Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2021.1922927
Sofia Brito, Nuno Carneiro, Conceição Nogueira
ABSTRACT The present work intends to analyse how pre-school aged children experience the re/construction of a ‘gender identity’ and the processes that create it as an essential, factual, and unchangeable reality – therefore, suspect. Given the growing importance of ‘gender identity development’ in child development literature, as well as the arising voices of ‘gender non-conforming’ childhoods, this theme seems particularly relevant when faced with the limitations imposed by macrosocial discourses of cisheteronormativity. Using grounded theory and ethnography, the re/construction processes were observed in a mixed-age kindergarten classroom in Porto and analysed through the feminist lens of gender performativity. It was possible to observe the following dimensions: clothing and accessories as performative marks of gender; beauty and its role in constructing femininities; play as a regulatory fiction, that is both shaped by and constructs gender differences; gender borders and how they can be reinstated, negotiated or defied.
{"title":"Playing gender(s): the re/construction of a suspect ‘gender identity’ through play","authors":"Sofia Brito, Nuno Carneiro, Conceição Nogueira","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2021.1922927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2021.1922927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present work intends to analyse how pre-school aged children experience the re/construction of a ‘gender identity’ and the processes that create it as an essential, factual, and unchangeable reality – therefore, suspect. Given the growing importance of ‘gender identity development’ in child development literature, as well as the arising voices of ‘gender non-conforming’ childhoods, this theme seems particularly relevant when faced with the limitations imposed by macrosocial discourses of cisheteronormativity. Using grounded theory and ethnography, the re/construction processes were observed in a mixed-age kindergarten classroom in Porto and analysed through the feminist lens of gender performativity. It was possible to observe the following dimensions: clothing and accessories as performative marks of gender; beauty and its role in constructing femininities; play as a regulatory fiction, that is both shaped by and constructs gender differences; gender borders and how they can be reinstated, negotiated or defied.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2021.1922927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45276651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2021.1922928
Simone Plöger, Elisabeth Barakos
ABSTRACT In this paper, we make a theoretical and methodical case for combining Institutional Ethnography and Reflexive Grounded Theory to investigate linguistic transition processes of newly-arrived students in the German school system. Legitimised by a missing knowledge of German, the students are separated into preparatory classes in order to prepare them (linguistically) for the regular classes. This article develops a reflexive institutional-ethnographic approach that problematises and visualises the various voices and practices of social actors engaged in these transition processes. We elaborate the theoretical premises, methodical steps and procedures of a combined approach which allows to reconstruct the transition moment and its attendant tensions, stakeholder perspectives and embeddedness in wider social processes of migration-related multilingualism. The paper enriches the methodological landscape in language, education and migration studies and offers implications for engaging with educational research sites.
{"title":"Researching linguistic transitions of newly-arrived students in Germany: insights from Institutional Ethnography and Reflexive Grounded Theory","authors":"Simone Plöger, Elisabeth Barakos","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2021.1922928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2021.1922928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we make a theoretical and methodical case for combining Institutional Ethnography and Reflexive Grounded Theory to investigate linguistic transition processes of newly-arrived students in the German school system. Legitimised by a missing knowledge of German, the students are separated into preparatory classes in order to prepare them (linguistically) for the regular classes. This article develops a reflexive institutional-ethnographic approach that problematises and visualises the various voices and practices of social actors engaged in these transition processes. We elaborate the theoretical premises, methodical steps and procedures of a combined approach which allows to reconstruct the transition moment and its attendant tensions, stakeholder perspectives and embeddedness in wider social processes of migration-related multilingualism. The paper enriches the methodological landscape in language, education and migration studies and offers implications for engaging with educational research sites.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2021.1922928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44779594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2021.1911669
Catalina Ulrich Hygum, Erik Hygum
ABSTRACT Drawing on ethnographic data from two Romanian and two Danish nurseries, we explore the agency of children aged 9 months to 2.5 years. Considering action, time, and place, the article reflects on crying as one of the children’s agentic practices. We identified five predominant types of crying and analysed peers’ and caregivers’ perceptions and reactions. The ethnographic approach uncovers the generational order and social logic of nurseries, making it possible to compare the ways in which children use crying in their communication with caregivers and peers in Romania and Denmark.
