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Youth’s participation in agriculture: A fallacy or achievable possibility? Evidence from rural South Africa 青年参与农业:谬论还是可实现的可能性?来自南非农村的证据
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.4004
U. Chipfupa, A. Tagwi
Background: The realisation of more youth involvement in the agricultural sector has proved to be elusive, so the question of the possibility of a youth-led agriculture needs further investigation.Aim: The aim of the study was to assess whether there is potential for the rural youth to participate in agriculture by employing the typology formulation approach.Setting: The study is premised on recent calls for strategies to reduce youth unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa by involving and enhancing the agricultural sector.Method: A survey in questionnaire form was conducted with 224 youths from two districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The Principal Components Analysis and K-Means Clustering were performed to determine the youth typologies and assess their potential.Results: Five typologies were identified. Most youths (59.3%) were found in Typology 1 (those that see no benefits in farming) and in Typology 2 (older, experienced and with access to land). Typology 5 (male youths in agricultural cooperatives) had the lowest proportion of youths (5.7%). Participants in typologies 2, 3 and 5 were deemed to have high to moderate potential for successful engagement in farming. The highest potential was found in the typology with the least percentage of youths.Conclusions: The typologies showed that youths have varying perceptions and aspirations regarding agriculture. While some show an interest and have the potential to participate in farming, others do not. Therefore, the blanket notion of the youth’s lack of interest in agriculture should be qualified as it does not always hold. The heterogeneity in characteristics among the youths in these typologies, including their potential to participate in agriculture, expresses the differences in the kinds of support needed to increase their participation.
背景:实现更多的青年参与农业部门已被证明是难以捉摸的,因此青年主导农业的可能性问题需要进一步调查。目的:本研究的目的是评估农村青年是否有参与农业的潜力,采用类型学制定的方法。背景:这项研究的前提是最近呼吁制定战略,通过参与和加强农业部门来减少撒哈拉以南非洲的青年失业。方法:对来自南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省两个地区的224名青少年进行问卷调查。采用主成分分析和k均值聚类来确定青年类型并评估其潜力。结果:鉴定出5种类型。大多数年轻人(59.3%)生活在类型1(认为耕作没有好处的人)和类型2(年龄较大、经验丰富且有土地使用权的人)。类型5(农业合作社的男性青年)的青年比例最低(5.7%)。类型2、3和5的参与者被认为具有高到中等程度的成功从事农业的潜力。在年轻人比例最少的类型中发现了最高的潜力。结论:类型学表明,青年对农业有不同的看法和愿望。虽然有些人表现出兴趣并有潜力参与农业,但其他人却没有。因此,年轻人对农业缺乏兴趣的笼统概念应该是合格的,因为它并不总是成立。这些类型中的青年在特征上的异质性,包括他们参与农业的潜力,表达了增加他们参与所需的支持种类的差异。
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引用次数: 11
Development and preliminary validation of the work-unit performance questionnaire 工作单位绩效问卷的制定和初步验证
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3926
J. Seland, C. C. Theron
Background: Serious shortcomings are identified in the Performance Index (PI), developed by Spangenberg and Theron (2004). Attempts are made to correct these shortcomings.Aim: The primary objective of this research study was to develop and preliminary validate a generic Work-Unit Performance Questionnaire, based on the Performance Index of Spangenberg and Theron (2004), correcting shortcomings identified in that particular PI.Setting: The study used convenience sampling that consisted of 202 respondents from a variety of South African industries. The article draws on findings in the thesis of Seland (2019).Methods: The development and preliminary validation of the Work-Unit Performance Questionnaire (WUPQ) was required. The WUPQ consists of dual subscales, the Work-Unit Competency Questionnaire (WUCQ), which consists of seven latent behavioural competency variables, and the Work-Unit Outcome Questionnaire (WUOQ), which consists of six latent outcome variables.Results: Both measurement models (WUCP WUOQ) showed close fit; however, two factor loadings in the WUCQ measurement model had to be constrained. Reasonable structural model fit was found in the sample. Support was found for 11 of the original 21 path-specific substantive hypotheses and for an additional hypothesis.Conclusion: The proposed model can be used by managers, with caution due to the intentional exclusion of competency potential and situational variables, to diagnose poor work-unit performance. Furthermore, it is encouraged that this research be the starting point for further analyses of work-unit performance and advance validation of the instrument.
