teaching and the learning of ecoliteracy in such material contexts. Actor Network Theory and Social Semiotics further highlight the affordance of school garden spaces. We make public the conversations of a small research group about a perceived ethnographic turn towards materiality, aesthetics and agency.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2019.1698309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2019.1698307
Begoña Vigo-Arrazola, Belén Dieste-Gracia
ABSTRACT This article focuses on the relevance that aesthetic practices play extending parental involvement and influence in school contexts in Spain. One rural, one urban and one peri-urban school have been included in the research. Participant observation and interviews were the main means of data production. In the results all the different schools promoted parents’ participation. However, differences in aesthetic practices and experiences were found. Parental involvement was developed in schools in different ways in relation to local contextual conditions and the salient characteristics of the geographic spaces the schools belonged to. Practical aesthetic knowledge produced multiple strategies of action.
{"title":"Identifying characteristics of parental involvement: aesthetic experiences and micro-politics of resistance in different schools through ethnographic investigations","authors":"Begoña Vigo-Arrazola, Belén Dieste-Gracia","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2019.1698307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2019.1698307","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article focuses on the relevance that aesthetic practices play extending parental involvement and influence in school contexts in Spain. One rural, one urban and one peri-urban school have been included in the research. Participant observation and interviews were the main means of data production. In the results all the different schools promoted parents’ participation. However, differences in aesthetic practices and experiences were found. Parental involvement was developed in schools in different ways in relation to local contextual conditions and the salient characteristics of the geographic spaces the schools belonged to. Practical aesthetic knowledge produced multiple strategies of action.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2019.1698307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41462366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1761416
J. Engel
ABSTRACT The article aims to develop a theory of biographical knowledge and practices of aesthetic articulation. Thus, it examines the aesthetic practices of young people beyond their verbal utterances. Using seven video case studies, it demonstrates the extent to which biographical knowledge is articulated in aesthetic practices – drawing, dancing, making music, etc. Aesthetic practices of articulation are theoretically defined as modes of relation between people and objects and between people and spaces. The article introduces a new ethnographic approach in biographical research that takes into account the lack of research into the significance of aesthetic practices in non-formally institutionalized areas and is thus also an epistemological guide that goes beyond highly cultural patterns and contexts. This has also proved particularly relevant for investigating subjectivation processes of vulnerable groups or, more specifically, the emergence of unequal subject positioning.
{"title":"The materiality of biographical knowledge – ethnography on aesthetic practices","authors":"J. Engel","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1761416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1761416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article aims to develop a theory of biographical knowledge and practices of aesthetic articulation. Thus, it examines the aesthetic practices of young people beyond their verbal utterances. Using seven video case studies, it demonstrates the extent to which biographical knowledge is articulated in aesthetic practices – drawing, dancing, making music, etc. Aesthetic practices of articulation are theoretically defined as modes of relation between people and objects and between people and spaces. The article introduces a new ethnographic approach in biographical research that takes into account the lack of research into the significance of aesthetic practices in non-formally institutionalized areas and is thus also an epistemological guide that goes beyond highly cultural patterns and contexts. This has also proved particularly relevant for investigating subjectivation processes of vulnerable groups or, more specifically, the emergence of unequal subject positioning.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1761416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59966768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1764856
A. Castellsagué, Sílvia Carrasco
ABSTRACT Education and gender have become central issues within development discourses and practices in Nepal, under the powerful idea that school enables equality for women, collective wellbeing, and the nation’s development. While hegemonic approaches to development are being increasingly challenged, critical contributions focusing on the education-gender intersection are still scarce. Drawing on data from an ethnographic research in a Himalayan village and school, this paper analyses the forms of knowledge, styles and relationships within learning processes in/outside the school, and its implications for the gender regime (re)production. Findings challenge the idea of schooling as an empowering tool for women by showing not only the coexistence of contradictory or differentiated models of transmission and acquisition of culture but also of contents, meanings, and its value change, in a Nepal governed by and within the paradigm of development.
{"title":"Development, education and gender: challenging the empowerment rhetoric from an ethnographic study in rural Nepal","authors":"A. Castellsagué, Sílvia Carrasco","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1764856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1764856","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Education and gender have become central issues within development discourses and practices in Nepal, under the powerful idea that school enables equality for women, collective wellbeing, and the nation’s development. While hegemonic approaches to development are being increasingly challenged, critical contributions focusing on the education-gender intersection are still scarce. Drawing on data from an ethnographic research in a Himalayan village and school, this paper analyses the forms of knowledge, styles and relationships within learning processes in/outside the school, and its implications for the gender regime (re)production. Findings challenge the idea of schooling as an empowering tool for women by showing not only the coexistence of contradictory or differentiated models of transmission and acquisition of culture but also of contents, meanings, and its value change, in a Nepal governed by and within the paradigm of development.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1764856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44201119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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