{"title":"Crèche and cry, here and there: exploring children’s agency in Romanian and Danish nurseries","authors":"Catalina Ulrich Hygum, Erik Hygum","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2021.1911669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2021.1911669","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drawing on ethnographic data from two Romanian and two Danish nurseries, we explore the agency of children aged 9 months to 2.5 years. Considering action, time, and place, the article reflects on crying as one of the children’s agentic practices. We identified five predominant types of crying and analysed peers’ and caregivers’ perceptions and reactions. The ethnographic approach uncovers the generational order and social logic of nurseries, making it possible to compare the ways in which children use crying in their communication with caregivers and peers in Romania and Denmark.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2021.1911669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46771231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1818598
E. Pérez-Izaguirre, J. Cenoz
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on language ideologies in relation to identity in Basque secondary education, in a context where the teaching of a minority language is part of the curriculum. More precisely, it addresses the views held by teachers and immigrant students in relation to Basque, which is a minority language in the Basque Country. The aim is to analyse these views in their discourses both separately and in interaction. Methods include documentary analysis, participant observation, individual interviews and focus groups. Results indicate that there are engrained ideologies indexing identity in tension: those of teachers as Basque supporters and those adopted by students as Basque detractors, which come into conflict during classroom interaction when it involves learning Basque. The article concludes that these two ideologies constitute opposing identities and provides educational guidelines to improve classroom dynamics when acrimonious interactions such as these occur.
{"title":"Immigrant students’ minority language learning: an analysis of language ideologies","authors":"E. Pérez-Izaguirre, J. Cenoz","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1818598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1818598","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper focuses on language ideologies in relation to identity in Basque secondary education, in a context where the teaching of a minority language is part of the curriculum. More precisely, it addresses the views held by teachers and immigrant students in relation to Basque, which is a minority language in the Basque Country. The aim is to analyse these views in their discourses both separately and in interaction. Methods include documentary analysis, participant observation, individual interviews and focus groups. Results indicate that there are engrained ideologies indexing identity in tension: those of teachers as Basque supporters and those adopted by students as Basque detractors, which come into conflict during classroom interaction when it involves learning Basque. The article concludes that these two ideologies constitute opposing identities and provides educational guidelines to improve classroom dynamics when acrimonious interactions such as these occur.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1818598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43364564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2021.1905535
Iskender Gelir
ABSTRACT This paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of being a researcher in a familiar setting. This study was conducted in a nursery in Turkey. In ethnographic research, conducting research in a familiar setting plays an important role in collecting and analysing data. Familiarisation with participants and settings is associated with ‘insiderness’ that a researcher shares the same language and culture with participants. The concept of positionality will be used to discuss the researcher’s positionalities during the fieldwork. There has been a discussion about the role of familiarisation in conducting ethnographic studies and insider/outsider dichotomy. This study argues that the research process is not unproblematic for an insider researcher. It also indicates that there are advantages (e.g. ethnicity and former teacher) and disadvantages (being a male researcher) of being an insider in a familiar setting. The study highlights that the researcher made the arrangements to overcome challenges resulted from the researcher’s gender.
{"title":"Can insider be outsider? Doing an ethnographic research in a familiar setting","authors":"Iskender Gelir","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2021.1905535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2021.1905535","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of being a researcher in a familiar setting. This study was conducted in a nursery in Turkey. In ethnographic research, conducting research in a familiar setting plays an important role in collecting and analysing data. Familiarisation with participants and settings is associated with ‘insiderness’ that a researcher shares the same language and culture with participants. The concept of positionality will be used to discuss the researcher’s positionalities during the fieldwork. There has been a discussion about the role of familiarisation in conducting ethnographic studies and insider/outsider dichotomy. This study argues that the research process is not unproblematic for an insider researcher. It also indicates that there are advantages (e.g. ethnicity and former teacher) and disadvantages (being a male researcher) of being an insider in a familiar setting. The study highlights that the researcher made the arrangements to overcome challenges resulted from the researcher’s gender.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2021.1905535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44339724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1852438
Antonio Garcia, A. Haye, C. Matus, Verónica López
ABSTRACT Substantialist ethnographic approaches have been questioned for situating studies into stable groups and places, thereby creating rigid categories of diversity. In this study, we approached school normality through a relational ethnography, where the focus is on fields rather than places, and boundaries rather than bounded groups. Extended fieldwork was done at two schools in Santiago de Chile, where we embarked on a flexible journey to follow daily school life. We analysed situational encounters between the ethnographer and school actors at the school boundary as relational fields. Findings show that the institutional schools’ structures and norms seen at the boundary define the terrain where the relation between schools and differences is revealed. In this context, normality takes the form of resistance, nostalgia, and risk, defining how differences within the student body are constructed.