背景:Spangenberg和Theron(2004)开发的绩效指数(PI)存在严重缺陷。人们试图纠正这些缺点。目的:本研究的主要目的是基于Spangenberg和Theron(2004)的绩效指数,开发并初步验证一个通用的工作单元绩效问卷,以纠正该特定PI中发现的缺陷。环境:该研究采用方便抽样,由来自南非各行各业的202名受访者组成。本文借鉴了Seland(2019)论文中的研究结果。方法:编制工作单位绩效问卷(WUPQ)并进行初步验证。WUPQ由包含7个潜在行为能力变量的工作单元胜任力问卷(WUCQ)和包含6个潜在结果变量的工作单元结果问卷(WUOQ)组成。结果:两种测量模型(WUCP - WUOQ)均接近拟合;然而,WUCQ测量模型中的两个因素负载必须受到约束。样品的结构模型拟合合理。在最初的21个路径特定的实质性假设中,有11个和另外一个假设得到了支持。结论:管理者可以谨慎地使用所提出的模型来诊断工作单位的不良绩效,因为他们有意排除了胜任力潜力和情境变量。此外,值得鼓励的是,这项研究是进一步分析工作单元性能和提前验证仪器的起点。
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引用次数: 0
Regulating South Africa’s retirement funds: The case for clearer objectives 管理南非退休基金:明确目标的理由
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3943
R. Rusconi
The rationale for the regulation of participants in financial markets, like retirement funds, is sound. It would be strengthened, however, by a clear statement of the objectives of such regulation. In this article the position is taken that the objectives underpinning the regulation of South African privately-managed retirement funds should be enhanced. It presents this argument with reference to international principles concerning systems of old-age provision, and to the examples of regulations in other jurisdictions. It recommends a set of practical regulatory objectives in the pursuit of efficiency, sustainability, coverage, adequacy and security of provision for old age.
对退休基金等金融市场参与者进行监管的理由是合理的。但是,如果明确说明这种管制的目标,将会加强这种管制。本文采取的立场是,应加强管理南非私人管理的退休基金的各项目标。它参照有关养老制度的国际原则和其他司法管辖区条例的例子提出了这一论点。报告建议制定一套切实可行的监管目标,以追求养老服务的效率、可持续性、覆盖面、充足性和安全性。
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引用次数: 0
Has mobile phone technology aided the growth of agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa? 移动电话技术是否促进了撒哈拉以南非洲地区农业生产力的增长?
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3744
Omotomiwa Adenubi, O. Temoso, Isiaka Abdulaleem
Background: A recent increase in the adoption of mobile phone technology generated a great deal of interest and optimism regarding its effect on economic development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly on the enhancement of agricultural development.Aim: In this study the impact of mobile phone technology on agricultural productivity in SSA is examined.Setting: The empirical assessment uses a panel data set covering 41 countries over a period of 25 years.Methods: We employed an econometric approach and panel data covering 41 countries and a 25 year-period (1990–2014) to investigate the effect of the adoption of mobile phone technology and other socio-economic variables on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP). The use of regression analyses allowed us to estimate and measure the contribution of certain variables to agricultural TFP growth in SSA.Results: The results show that the uptake of mobile phone technology had a positive effect on agricultural TFP growth in SSA.Conclusion: Mobile phone technology has been established to be one of the drivers of agricultural productivity in SSA.Implication: The implications of this study are that governments, NGOs, and businesses working on improving agricultural productivity and food security in SSA need to continue endorsing mobile technology as a means to improve agricultural productivity.
背景:最近移动电话技术的普及引起了人们对其对撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)经济发展的影响的极大兴趣和乐观,特别是在促进农业发展方面。目的:本研究考察移动电话技术对SSA农业生产力的影响。背景:实证评估使用了覆盖41个国家25年的面板数据集。方法:采用计量经济学方法和覆盖41个国家25年(1990-2014)的面板数据,研究手机技术的采用和其他社会经济变量对农业全要素生产率(TFP)的影响。回归分析的使用使我们能够估计和测量某些变量对SSA农业全要素生产率增长的贡献。结果:研究结果表明,移动电话技术的采用对西南地区农业全要素生产率的增长具有积极的促进作用。结论:手机技术已被确定为SSA农业生产力的驱动因素之一。启示:本研究的启示是,致力于提高SSA农业生产力和粮食安全的政府、非政府组织和企业需要继续认可移动技术作为提高农业生产力的一种手段。
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引用次数: 1
Work engagement and perceived customer value, the mediating role of meaningfulness through work 工作投入与顾客感知价值:工作意义的中介作用
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3749
Marita M. Heyns, S. McCallaghan, W. Beukes
Background: Work engagement is considered an important contributor towards the success of any organisation, while finding meaning in work has been proven to enhance productivity and, ultimately, assists in improving the bottom line of an organisation.Aim: The aim of the study is to examine work engagement and meaningfulness through work and at the workplace, and how these factors impact on perceived customer value. More specifically, the researchers were interested in whether meaningfulness could mediate the relationship between work engagement and perceived customer value.Setting: Data were collected from employees at a large South African manufacturing organisation.Methods: Respondents from a manufacturing organisation in South Africa participated in the quantitative cross-sectional study (N = 152). They completed previously validated questionnaires to assess work engagement, meaningfulness through work and perceived customer value from an employee perspective. (Males = 52.21%; Working less than five years in the industry = 54.61%; Non-management = 50%).Results: Correlation results indicate that features of engagement, meaningfulness through work and perceived customer value were positively associated. A simple mediation model indicates that meaning could be considered a mediator in the relationship between work engagement and perceived customer value.Conclusion: Study results indicate that work engagement was not sufficient to improve perceived customer value and that finding meaning in and through work was also required.