{"title":"Normality and difference in education: relational encounters at school boundaries","authors":"Antonio Garcia, A. Haye, C. Matus, Verónica López","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1852438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1852438","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Substantialist ethnographic approaches have been questioned for situating studies into stable groups and places, thereby creating rigid categories of diversity. In this study, we approached school normality through a relational ethnography, where the focus is on fields rather than places, and boundaries rather than bounded groups. Extended fieldwork was done at two schools in Santiago de Chile, where we embarked on a flexible journey to follow daily school life. We analysed situational encounters between the ethnographer and school actors at the school boundary as relational fields. Findings show that the institutional schools’ structures and norms seen at the boundary define the terrain where the relation between schools and differences is revealed. In this context, normality takes the form of resistance, nostalgia, and risk, defining how differences within the student body are constructed.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1852438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43895470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2021.1871853
Thorsten Merl
ABSTRACT Due to the legal implementation of inclusion in the German school system, teachers face the challenge of implementing the joint learning of pupils with and without special educational needs in the classroom. But how do they do this? How do teachers differentiate between pupils in classroom practices and what differences do they produce throughout these practices? This article shows that teachers differentiate along the distinction of whether a pupil is (in the eyes of the teacher and in relation to the ability expectations) sufficiently or insufficiently able. It can be shown that this differentiation not only produces who is and who is not capable of acting accordingly, but also ensures membership for all pupils, because it allows the teachers to maintain the general ability expectations while at the same time reduce them for those that are deemed insufficiently able. Nevertheless, this leads to the re/production of disability in inclusive classes.
{"title":"In/sufficiently able: how teachers differentiate between pupils in inclusive classrooms","authors":"Thorsten Merl","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2021.1871853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2021.1871853","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to the legal implementation of inclusion in the German school system, teachers face the challenge of implementing the joint learning of pupils with and without special educational needs in the classroom. But how do they do this? How do teachers differentiate between pupils in classroom practices and what differences do they produce throughout these practices? This article shows that teachers differentiate along the distinction of whether a pupil is (in the eyes of the teacher and in relation to the ability expectations) sufficiently or insufficiently able. It can be shown that this differentiation not only produces who is and who is not capable of acting accordingly, but also ensures membership for all pupils, because it allows the teachers to maintain the general ability expectations while at the same time reduce them for those that are deemed insufficiently able. Nevertheless, this leads to the re/production of disability in inclusive classes.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2021.1871853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47669264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2021.1903961
Christina Huf, Markus Kluge
ABSTRACT This paper engages with the question of how ethnographers in the field of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) can respond to the ontological turn in the social studies of childhood. Against the background of ECEC’s deeply sedimented orientation towards the uniqueness of the individual child, the paper wishes to complicate the rationale of de-centring the child and childhood-research’s child-centredness. Building on ethnographic field notes from a nursery class in the Early Years Unit of an Infant School in England, the authors discuss how ethnographers become entangled into the phenomenon of child-centredness, and how this entanglement is central for ethnographers to become answerable and response-able to the field of ECEC. The paper suggests that Karen Barad’s concept of agential seperability offers possibilities to explore how the individual child is enacted in ECEC and to understand, how ECEC is entangled into performing and producing children’s need for education.