背景:工作投入被认为是任何组织成功的重要因素,而在工作中找到意义已被证明可以提高生产力,并最终有助于提高组织的底线。目的:本研究的目的是通过工作和工作场所检查工作投入和意义,以及这些因素如何影响感知客户价值。更具体地说,研究人员感兴趣的是意义是否可以调解工作投入和感知客户价值之间的关系。背景:数据收集自一家大型南非制造组织的员工。方法:来自南非一家制造组织的受访者参与了定量横断面研究(N = 152)。他们完成了先前有效的问卷,以评估工作投入、工作意义和从员工角度感知的客户价值。(男性占52.21%;在该行业工作少于5年= 54.61%;非管理层= 50%)。结果:相关结果显示敬业度特征、工作意义特征和感知顾客价值特征呈正相关。一个简单的中介模型表明,意义可以被认为是工作投入和感知客户价值之间关系的中介。结论:研究结果表明,工作投入不足以提高感知客户价值,还需要在工作中和通过工作找到意义。
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引用次数: 1
Household saving and wealth in South Africa 南非的家庭储蓄和财富
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3764
F. Joubert, T. Van der Merwe
Background: A detailed picture of the saving behaviour of South African households would enable researchers to determine whether households are proactively attempting to safeguard themselves financially.Aim: Of this article is to analyse household saving(s), using both an income-statement (saving) and a balance-sheet (savings or wealth) approach, while investigating the link between the two as well.Setting: The perception that households are ‘dis-savers’ without really delving into the details, definitions, or reasons why this may or may not be the case. This notion is proven superficial as it ignores various interacting definitional and measurement issues.Methods: A descriptive analytical methodology is applied to household saving (flow) and savings (stock or wealth) in the period 1995 to 2018, with the focus on macro-economics, while data are sourced from the South African System of National Accounts (SNA).Results: Findings include a long-term decline in net household saving to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which turned negative in 2006, so that dissaving occurred. In contrast, household wealth recorded an average nominal increase of 10.3% in the period 1995 to 2018. Focusing on the link between the two concepts, it is confirmed that net revaluation of assets plays a prominent role to support the rise in wealth, while the role of saving diminishes over time. Therefore, the need for additional methodological updates is highlighted. More research is required on the various possible factors driving household income and expenditure trends, and their sustainability. The contribution of household saving to total saving should be evaluated in detail.
背景:南非家庭储蓄行为的详细情况将使研究人员能够确定家庭是否主动尝试在财务上保护自己。目的:本文的目的是分析家庭储蓄,使用损益表(储蓄)和资产负债表(储蓄或财富)的方法,同时调查两者之间的联系。设定:认为家庭是“不储蓄者”,而没有真正深入研究细节、定义或原因。这个概念被证明是肤浅的,因为它忽略了各种相互作用的定义和度量问题。方法:采用描述性分析方法对1995年至2018年期间的家庭储蓄(流量)和储蓄(股票或财富)进行分析,重点关注宏观经济,数据来自南非国民账户体系(SNA)。结果:调查结果包括家庭净储蓄对国内生产总值(GDP)的长期下降,在2006年变为负值,因此出现了储蓄不足。相比之下,1995年至2018年期间,家庭财富平均名义增长了10.3%。关注这两个概念之间的联系,可以确认资产的净重估在支持财富增长方面发挥着突出作用,而储蓄的作用随着时间的推移而减弱。因此,强调需要进一步更新方法。需要对推动家庭收入和支出趋势的各种可能因素及其可持续性进行更多的研究。应详细评估家庭储蓄对总储蓄的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Balancing quantitative and qualitative value-creation reporting 平衡定量和定性的价值创造报告
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3936
C. Crous, Marike C. van Wyk
Conclusion: The authors thus conclude that imbalanced reporting skewed towards quantitative value concepts persists.