{"title":"Being (with) batman – entangled research relations in ethnographic research in early childhood education and care","authors":"Christina Huf, Markus Kluge","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2021.1903961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2021.1903961","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper engages with the question of how ethnographers in the field of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) can respond to the ontological turn in the social studies of childhood. Against the background of ECEC’s deeply sedimented orientation towards the uniqueness of the individual child, the paper wishes to complicate the rationale of de-centring the child and childhood-research’s child-centredness. Building on ethnographic field notes from a nursery class in the Early Years Unit of an Infant School in England, the authors discuss how ethnographers become entangled into the phenomenon of child-centredness, and how this entanglement is central for ethnographers to become answerable and response-able to the field of ECEC. The paper suggests that Karen Barad’s concept of agential seperability offers possibilities to explore how the individual child is enacted in ECEC and to understand, how ECEC is entangled into performing and producing children’s need for education.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2021.1903961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41801703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2021.1872396
Raija Raittila, Mari Vuorisalo
ABSTRACT This article elaborates the relational ontology in an ethnographic study. The aim is to seek relational construction of preschool practice and how children’s positions are constructed in it. The study is based on the understanding that ethnography and relational sociology share the idea that society emerges through repeated relations. The ontological thinking of relational sociology is applied in a micro-level analysis of three episodes from a Finnish preschool. We propose that relations appear in every single ethnographical episode and that carefully analysed repetitive relations can reveal a stabilised organisational structure. The analysis shows how the position of one child is structuring and being structured in everyday actions in a preschool. We argue that through relational analysis of ethnographic data, it is possible to seek sociological knowledge of institutions – in this case, of preschool.
{"title":"Relational analysis and the ethnographic approach: constructing preschool childhood","authors":"Raija Raittila, Mari Vuorisalo","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2021.1872396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2021.1872396","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article elaborates the relational ontology in an ethnographic study. The aim is to seek relational construction of preschool practice and how children’s positions are constructed in it. The study is based on the understanding that ethnography and relational sociology share the idea that society emerges through repeated relations. The ontological thinking of relational sociology is applied in a micro-level analysis of three episodes from a Finnish preschool. We propose that relations appear in every single ethnographical episode and that carefully analysed repetitive relations can reveal a stabilised organisational structure. The analysis shows how the position of one child is structuring and being structured in everyday actions in a preschool. We argue that through relational analysis of ethnographic data, it is possible to seek sociological knowledge of institutions – in this case, of preschool.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2021.1872396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45310304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-25DOI: 10.1080/17457823.2020.1864655
Eran Hakim
ABSTRACT This paper brings an ethnographic experience to bear on the existing research field of school bullying, rounding out our understanding by focusing on an essential aspect: children’s culture. Based on 14 months of fieldwork and a close analysis of the case of Anat, a 9-year-old victim of bullying, the paper identifies a unique formation of school bullying with no leading bully. Drawing from theoretical approaches which focus on pupils’ everyday life, the paper asserts that bullying without a leading bully is rooted in children’s culture which effectively enforces bullying as a binding norm by constructing its object as disgusting. The paper explores how disgust shapes school bullying into a collective omnipresent rejection. It also discusses intervention programmes and suggests that within such a social position, one practice to consider would be transferring to a new environment where bullied pupils will not be forced to cope with collectively enforced prejudices.
{"title":"You’ve got the disease: how disgust in child culture shapes school bullying","authors":"Eran Hakim","doi":"10.1080/17457823.2020.1864655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1864655","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper brings an ethnographic experience to bear on the existing research field of school bullying, rounding out our understanding by focusing on an essential aspect: children’s culture. Based on 14 months of fieldwork and a close analysis of the case of Anat, a 9-year-old victim of bullying, the paper identifies a unique formation of school bullying with no leading bully. Drawing from theoretical approaches which focus on pupils’ everyday life, the paper asserts that bullying without a leading bully is rooted in children’s culture which effectively enforces bullying as a binding norm by constructing its object as disgusting. The paper explores how disgust shapes school bullying into a collective omnipresent rejection. It also discusses intervention programmes and suggests that within such a social position, one practice to consider would be transferring to a new environment where bullied pupils will not be forced to cope with collectively enforced prejudices.","PeriodicalId":46203,"journal":{"name":"Ethnography and Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17457823.2020.1864655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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