结论:作者因此得出结论,偏向定量价值概念的不平衡报告仍然存在。
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引用次数: 3
Estimation of the potential economic welfare to be gained by the South African Customs Union from trade facilitation 估计南非关税同盟从贸易便利化中获得的潜在经济福利
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3796
Shahrzad Safaeimanesh, G. Jenkins
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引用次数: 2
The role of personal relationships in supply chain risk information sharing: Perspectives from buyers and suppliers of logistics services 人际关系在供应链风险信息共享中的作用:来自物流服务买方和供应商的视角
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3703
Marco van der Walt, W. Niemann, A. Meyer
Keith Ferrazzi, a New York Times best-selling author, was quoted saying: ‘Power comes from sharing information, not withholding it’. Likewise, information technology (IT) innovations are shaping the modern-day supply chain and, as a result, firms and their supply chain partners (SCPs) are becoming progressively more dependent on information sharing among one another (Colicchia et al. 2018:5; Kache & Seuring 2017:11). Today, the collection and sharing of information is faster and simpler, allowing supply chains to operate in a globally connected environment (Colicchia et al. 2018:5). South Africa is recognised as the most developed country in Africa in terms of the third-party logistics (3PL) industry. As a result, the majority of logistics activities on the continent are performed by South African 3PL service providers (Nel, De Goede & Niemann 2018:2). The utilisation of 3PL service providers creates a network among buyers and suppliers for potential information sharing and risk mitigation (Huong Tran, Childerhouse & Deakins 2016:1103). The purpose of sharing information is to ensure real-time information processing and decision-making between the firm and its 3PLs (Prajogo & Olhager 2012:514–516). Third-party logistics partners can provide timely feedback, outsource processes and track service activities by sharing information (Zacharia, Sanders & Nix 2011:43–44). Information sharing enables firms to experience improved resilience and increased supply chain visibility (Brandon-Jones et al. 2014:56–57). Background: The frequent occurrence of supply chain disruptions highlights the importance of sharing supply chain risk information (SCRI) among buyers and suppliers in third-party logistics (3PL) services. Business relationships and long-term collaboration among supply chain partners (SCP), such as 3PLs and their clients, lead to the sharing of SCRI. Risk information sharing (RIS) cannot be effectively carried out unless these relationships are based on more than just transactional information sharing. Therefore, a better understanding is needed of how personal relationships influence RIS among these partners.
《纽约时报》畅销书作家基思·费拉兹曾说:“权力来自分享信息,而不是隐瞒信息。”同样,信息技术(IT)创新正在塑造现代供应链,因此,企业及其供应链合作伙伴(scp)越来越依赖于彼此之间的信息共享(Colicchia等人,2018:5;Kache & Seuring 2017:11)。如今,信息的收集和共享变得更快、更简单,使供应链能够在全球连接的环境中运行(Colicchia等人,2018:5)。南非被公认为非洲第三方物流(3PL)行业最发达的国家。因此,非洲大陆的大部分物流活动都是由南非的第三方物流服务提供商进行的(Nel, De Goede & Niemann 2018:2)。利用第三方物流服务提供商在买家和供应商之间建立了一个网络,以实现潜在的信息共享和风险缓解(Huong Tran, Childerhouse & Deakins 2016:1103)。共享信息的目的是确保企业和第三方物流之间的实时信息处理和决策(Prajogo & Olhager 2012:514-516)。第三方物流合作伙伴可以通过共享信息提供及时反馈、外包流程和跟踪服务活动(Zacharia, Sanders & Nix 2011:43-44)。信息共享使企业能够体验到更好的弹性和更高的供应链可见性(Brandon-Jones et al. 2014:56-57)。背景:供应链中断的频繁发生凸显了第三方物流服务中买方和供应商之间共享供应链风险信息(SCRI)的重要性。供应链合作伙伴(SCP)之间的业务关系和长期合作,如第三方物流公司及其客户,导致了SCRI的共享。除非这些关系不仅仅建立在交易信息共享的基础上,否则风险信息共享(RIS)无法有效地进行。因此,需要更好地了解这些合作伙伴之间的个人关系如何影响RIS。
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引用次数: 3
Determining the potential of informal savings groups as a model for formal commitment saving devices 确定非正式储蓄团体的潜力,作为正式承诺储蓄装置的模式
IF 1.1 4区 管理学 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3940
Mario Landman, Morris Mthombeni
Copyright: © 2021. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. Introduction Informal savings groups, also referred to as ‘stokvels’ in South Africa (African Response 2012), were born out of the country’s repressive, race-based policies that restricted the economic participation of the black population. These savings groups are unregulated societies aimed at individuals who are under-served by traditional banking and non-banking financial institutions (Burlando & Canidio 2017; Dupas & Robinson 2013).
版权所有:©2021。作者。被许可方:小岛屿国家联盟。本作品遵循知识共享署名许可协议。非正式储蓄团体,在南非也被称为“stokvels”(非洲回应2012),诞生于该国限制黑人经济参与的压制性种族政策。这些储蓄团体是不受监管的社会,针对的是传统银行和非银行金融机构服务不足的个人(Burlando & Canidio 2017;Dupas & Robinson 2013)。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences
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